Abstract: A thermal management system and a method of heating a water-surface load or sub-water load. The system includes an electrochemical power source which generates electrical power and heat as a byproduct or coproduct. The electrolyte contained in the electrochemical power source is configured to transport the heat that is generated by the electrochemical power source to at least one water-surface load or sub-water load.

Abstract: A low cost, single-use disposable system for the thermocoagulation of tissue. The preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises an exothermic device for the treatment of cervical tissue or the like to provide low cost but effective treatment of, for example, precancerous conditions such as HPV (Human Papilloma Virus). The system provides an extremely cost efficient, easily implemented, single use, hygienic, rugged device which can be used in diverse conditions, requiring no power to operate, little training, and no other equipment.

Abstract: A gas burner assembly and a method of operating the same are provided. The gas burner assembly includes an air pump that supplies a flow of air into a boost fuel chamber for mixing with a flow of boost fuel before being combusted and directed through a plurality of boost flame ports. A temperature sensor is positioned proximate the air pump and a controller regulates the power supplied to the air pump to compensate for air pump operating characteristics based on the measured temperature. A pressure sensor may also detect a low pressure condition downstream of the air pump and shut down the fuel and air supply system accordingly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a non-powered constant-temperature cell transfer device, in which a first container, which accommodates living animal cells and a culture solution, is accommodated in a second container having a heat generating unit that emits heat generated by oxidation and reduction reactions of metal by introducing oxygen in the atmosphere in order to continuously provide an optimum culture temperature to a culture container even without being supplied with electric power, thereby maintaining activity and viability of the cells by maintaining a culture environment optimal for proliferation of the cells accommodated in the first container.

Abstract: A flexible adhesive kinesiology/physio tape adapted to produce heat from the exothermic oxidation when exposed to air. The inventive tape includes a layer of porous material with iron and salt disposed therein. In the best mode, the layer is flexible and self-adhesive. A layer of plastic is included to inhibit oxidation prior to application and use. In a preferred embodiment, the inventive flexible adhesive tape includes a first layer of flexible adhesive high quality porous fabric; a second layer of flexible adhesive high quality porous fabric; and the layer of flexible exothermic material, sandwiched between the first and second layers. The third layer can be fabricated with cellulose, iron, water, activated carbon, vermiculite and salt or fabricated with a mixture of chemical salt in dry crystal form with water. Or any other chemical mixture that creates an exothermic reaction.

Abstract: A flexible adhesive kinesiology or physio tape adapted to provide heating as well as cooling in response to an electrical signal. In a general illustrative embodiment, the inventive tape includes a first layer of flexible high quality porous fabric; a pad of electrocaloric polymeric material mounted on the layer of porous fabric; and a controller, mounted on the tape, for electrically actuating the pad of electrocaloric material. In the best mode, plural pads of polarized electrocaloric polymer film are provided with nanotube electrodes mounted therebetween. The first layer of porous fabric includes plural arrangements for retaining the plural pads and providing male and female electrical connections thereto. A bus is mounted on the first layer for providing electrical connection between the controller and the electrical connections to the pads of film.

Abstract: Disclosed is an adhesive patch having a support and an adhesive agent layer laminated on the support, wherein the support consists of spunlace nonwoven fabric, the adhesive agent layer comprises an SIS block copolymer and liquid paraffin, the adhesive patch has a first direction, which is a predetermined reference axis direction, and a second direction, which is orthogonal to the first direction, and a bending resistance in the first direction of the adhesive patch is 18 to 30 mm.

Abstract: An air permeable envelope has a gripper for securing the envelope to a seat. A mixture contained in the air permeable envelope can react exothermically upon exposure to air. A sealed bag that is relatively air impermeable, initially holds the air permeable envelope and mixture together with the gripper. Upon opening and unsealing the bag, the mixture is exposed to air in order to start an exothermic reaction. The envelope and the gripper are removed from the bag and the gripper is used to attach the envelope upon the seat to warm it.

Abstract: A fill tube for a water filled plant protector is formed by folding the top edge of the outer wall of the protector between the inner and outer walls and capturing the edge with the welds that create the vertical columns. The protector is filled through a port in the tube. Air is vented as the columns fill with water through the open top of each column.

Abstract: A heater in a housing with an opening. The heater reacts with oxygen to produce heat and upon consumption of the oxygen, the heating reaction stops and can be restarted at a later point in time upon the introduction of additional oxygen and is used in a package for heating pre-moistened substrates such as sanitary wipes, and the like.

Abstract: Heating units, drug supply units and drug delivery articles capable of rapid heating are disclosed. Heating units comprising a substrate and a solid fuel capable of undergoing an exothermic metal oxidation reaction disposed within the substrate are disclosed. These heating units can be actuated by electrical resistance, by optical ignition or by percussion. Drug supply units and drug delivery articles wherein a solid fuel is configured to heat a substrate to a temperature sufficient to rapidly thermally vaporize a drug disposed thereon are also disclosed.

Abstract: Improvements for packages for oxygen based portable heaters, including improvements relating to packaging forms, reactant control, thermal control, heat initiation, graphics on the package, and integrated packaging structures.

Abstract: Provided herein are devices and methods for thawing frozen biological material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchanger (1) for a vehicle comprising a heat engine, said exchanger comprising a first circuit, a second circuit and a tank. According to the invention, the first circuit comprises first ducts for conveying exhaust gases, the second circuit comprises second ducts for conveying a heat-transfer fluid, and the tank can receive a reagent.

Abstract: A system and method for deployment of a material or desirable product is included. A desirable product can include a combination of a pyrophoric material with a material adapted to be sublimated by pyrophoric effect and produce a desired effect such as, for example, type of dye configured to be an obscurant material with a desired effect after sublimation could be a visual obscurant, electromagnetic obscurant, or some type of pesticide. A system for deploying and storing the material could include a housing configured to seal the combination of dye and pyrophoric materials from the presence of oxygen so that the pyrophoric material does not react until selectively exposed to a gas. A selection and mix of the pyrophoric material with the material, e.g., dye can be accomplished in such a way that the reaction between the pyrophoric material and oxygen is not substantially impeded.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to carriers that may simultaneously carry and warm receptacles of food products or other goods (e.g., baby wipes) and methods of the same. More particularly, embodiments relate generally to carriers that respectively comprise a body and a heating element. The body comprises a pouch that is configured to receive a receptacle containing a food product or other good and a heating element configured to perform an exothermic reaction to heat the same without the aid of an electric power source. The pouch comprises thermal insulation to enhance the heat-retention capabilities thereof.

Abstract: A steam-generating warming article 1 which has a steam generating element 2 making use of chemical energy and is adapted to supply steam while in contact with a human body. The article 1, while in contact with the body, maintains the skin surface temperature at 38° to 49° C. for 3 to 15 hours and cumulatively generates 0.5 to 12 mg/3 hr·cm2 of steam. The steam-generating warming article 1 is used to improve the human body's physiology. The steam generating element 2 is preferably a heat generating sheet prepared by incorporating an aqueous electrolyte solution into a molded sheet containing an oxidizable metal, a reaction accelerator, and a fibrous material.

Abstract: This invention provides a heating device ensuring sufficient adhesive force, even when it is removed from clothing and then reattached to different clothing. The heating device of the present invention comprises a bag unit 2 containing an exothermic composition A including an oxidizable metal that can generate heat by contact with air, one surface of the bag unit 2 being air-permeable; an adhesive layer 3 formed on the other surface of the bag unit 2; a first release sheet 4 provided on the adhesive layer 3 to cover the adhesive layer 3; and a second release sheet 5 provided on the first release sheet 4 to cover the first release sheet 4, wherein the first release sheet 4 has a release portion 41 and a residual portion 42; when the second release sheet 5 is removed from the first release sheet 4, the release portion 41 is removed together with the second release sheet 5 and the residual portion 42 remains on the adhesive layer 3.

Abstract: An oxygen based heater including a substrate that produces heat in the presence of oxygen at a maximum temperature a thermal regulator material, preferably having a melting point lower than the maximum temperature, wherein a maximum temperature of the heater is approximately the same as the maximum temperature of the thermal regulation layer.

Abstract: An oxygen based heater and various electrolyte solution formulations for same wherein the boiling point and/or relative humidity of the electrolyte solution are used as a determining basis for using that electrolyte solution in the heater.

Abstract: An oxygen based heater including a heater substrate and a pad impregnated with an electrolyte solution disposed adjacent to the heater substrate which transfers electrolyte to the heater substrate. Methods of manufacturing same in an oxygen containing environment in which electrolyte is impregnated onto pad which is adjacent heater substrate.

Abstract: A flameless heater apparatus and method whose heating capacity and performance can be selected and tuned at the time of manufacture, and which is easily used and has a long shelf life. The apparatus and method may be used in flameless ration heaters, such as may be used in military or emergency situations. There is provided a flameless heating method and apparatus in which the solid reactive ingredients (not including liquid reactant, typically water) are not all blended or mixed together at the time of apparatus fabrication. Rather, at least one key ingredient (typically a super-corroding alloy of magnesium and iron) in a dry powder form is kept physically segregated from all the other ingredients, such as catalysts (normally acids such as acetic or tartaric acid or acidic mixtures) and surfactants. The exothermic chemical reaction is initiated only after at least one (typically a dry powder catalyst) goes into aqueous solution after the application of water (saline or non-saline).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of generating thermal energy, the method comprising: (i) contacting a surface of a metal with an atmosphere comprising hydrogen to form a surface having hydrogen absorbed thereon; and (ii) exposing the surface having hydrogen absorbed thereon to an atmosphere comprising oxygen, wherein the oxygen reacts with the absorbed hydrogen to produce thermal energy, wherein before performing step (ii) the surface is activated with an atmosphere comprising water.

Abstract: A field ration packaging assembly includes a ration housing and a food tray. The ration housing includes a lid panel having at least one air exhaust vent and a wall panel having at least one intake vent. The food tray may be positioned above a heat source. The at least one air exhaust vent and at least one air intake vent may be in fluid communication such that upon activation of the heat source, air enters the ration housing through the at least one air intake vent, passes over the heat source and exits the ration housing at the at least one exhaust vent by natural convection.

Abstract: Heating units, drug supply units and drug delivery articles capable of rapid heating are disclosed. Heating units comprising a substrate and a solid fuel capable of undergoing an exothermic metal oxidation reaction disposed within the substrate are disclosed. These heating units can be actuated by electrical resistance, by optical ignition or by percussion. Drug supply units and drug delivery articles wherein a solid fuel is configured to heat a substrate to a temperature sufficient to rapidly thermally vaporize a drug disposed thereon are also disclosed.

Abstract: An substrate heater includes at least a wet porosity of between 15-35% to allow for sufficient electrolyte solution and porosity for access of a reducing agent within the substrate and oxygen.

Abstract: A heating apparatus includes an elongated flexible envelope (4) comprising two sheets (6), (8) that are attached to each other along permanent side seams (10), (12) and along a permanent bottom seam (14) and a moisture-activated chemical heater (16) disposed inside envelope (4), wherein envelope (4) is folded over on itself and secured by temporary side seams (18), (20) and a permanent top seam (22) to form a continuous moisture barrier surrounding the moisture activated chemical heater (16) and wherein heater (2) may be opened for use by removing top seam (22) and unfolding envelope (4) by unpeeling temporary seals (18), (20) to provide unfolded envelope (4), wherein sheets (6) and (8) remain sealed along permanent seams (10), (12) and (14), but wherein envelope (4) now has an open top end (30).

Abstract: A warming product that contains an exothermic composition configured to generate heat in the presence of oxygen and moisture is provided. The exothermic composition is applied to a thermal composite containing two or more fibrous layers, which are structured to provide enhanced distribution of the exothermic composition through the thermal composite structure. For example, a first fibrous layer may rapidly acquire the exothermic composition and distribute it primarily in the ?z direction (direction of thickness) to a second fibrous layer, which may then distribute the exothermic composition primarily in the ?x and ?y directions. Typically, at least a portion of the exothermic composition is able to flow through the second fibrous layer and contact additional layers. For example, the exothermic composition may contain a moisture-holding layer configured to supply moisture to the exothermic composition.

Abstract: Heating units, drug supply units and drug delivery articles capable of rapid heating are disclosed. Heating units comprising a substrate and a solid fuel capable of undergoing an exothermic metal oxidation reaction disposed within the substrate are disclosed. These heating units can be actuated by electrical resistance, by optical ignition or by percussion. Drug supply units and drug delivery articles wherein a solid fuel is configured to heat a substrate to a temperature sufficient to rapidly thermally vaporize a drug disposed thereon are also disclosed.

Abstract: A heat generating body including a a moldable heat generating composition containing surplus water as a connecting substance interposed and heat sealed between packaging materials, which is characterized in that the packaging materials are each constituted of a substrate and a covering material; that the substrate is substantially planar and does not have an accommodating pocket; that the packaging materials each has a bending resistance of not more than 100 mm; that the packaging materials are each a non-elastic body at least at a temperature between 25° C. and 60° C., has a breaking strength of 500 g/mm2 or more at 25° C. and has a breaking elongation of 30% or more at 90° C. The heat generating body is suitable for relaxation of symptoms of menstrual pain.

Abstract: A warming device of sheet form having (1) a heat generating sheet prepared by papermaking and containing an oxidizable metal, a moisture retaining agent, and a fibrous material and (2) an air permeable holder holding the heat generating sheet. The warming device has a thickness of 0.1 to 10 mm and a flexural strength of 0.01 to 0.3 N/cm. The sheet preferably has a thickness of 0.1 to 2.0 mm. The fibrous material preferably has a CSF of 600 ml or less.

Abstract: Projections are located at an inner face of a case member so as to form air passages in first and second directions. A disposable pocket heater and a gel container are set inside the projections and the case member is assembled. Since the air passages in both directions are formed on a whole surface of the disposable pocket heater, oxygen is supplied to the whole disposable pocket heater and the whole gelling agents in the gel container is heated to almost uniform temperature.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides advantageous warmer assemblies. More particularly, the present disclosure provides for improved air activated warmer assemblies and improved methods for rapidly elevating the temperature of a container/vessel and/or the contents therein (e.g., liquids and/or foods in a container or vessel, such as a baby bottle or the like). In exemplary embodiments, the present disclosure provides for improved portable, disposable, cost effective, efficient and/or easy-to-use air activated systems/methods/assemblies for rapidly elevating the temperature of liquids and/or foods in a container or vessel. The improved air activated assemblies and systems of the present disclosure may be utilized by a user essentially anywhere and at any time to rapidly elevate the temperature of the contents of a container or vessel.

Abstract: A disposable warmer of the present invention has a bag including a bag member (A) and a bag member (B); a heater; a heat-sealed portion where the bag member (A) and the bag member (B) are heat-sealed; and a portion with the heater sealed therein. The bag members (A) and (B) are heat-sealed with each other to form the bag, the bag member (A) includes at least a layered structure with a porous film and a nonwoven fabric layer, and the bag member (B) includes at least another layered structure with a stretchable film and another nonwoven fabric layer. The disposable warmer comprises two or more of the portions with the heaters sealed therein independently, and a slit in at least the porous film constituting the bag member (A) of the bag members (A) and (B) in at least one region between the adjacent portions with the heaters sealed therein.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heat package wherein a surface of a generating heat element that generates heat when exposed to atmosphere is placed against or attached to a heat conductive member. The heat element is protected from atmosphere until use. The heat package may include a heat-generating element attached to an insulating member with one or more air spaced there between. An outer surface of the heat-generating element can be exposed to atmosphere to produce heat when desired.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to heat cells that are suitable for incorporation into disposable heating wraps. The heat cells comprise an exothermic composition comprising an absorbent gelling material, wherein the absorbent gelling material provides for improved heat application in the relief of temporary or chronic body aches and pains.

Abstract: A portable catalytic heating system for off grid application, in which the heating system comprises a heating unit with a handle (4) and an, in extension hereof arranged, heating pipe (5) containing a catalytic burner (20) for catalytic combustion of gases for providing infra-red radiation, where the heating pipe (5) is produced in a material that is transparent for infra-red radiation and fluid-proof for immersion in liquids.

Abstract: Projections are located at an inner face of a case member so as to form air passages in first and second directions. A disposable pocket heater and a gel container are set inside the projections and the case member is assembled. Since the air passages in both directions are formed on a whole surface of the disposable pocket heater, oxygen is supplied to the whole disposable pocket heater and the whole gelling agents in the gel container is heated to almost uniform temperature.

Abstract: A molded sheet containing at least an oxidizable metal, a moisture retaining agent, and a fibrous material and having a content of components other than the fibrous material of 50% by weight or higher. The sheet has a thickness of 0.08 to 1.2 mm and a breaking length of 100 to 4000 m.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the gasification of carbonaceous materials in the form of solid particles. The inventive method comprises the following steps consisting in: heating a gaseous mixture formed by a feed gas and water vapor in a heater (1); bringing the particles of the carbonaceous materials into contact with the heated gaseous mixture in a pressurized gasification reactor (2), with the formation of a raw reaction gas and unburnt ash; separately supplying the heater with (i) water vapour and (ii) the aforementioned feed gas; taking separate samples from the heater of the gaseous mixture (at point 13) and of part of the feed gas in the dry state (at point 16); and injecting into the gasification reactor said dry feed gas and a gas forming therewith a fuel mixture in the ash.

Abstract: A heat transfer system and use thereof. The heat transfer system provides for the combustion of a fuel and the use of heat energy released by the combustion to heat a process fluid and to preheat the fuel and oxidant prior to their combustion. The heat transfer system includes three tubes with a fuel introduction tube surrounded by an oxidant introduction tube that is surrounded by a process tube. A heat transfer system having the appropriate geometry may provide for the flameless combustion of the fuel. The heat transfer system may also be integrated into other systems such as heat exchangers and catalytic process systems.

Abstract: An accelerated cure cycle process includes providing a substrate having an area to be heated and cured, providing an exothermic chemical reaction warmer in thermal contact with the area and curing the area by initiating and sustaining an exothermic chemical reaction in the exothermic chemical reaction warmer.

Abstract: A four-tube heating system for combusting a fuel and transferring the heat released therefrom to a process fluid. The heating system includes, a fuel introduction zone, a combustion zone, an oxidant introduction zone, and a process fluid zone, wherein the fuel introduction zone is defined by fuel introduction means for introducing fuel into the combustion zone that is defined by a reaction tube external to and surrounding the fuel introduction means, and wherein the oxidant introduction zone is defined by an oxidant introduction tube external to and surrounding the reaction tube, and wherein the process fluid zone is defined by a process tube external to and surrounding the oxidant tube.

Abstract: A heat and steam generator for eye application includes a heat and steam generating member making use of oxidative reaction of an oxidizable metal and is adapted to supply steam to eyes and surroundings. The heat and steam generator is adapted to release steam from its side brought into contact with eyes and surroundings for a period of 1 to 30 minutes to maintain the skin surface temperature to which it is applied at 34° C. to 43° C. over a period of 1 to 120 minutes. The heat and steam generator has a stiffness of 0.01 to 10 N/7 cm-width. The heat and steam generator is effective in improving near triad causing reduction in vision.

Abstract: The self-heating and adhesive device of the present invention comprises a gas-permeable sheet layer, an exothermic composition layer, a gas-impermeable sheet layer, a support, a poultice or gel layer, and a releasing sheet layer in this order, wherein the exothermic composition layer is stuffed in a pouch that is made of the gas-permeable sheet layer and the gas-impermeable sheet layer, and wherein the support comprises a fibrous layer only or a gas-impermeable sheet and a fibrous layer and has a moisture permeability within the range of 0 to 3,000 g/m2·24 hours by the Lyssy method.

Abstract: There is provided such a heat-generating body for warming a foot in that a heat-generating composition is used that can retain the shape thereof irrespective of the pressure inside the container bag upon using by application to a foot, a footgear or a sock. The heat-generating body of the invention for warming a foot is characterized in that it contains a heat-generating formed article causing a heat-generating reaction in the presence of air and having a shape retaining degree of 70 or more charged in a container bag constituted with a base material, a covering material and the like. Further a process is provided for producing a heat-generating body for warming a foot in that the heat generation reaction of the heat-generating composition is suppressed to prevent loss due to the heat-generating reaction during production, quality deterioration of the heat-generating composition, and other problems.

Abstract: A portable electronic device includes a cover (10), a container (20) and a heater (40). The container is provided on the cover. The heater includes some exothermic materials. The heater is received in the container.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a wettable heat generating composition compressed body which has various shapes and various sizes, is wettable and is capable of generating heat upon contact with air. Another object of the invention is to provide a heat generating body having a structure in which the foregoing wettable heat generating composition compressed body is interposed between a substrate and a covering material and at least the periphery of the wettable heat generating composition compressed body is sealed and having an exothermic part having an air-permeable part.

Abstract: There are provided a process for producing an active heat generating mixture capable of causing an oxidation reaction immediately upon contact with air to generate heat and subsequently initiating an abrupt reaction which after arrival at a certain fixed temperature, is then changed to a mild reaction, the heating generating mixture being cheap and being able to be industrially mass-produced; a heat generating mixture; a heat generating composition; a moldable heat generating composition; and a heat generating body. The invention is characterized by bringing a reaction mixture containing, as essential components, an iron powder, a reaction accelerator and water and having a water content of from 0.5 to 20% by weight and a water mobility value showing an amount of surplus water of less than 0.01 with an oxidizing gas under circumstances at 0° C. or higher and regulating a temperature rise of the reaction mixture at 1° C. or higher within 10 minutes.

Abstract: There is provided an active iron powder which is suitable for a heat generating composition of a heat generating body, is excellent in rising properties and is excellent in economy by using an iron powder which is generally produced at present and modifying its function into an active iron powder suitable as a raw material of a heat generating body. The invention is concerned with an active iron powder to be contained in a heat generating composition capable of generating heat upon contact with air, characterized in that in the active iron powder, a part of the surface of the iron powder is covered by an iron oxide film; and that a thickness of the iron oxide film is from 3 nm to 100 ?m and is not more than 50% of the total thickness of the active iron powder.