Abstract: High modulus, flexible films may be fabricated from blends of pectin, starch and, optionally, plasticizers. The films are biodegradable, water soluble and are advantageous in that all materials are derived from agricultural products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition containing hypocariogenic hydrogenated saccharides which can be used as sweetening composition or as texturing agent in food products and in some pharmaceutical or veterinary products. This composition is characterized in that it has a concentration of 0.1 to 80% of hydrogenated monosaccharides, a concentration of 0.1 to 96% of hydrogenated disaccharides, a concentration of 11 to 96% of hydrogenated mono- and disaccharides, a concentration of 1 to 40% of polysaccharides which are not hydrolyzed by amyloglucosidase, the balance for 100% consisting of hydrogenated oligosaccharides or polysaccharides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing solid forms of administration of lactulose by evaporating lactulose syrup to a water content of at most 10%, preferably 2 to 6%, cooling the thick, evaporated syrup, grinding and sieving, or breaking the solid product.

Abstract: A method of preparing reduced fat foods is provided which employs a fragmented, debranched amylopectin starch precipitate. A debranched amylopectin starch is precipitated and then fragmented to form an aqueous dispersion that is useful in replacing fat in a variety of food formulations. The debranched amylopectin starch can be derived from a starch which contains amylopectin, e.g. common corn starch and waxy maize starch, by gelatinizing the starch followed by treatment with a debranching enzyme, e.g. isoamylase or pullulanase and precipitation of the debranched starch.

Abstract: A method of preparing reduced fat foods is provided which employs a retrograded, hydrolyzed, heat-treated, and fragmented, amylose starch. Amylose is precipitated and hydrolyzed with acid or .alpha.-amylase, solubles are removed by a heat treatment and the resulting solids are then fragmented to form an aqueous dispersion that is useful in replacing fat in a variety of food formulations. The amylose can be derived from a native starch which contains amylose, e.g. common corn starch and high amylose corn starch, by gelatinizing the starch followed by precipitation of the amylose.

Abstract: Pectic acid and pectinic acid may be totally or partially esterified with aliphatic, arylaliphatic, cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic alcohols. When the acid is only partially esterified, the remaining free carboxyl groups may be salified with inorganic or organic bases. The esters may be used in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, alimentary and cosmetic fields. The esters may be prepared from a quaternary ammonium salt of pectic acid or pectinic acid and an esterifying agent such as a halogenide.

Abstract: An indigestible dextrin characterized in that the dextrin contains:(A) up to 50% of 1.fwdarw.4 glycosidic linkages, and(B) at least 60% of an indigestible component,(C) the content of indigestible component as actually determined varying within the range of .+-.5% from a value Y calculated from at least one of equations, i.e., Equations 1 to 62, given in the specification,(D) the indigestible dextrin being prepared by adding hydrochloric acid to corn starch and heating the corn starch at 120.degree. to 200.degree. C. using an extruder,the value Y being a calculated content (%) of the indigestible component.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing solid honey wherein pure honey is subjected to dehydration in a vacuum evaporator with gradual temperature rise in a temperature range from ordinary temperature to 40.degree.-90.degree. C. within about one hour. The resultant concentrated pure honey is transported by pressure to a pouring part for supplying to a determined forming mold. In the meantime, heat-resistant plastic package containers which constitute determined forming molds are successively transported to the position of the pouring part, and the concentrated pure honey is charged to inside of the forming molds of the containers after a determined amount of edible fats and oils is previously applied. Spontaneous cooling then occurs followed by sealing up with a cover of an aluminium foil or a non-hygroscopic sheet at the side of opening part of the container. There is also disclosed a solid honey obtained by the process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biodegradable thermoplastic composition made of a cereal grain that is treated with an organic solvent, and optionally a cross-linking agent such as an aldehyde, an acid anhydride or an epoxide, to link together the starch and protein of the cereal grain. The compositions may be used to make extruded or molded articles that are biodegradable, water-resistant, and have a high level of physical strength.

Abstract: A non-hygroscopic icing composition is disclosed. The icing comprises sugar, fat and an emulsifier as the main components, wherein 80% by weight or more of said sugar is particles passing through a 63 .mu.m mesh size sieve and 40% by weight or more of said sugar is particles having a size of from 32 .mu.m to 63 .mu.m and the sugar content in the icing is 50% by weight or more.

Abstract: A crystalline lactulose trihydrate having molecular formula of C.sub.12 H.sub.22 O.sub.11.3H.sub.2 O and a method for its manufacture, which comprises crystallization from a lactulose syrup at a temperature of 2.degree.-20.degree. C., the starting lactulose syrup having a lactulose content of 70-90% of a total solid matters by weight, and having been concentrated to the total solid matters of 65-75% by weight and a ratio of lactose to water of less than 10% by weight.

Abstract: This invention provides a starch derived from a single plant source, comprising less than 10%, optionally less than 5%, amylopectin. The starch additionally comprises at least 75% amylose, optionally at least 85% amylose, measured by butanol fractionation/exclusion chromatography measurement. In another aspect of this invention, the starch is extracted in substantially pure form from a starch bearing plant having a recessive amylose extender genotype that is associated with amylose extender modifying genes. The starch bearing plant from which the starch is extracted is preferably a maize plant.

Abstract: A method of treating hydrolyzate products of hydroxypropylated starch to remove low molecular weight off-flavor compounds is disclosed along with improved bulking agents produced by removal of off-flavor compounds and incorporation of low molecular weight hydrolyzate products.

Abstract: A sugar composition consisting of from 90 to 99% by weight sugar and from 10 to 1% by weight of a non-gelling water-soluble dietary fibre. The sugar composition has substantially the properties of normal sugar, but contains a significant amount of dietary fibre, with consequent health benefits. A novel type of soluble fibre derived from sugar beet and a method for preparing it are disclosed. The composition may take the form of a concentrate or syrup, or may be in particulate form. The particulate form may be used as a direct sugar substitute. The fibre used may be a novel fibre obtainable by treating sugar beet with water free from chemical reagents at ambient pressure and at an elevated temperature, for example from 95.degree.-98.degree. C.

Abstract: A shaped sugar cane product for use as chopsticks, garnish sticks, stir sticks and snack sticks made from sugar cane stalks. The method comprises billeting the stalks into desired lengths for the sticks, and then pressing the billets lengthwise against a cutter comprising a grid of intersecting cutting blades to produce finished sticks.

Abstract: The present invention relates to powdery crystalline cellulose having an average particle size ranging from 3 to 30 .mu.m and an average degree of polymerization ranging from 400 to 1,500. The powdery crystalline cellulose can be prepared according to a method comprising treating a starting cellulose material with a cellulase, subjecting the enzyme-treated cellulose material to acid hydrolysis under mild conditions, and then mechanically pulverizing the hydrolyzed cellulose material. The powdery crystalline cellulose is suitable for various applications of foods, cosmetics, medicines and various industrial products.

Abstract: A surface treating agent for an aluminum line pattern substrate is disclosed, comprising an aqueous solution containing 0.01 to 15% by weight of quaternary ammonium hydroxide represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a hydroxy-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and 0.1 to 20% by weight of sugar or sugar alcohol. This agent can inhibit the after-corrosion of aluminum effectively.

Abstract: An aqueous solution containing a high concentration of ginkgo leaf extract having good preservability is prepared. The aqueous solution containing ginkgo leaf extract comprises at least 1 weight % of a hydrous organic solvent extract obtained from ginkgo leaf, and further disaccharide alcohols and/or trisaccharide alcohols, and/or organic compounds having a basic nitrogen atom in the molecule and a solubility in water at normal temperature of at least 10 g/100 ml.

Abstract: Melt crystallized xylitol possesses an agglomerated crystalline structure under a scanning electron microscope; an increased surface area relative to aqueous crystallized xylitol, of at least about 0.12 square meters per gram; and unexpected hardness values when compressed into a tablet. Chewing gum compositions comprising such melt crystallized xylitol are much less tacky and gritty compared to gum compositions comprising equal proportions of conventional aqueous crystallized xylitol of similar particle size distribution.

Abstract: A hydrolyzate product of hydroxypropylated starch comprising greater than about 15% by weight DP 2-6 hydrolyzate polymers and characterized by a DE value of from about 20 to about 45 is disclosed which when combined with a high potency sweetener is useful as a reduced calorie replacement for sucrose and starch hydrolyzate products in food products.

Abstract: In an improved process for producing food products, such as confections, including milk and dark chocolate, a crystalline saccharide such as sucrose, and a fat such as cocoa butter, are blended with a minor amount of water. The blend is refined, such as by passing it through the nip of at least one pair of refining rolls, to produce particles having a size less than about 50 micrometers. The minor amount of water is effective to dissolve saccharide particles having a size less than about five micrometers. Subsequently, the refined product can be heated and agitated to evaporate the minor amount of water. The resulting semi-processed food ingredient is useful for producing food products having improved viscosity characteristics.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition comprising a crystalline sugar alcohol derived from at least one mono- or polysaccharide having uniformly dispersed within its crystal matrix particles of at least one pharmaceutically active compound is disclosed. Also disclosed is a method of producing such a uniformly dispersed pharmaceutical composition by the controlled crystallization of the molten sugar alcohol having the pharmaceutically active material dispersed therein.

Abstract: Mannitol having the crystalline form of gamma sorbitol is made by co-crystallizing relatively high mannitol containing sorbitol melt in a twin screw mixer. Tablets, chocolate and chewing gum made with the co-crystallized product offer improvements similar to those realized with pure crystalline components.

Abstract: A sustained-release granule of sugar comprising a core comprising primarily one or more of a monosaccharide, a disaccharide and a trisaccharide and an outer film comprising 10-90% by weight of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and 90-10% by weight of a wax. This sustained-release granule of sugar may be prepared by coating a core comprising primarily one or more of a monosaccharide, a disaccharide and a trisaccharide with a coating material comprising 10-90% by weight of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and 90-10% by weight of a wax by spraying a solution of the coating material onto the core while tumbling or fluidizing the core. The sustained-release granule of sugar can be applied in an artificial seed comprising an active plant tissue and the sustained-release granule of sugar which are encapsulated in a gel matrix.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a water-soluble square-planar cis-platinum(II) four-coordinate complex having the formula:trans-R,R-DACH Pt(II) X.sub.2ortrans-R,R-DACH Pt(II) Ywherein X is a monovalvent cation, two of which are present, selected from the group consisting of cyclopropanecarboxylato, shikimato, saccharatolactone, galacturonato and N,N-dimethyglycinato; wherein Y is a divalent cation selected from the group consisting of citraconato, 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato, 1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylato, isocitratolactone and Z-iminodiacetato where Z is bound to the nitrogen and is ethyl, propyl, Isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, ter-butyl, n-amyl, isoamyl or OH.In one preferred aspect the water-soluble square-planar cis-platinum(II) four-coordinate complex has the formula:trans-R,R-DACH Pt(II) X.sub.2wherein X is a monovalent cation. Two X substituents are present in the platinum complex.

Abstract: The present invention is to solve a variety of problems relative to conventional lactitol crystals and relates to a trihydrate crystal of lactitol having a molecular formula C.sub.12 H.sub.24 O.sub.11 .multidot.3H.sub.2 O and a melting point of 52.degree.-56.degree. C., a crystalline mixture solid containing it and a process for producing them.

Abstract: A method for improving the properties of particles of a starch hydrolyzate product made by the partial hydrolysis of cereal and root based starches. Particles of starting material are blended with a volatile liquid other than water, and the resulting blend is compacted in a roller compactor without extraneous lubricant, to form a sheet. The sheet is broken into small particles which are sieved and dried. The resulting particles are non-spherical, appear crystalline under a light microscope and have a surface topography comprising cracks, crevices and fissures. These particles have good solubility, a bulk density comparable to the starting material, and no flow or dusting problems.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a gel product, wherein the reducing sugar is covalently coupled to the matrix of the gel product, characterized in that the sugar, through its reducing end, is coupled to a matrix provided with amino groups to form a glycosyl amine which is then stabilized by acylation to the formation of a glycosyl amide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improvement in the alpha-amylase method of hydrolyzing a heated slurry of raw starch into starch fragments, the improvement comprising adding a hydrolytically effective amount of the enzyme, glucoamylase, to the reaction slurry.The present invention further relates to a method for the production of high solids dextrim adhesives from raw starch. In carrying out the invention, an aqueous slurry containing raw starch is subjected to hydrolysis at an elevated temperature by the action of two thermally stable enzymes, alpha-amylase and glucoamylase. Once the viscosity of the reaction slurry is reduced to 1000-2000 centipoise as determined by a Brookfield viscometer at 20 rpm, 100.degree. F., and at 45-55% solids (approximately 2.5 hrs.), the enzymes are then inactivated and the reaction is complete. The rheological properties of the resulting slurry can be adjusted as needed.

Abstract: A process is provided for treating aqueous carbohydrate solutions with phospholipase enzyme compositions to improve the filterability and clarity of the filtrate of such solutions.

Abstract: Polysaccharides are at least partially hydrolyzed by contact with a composition containing urea, sulfuric acid, and water in which the urea/sulfuric acid molar ratio is less than 2. Such proportions of urea and sulfuric acid assure the presence of the monourea adduct of sulfuric acid. The polysaccharide can be hydrolyzed to an extent sufficient only to hydrate the polysaccharide to produce a hydrated polysaccharide such as hydrated cellulose, or it can be completely hydrolyzed to its constituent monosaccharides. Thus, cellulose can be converted to glucose.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of a heteropolysaccharide comprising glucose, galactose, pyruvic and succinic acid, is prepared by mixing a concentrate of said heteropolysaccharide with a saline aqueous medium containing from 12 to 30% w of at least one salt, and by shearing the mixture obtained.

Abstract: Starch hydrolyzates having a dextrose equivalent value of not more than about 25 which contain up to about 20% glucose by weight and up to about 40% maltose by weight, with the combination of glucose and maltose not exceeding about 40% by weight of the composition.

Abstract: A substantially pure starch extracted from a starch bearing plant having an amylose extender dull shrunken-1 genotype is disclosed. Maize is the preferred plant. A sol foodstuff containing the starch are disclosed.

Abstract: Low D.E. starch hydrolyzates which can be readily filtered are obtained from non-waxy starches by treatment with bacterial alpha-amylase for an extended period at a temperature above about 95.degree. C.

Abstract: A binder-diluent for direct compression tableting based on pulverized crystalline fructose is prepared by granulating the fructose with a small amount of a disaccharide syrup such as maltose syrup.

Abstract: Low D.E. starch hydrolyzates which can be readily filtered are obtained from non-waxy starches by treatment with bacterial alpha-amylase for an extended period at a temperature above about 95.degree. C.

Abstract: A low-calorific and low-cariogenic sweetener, and processes for the preparation and use thereof, are described, said sweetener comprising oligosaccharides having from 1 to 4 molecules of fructose bound to sucrose.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for complexing a metal cation and a saccharide to form thereby a cation-saccharide salt. Upon instantly solidifying and dehydrating particles of said cation-saccharide compound, a highly microporous material results, said material being capable of adsorbing large volumes of volatile flavor/aroma or gaseous compounds.

Abstract: Isomaltulose is of use for direct compression of tablets.

Abstract: A method is provided for complexing low molecular weight saccharides with an inorganic anioncation complex so that the metallic cation of said complex causes the aggregation of the saccharides to form a complex. The complex is separated via spray drying with the resultant complex displaying a resistance to humidity and an increased flowability.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of honey powder preserving its natural aroma substances comprises(a) kneading 1 part by weight of honey, 0.8 part by weight of starch, pre-hydrolyzed starch or flour and 0.1-0.3 part by weight of cyclodextrin to yield a homogeneous mixture, subjecting the mixture thus obtained to thermal treatment at 100.degree. C. for 20 minutes, disintegrating the hot product obtained after thermal treatment, drying the product at a temperature of 50.degree.-55.degree. C., for 10-50 hours, adding 0.01-1.0% by weight of hydrophobic colloidal silicic acid or alkali earth stearate and grinding it to a powder; or(b) admixing 1 part by weight of honey with 6 parts by weight of a hot saturated aqueous cyclodextrin solution, freezing the homogeneous solution thus obtained, subjecting the product to lyphilization, adding 0.01-1.0% by weight of hydrophobic colloidal silicic acid or alkali earth stearate to the lyophilized product and grinding it to a powder.

Abstract: Cariogenic substances such as foodstuffs are treated to incorporate a soluble source of calcium or phosphate ions to provide a product of calcium and phosphate ion concentrations in fluids of salivary retention areas preclusive of carious dissolution of dental enamel. In non-aqueous foodstuffs, the calcium or phosphate ion source should be at least as rapidly soluble as cariogenic, e.g., carbohydrate, components therein. Also provided are mouth rinse solutions comprising a soluble source of calcium or phosphate ions and an osmotically active agent effective in delivering such ions to fluids trapped in salivary retention areas.

Abstract: A polysaccharide contains D-glucose as main constitutive sugar according to gas chromatography carried out through methylation in accordance with the Hakomori's method; and hydrolysis and to paper chromatography carried out through acid hydrolysis shows G.sup.1 .fwdarw.:.fwdarw..sup.3 G.sup.1 .fwdarw.:.fwdarw..sup.3 G.sub.6.sup.1 .fwdarw.=0.38-0.43:0.14-0.24:0.38-0.43 in gas chromatographic mass spectrometry (GC-MS method); has the signal of C.sub.1 at 103 ppm as measured from a .sup.13 C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum; shows characteristic absorption at 1720 cm.sup.-1 -1760 cm.sup.-1 and 890 cm.sup.-1 in an infrared absorption spectrum; has number average molecular weight between 50,000 and 500,000 as measured by the osmotic pressure; has a specific rotation [.alpha.].sub.D.sup.25 between +20 and +70; consists 42.0 to 45.0% of carbon, 5.7 to 6.7% of hydrogen, 0 to 1.0% of nitrogen, 0.2 to 0.8% of ash content and the rest of oxygen according to the results of an elementary analysis; contains 4.0 to 6.

Abstract: Converted starches, which with water form gels having a neutral taste and perferably a creamy, smooth consistency, are suitable as fat-and/or oil-replacements in various foodstuffs, especially high fat-and/or oil-containing foodstuffs such as ice cream and mayonnaise.The starches (e.g., tapioca, corn, or potato) have a DE of less than 5 and their aqueous dispersions have a hot flow viscosity of at least about 10 sec. at 10-50% solids, and they are capable of forming gels having a strength of at least about 25 g. within 24 hrs. and 4.degree. C. at 10-50% solids. The preferred starches are tapioca dextrins having a DE of about 2 or less and hot flow viscosity and gel strength of about 20-100 sec. and 65-930 g. at 25-35% solids. Acid- and enzyme-converted starches are also suitable.

Abstract: A maltodextrin phosphorylase limit dextrin in the presence of maltodextrin phosphorylase and inorganic phosphate, is used as a substrate for alpha-amylase, which initiates a series of enzymatic reactions resulting in a chromogen response which can be used to measure the concentration of alpha-amylase in a body fluid. A novel limit dextrin and its preparation also are described.

Abstract: A process for the production of a low D.E. maltodextrin product having a bland non-sweet taste which includes the steps of (1) cooking non-waxy starch in the presence of alpha-amylase to gelatinize and liquefy the starch, (2) dextrinizing the liquefied starch hydrolyzate with alpha-amylase at a temperature above about 93.degree. C. until a D.E. within the range of 10-13 is obtained, (3) stopping the dextrinization reaction by the addition of sufficient mineral acid to inactivate the enzyme within about 30-60 minutes while maintaining the hydrolyzate temperature at least above about 93.degree. C., and then (4) refining the low D.E. maltodextrin while maintaining the hydrolyzate at a temperature of at least above 76.degree. C. until a dry product is obtained. The dry product is preferably produced by spray drying.

Abstract: This invention relates to a starch hydrolysate which can be optionally hydrogenated as well as the process for preparing said hydrolysate and uses thereof.Its glucidic spectrum corresponds to:a content of monosaccharides (DP=1) less than 14%,a content of disaccharides (DP=2) less than 35%, preferably less than 20%,a content of oligosaccharides of DP 4 to DP 10 ranging from 42% to 70%, preferably from 42 to 60%, the oligosaccharides of DP 5 to DP 7 representing by themselves a proportion preferably higher than 25% and more preferably higher than 30%,a content of polysaccharides of DP higher than 10, less than 32%, and preferably less than 25%.The hydrolysate is useful in the preparation notably of human foodstuff.

Abstract: A cocrystallized sugar-nut product and a method for preparing such product are disclosed. A concentrated sugar syrup is prepared through evaporation, and nuts, chopped or finely divided, with or without additional food ingredients, are added to the concentrated syrup with vigorous mechanical agitation or impact beating within a crystallization zone. A cocrystallized sugar-nut product is produced, comprising aggregates of sugar crystals in intimate association with the nuts and any food ingredient. The cocrystallized sugar-nut product is dry, stable, free-flowing and possesses functional food ingredient characteristics, such as fondant quality and extrusion and compaction capabilities. The cocrystallized sugar-nut product, additionally, is capable of being dispersed in water.

Abstract: Cariogenic substances such as foodstuffs are treated to incorporate a soluble source of calcium or phosphate ions to provide a product of calcium and phosphate ion concentrations in fluids of salivary retention areas preclusive of carious dissolution of dental enamel. In non-aqueous foodstuffs, the calcium or phosphate ion source should be at least as rapidly soluble as cariogenic, e.g., carbohydrate, components therein. Also provided are mouth rinse solutions comprising a soluble source of calcium or phosphate ions and an osmotically active agent effective in delivering such ions to fluids trapped in salivary retention areas.