Abstract: A pair of levers are provided extending from a common junction to free tips which are spaced from each other. The junction is coupled to a valve of a faucet, with such a coupling either being direct or with intervening structures. The valve can be controlled by a user manual gripping and applying force to either the first lever or the second lever. The levers are sufficiently far apart that a user can control the valve while only touching one of the levers. The junction can be removably attachable to a control knob coupled to the valve or can be built into the faucet. The two levers are preferably elongate in form and preferably include indicia thereon indicating that one of the levers should be used first and the other of the levers should be used last. In one embodiment, the indicia include the wording “dirty” and “clean.

Abstract: Related to are a device and a method for performing continuous carbonation and impurity removal for xylose mother liquor.

Abstract: The invention relates to solid medium for producing glucosamine, including a substrate and 0.15-4.8 mL/g substrate of supplemental solution, which includes 0.1-2 g/L KH2PO4, 0.1-2 g/L NaCl, and 0.1-2 g/L MgSO4.7H2O. The invention also relates to a method for producing glucosamine, including providing microorganism being able to produce glucosamine, and fermenting the microorganism in the medium mentioned above.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of producing decolorized beet products and compositions produced therefrom. In some implementations, the decolorized beet product is decolorized beetroot juice.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method for carbonation with CO2. The method now disclosed describes the use of a static or dynamic mixer to react the CO2 with the incoming of nation liquor to whom Ca(OH)2 was previously added and readily starts the precipitation of tiny carbonate crystals. This solution can be advantageously used to compensate the deficit of CO2 in the carbonation process. This method for carbonation can be applied for example in the sugar refining industry.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved method for the purification of crude sugar beet juice. The present invention relates moreover to methods for the manufacture of non-sucrose substance combinations from crude sugar beet juice, as well as two devices for the purification of crude sugar beet juice. The measures according to the invention allow a reduction of lime consumption during the purification.

Abstract: A fuel filter comprises a filter housing, a filter assembly positioned within said filter housing, a fuel inlet adapted to receive fuel into the filter housing, and a fuel outlet. The filter assembly may have a first end cap, a second end cap, and a filter element positioned therebetween. The filter element may comprise a particulate filter component and a water sensing component, the water sensing component having a center tube, a water sensing layer, and a screen. The water sensing layer may wrap around at least a portion of the center tube and be secured in place by the screen. The water sensing layer comprises a gelling and thickening agent, such as methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose. In operation, the fuel filter is configured to direct fuel received at the fuel inlet to the fuel outlet by way of the water sensing component and the particulate filter component.

Abstract: The invention concerns an improved method for purification of raw sugar beet juice, which is obtained by extraction from sugar beets, and to devices for purification of raw sugar beet juice. The invention further concerns a method for producing sucrose syrup or sucrose from raw sugar beet raw.

Abstract: A process for cold clarification of juice is described. A sugar cane or beet juice clarification process to clarify raw juice by means of aeration of fresh raw juice, addition of milk or lime, anionic and/or cationic flocculants, particularly together with a carbonating process, addition of phosphoric acid and then passing the juice through activated carbon bed is described. The process eliminates the need to heat the juice at any stage thus making it more cost effective, energy saving and gives better yield in terms of quality and quantity both. The recycling of defecated, carbonated and phosphated filtered juice and carbonated and phosphated mud that reduces the consumption of lime, CO2 and phosphoric acid up to some extent is described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved method of drying the extracted beet chips and means and equipment for carrying out the method, with emphasis especially on the reduction of the emission of organic carbon compounds during the chip drying stage and on the reduction of the primary energy consumption.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved method for the purification of crude sugar beet juice. The present invention relates moreover to methods for the manufacture of non-sucrose substance combinations from crude sugar beet juice, as well as two devices for the purification of crude sugar beet juice. The measures according to the invention allow a reduction of lime consumption during the purification.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method for heat treatment of a biomass includes allowing biomass in a pretreatment reactor to undergo a pre-treatment reaction process. The pre-treatment reaction process yields pretreated biomass along with soluble components. A first liquid having a first temperature is transported into the pretreatment reactor and the pretreated biomass elevates the first temperature to a second temperature. At least a portion of the soluble components are captured in the first liquid, and the at least a portion of the soluble components in the first liquid and the first liquid are removed from the pretreatment reactor. A second liquid having a third temperature is transported into the pretreatment reactor and the pretreated biomass elevates the third temperature to a fourth temperature, the fourth temperature being less than second temperature.

Abstract: A method for preparing a sugar syrup having high fructose content, is implemented using at least one fruit containing sorbitol, particularly apples, pears, plums, prunes, peaches, nectarines, apricots and grapes, from which a first juice is extracted. The first juice is processed in order to obtain a clarified and demineralised sweet juice having a colour lower than 45 ICUMSA and having a conductometric ash content lower than 0.4%. The clarified and demineralised sweet juice is then processed in order to hydrolyse the saccharose into fructose and glucose. The method further includes an isomerisation of the glucose in fructose, and removing the sorbitol naturally occurring in the starting material.

Abstract: A process for obtaining one or more than one salt of an organic acid(s), or organic acid(s), from an aqueous sugar stream comprising one or more than one mineral acid and the organic acid(s) is provided. The process comprises introducing the aqueous sugar stream to a separation system comprising one or more beds of anion exchange resin and obtaining a stream therefrom comprising the sugar. The one or more beds of anion exchange resin are then regenerated in one or more stages to produce at least one product stream comprising the organic acid, a salt of the organic acid, or a combination thereof, and a separate outlet stream comprising the mineral acid, a salt of the mineral acid, or a combination thereof. The product stream is then recovered. The separation may be conducted with two separation units, or using a single anion exchange unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved method for the purification of crude sugar beet juice. The present invention relates moreover to methods for the manufacture of non-sucrose substance combinations from crude sugar beet juice, as well as two devices for the purification of crude sugar beet juice. The measures according to the invention allow a reduction of lime consumption during the purification.

Abstract: A process to clarify raw sugar cane juice, which comprises adding a source of lime, adding an anionic inorganic colloid or polyacyrlamide, and carbonating.

Abstract: A process system that uses a reduced amount of lime or other base to clarify or purify juice or other process liquid (1) obtained from plant material (2) such as sugar cane, sugar beets, or sweet sorghum. Specifically, apparatus and methods to reduce volatile materials in juice or other process liquid (1) to increase pH requiring the use of less lime or other base to achieve the desired pH values for clarification or purification in subsequent steps, such as preliming (33).

Abstract: A process system that uses a reduced amount of lime or other base to clarify or purify juice obtained from plant material such as sugar cane, sugar beets, or sweet sorghum. Specifically, apparatus and methods to reduce volatile materials in juice providing a product that has an increased pH requiring the use of less lime or other base to achieve the desired pH values for clarification or purification.

Abstract: A process system that uses a reduced amount of lime or other base to clarify or purify juice obtained from plant material such as sugar cane, sugar beets, or sweet sorghum. Specifically, apparatus and methods to reduce volatile materials in juice providing a product that has an increased pH requiring the use of less lime or other base to achieve the desired pH values for clarification or purification.

Abstract: A process system that uses a reduced amount of lime or other base to clarify or purify juice obtained from plant material such as sugar cane, sugar beets, or sweet sorghum. Specifically, apparatus and methods to reduce volatile materials in juice providing a product that has an increased pH requiring the use of less lime or other base to achieve the desired pH values for clarification or purification.

Abstract: The precipitation and removal of suspended organic containing particles, such as starch, and other suspended solids from a given solution can be accomplished by the addition of multivalent metal ions and their complexes in order to form metal ion/organic particle complexes and the addition of a flocculating agent to flocculate the metal ion/organic particle complexes into insoluble particles capable of removal by conventional technology.

Abstract: A process for purifying cane sugar from an aqueous composition thereof comprises the steps of (a) contacting an aqueous cane sugar feed composition with sufficient lime to increase the pH of the composition to at least about 9.5; (b) filtering the composition through a membrane having a pore size no greater than about 0.5 microns and having a molecular weight cutoff no less than about 5 kD, thereby producing a retentate and a permeate; and (c) contacting the permeate with sufficient carbon dioxide, or other materials designed to precipitate calcium and lower the pH, to adjust the pH to about 6.5-9.0. The feed composition preferably is cane juice, cane syrup, an aqueous composition of raw sugar, a cane sugar refinery stream, or a mixture of one or more such materials.

Abstract: A sugar refining process uses carbon dioxide obtained from a module containing a plurality of gas-permeable polymeric membranes. Flue gas from a boiler is scrubbed, and then passed through the gas-separation module. The output of the module contains an enhanced concentration of carbon dioxide, in the range of about 20% by volume. The carbon dioxide enhanced gas is then directed into a reactor in which raw sugar is exposed to carbon dioxide to cause carbonation, an essential step in the decolorization of the raw sugar. The same boiler used to produce the carbon dioxide is also used to produce steam which drives the reaction. The present invention provides carbon dioxide for carbonation in a highly efficient manner, as the gas separation membrane has no moving parts and requires little maintenance. The invention is especially suited for retrofitting existing sugar refining plants, to improve their efficiency, at a relatively small cost.

Abstract: A method of providing a stabilized sugar cane juice product for use in soft drinks, that includes providing cleaned sugar cane sticks and extracting cane juice from the sticks. Thereafter, the extracted cane juice is acidified immediately upon extraction by feeding it into a solution comprising ascorbic acid for preventing discoloration of the cane juice and also by feeding it simultaneously into an acidic solution of one of citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, phosphoric acid and a mixture thereof, for lowering the pH of the cane juice below a pH of 5. Furthermore, one of a sodium citrate solution, a potassium citrate solution, a sodium phosphate di-basic solution or a mixture thereof, is added to the cane juice for stabilizing it. The cane juice is then coagulated and flocculated to remove unwanted foulants and aromas.

Abstract: Diffusion juice of a sugar plant is heated under stable sucrose conditions, notably alkaline pH, and held above 70.degree. C. for sufficient duration to effect significant agglomeration. The agglomerated particulates are removed by phase separation procedures, leaving a clarified juice containing a very low, typically 0.1-0.5 volume percent, solids load.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for decolorization of solutions of sugars, sugar alcohols and betaine. In accordance with the process, a polyaluminium chloride is added to a solution of sugar, sugar alcohol or betaine having a dry substance content of 10 to 70% by weight and a temperature of 60 to 105.degree. C. in a suitable amount so as to obtain a mixture having a pH of 5.5 to 9.5, thereby precipitating the coloured substances, and the formed precipitate is separated from the solution. The invention also relates to the use of a polyaluminium chloride for decolorization of solutions of sugars, sugar alcohols and betaine.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a process for refining raw sugar comprising the steps of: (a) dissolving either washed raw sugar or raw sugar directly to produce a melter liquor; (b) clarifying the melter liquor; (c) crystallising the melter liquor to produce a mixture of a very low colour intermediate sugar and a syrup; (d) separating the very low colour intermediate sugar from the syrup; (e) redissolving the separated very low colour intermediate sugar to produce a fine liquor; (f) filtering the fine liquor to remove any foreign particles which may have contaminated the sugar produced in step (d); and (g) crystallising refined sugar from the fine liquor. The invention is also related to a process for producing very low colour (VLC) intermediate sugar by the steps of (a) to (d) defined above.

Abstract: An efficient method for manufacturing a purified juice product from sugar beets. Untreated beet juice is initially prelimed using lime and CaCO.sub.3 to produce a prelimed juice product. Instead of subjecting the prelimed product to main liming and dual carbonation stages, the product is delivered to a porous filtration membrane which allows sugar molecules to pass therethrough which preventing the passage of solid matter and dissolved impurities. Optimum results are achieved if the prelimed product flows across the membrane from end to end. The membrane permeate is thereafter combined with CO.sub.2(g) in a single carbonation stage to remove dissolved lime. This step generates a purified juice product which can be processed to manufacture pure crystalline sugar. The membrane retentate can be combined with water and refiltered to collect residual sugar materials. The foregoing process uses less energy and raw materials (e.g. lime) compared with conventional methods.

Abstract: Solid residues formed as byproducts during the refining of sugars (e.g., beet sugar or cane sugar) are employed to sorb acidic gases such as oxides of sulfur or nitrogen. Calcines of the solid residues can also be used. Sorption of acidic gases from gaseous mixtures containing acidic gases is thus accomplished.

Abstract: A beet juice treatment method in which reaction products are recycled. Beet juice is first prelimed with lime and CaCO.sub.3 to produce first and second juice fractions. The second fraction contains flocculated materials, and is combined with CO.sub.2. Solid flocs and calcium carbonate reaction products are removed from the second fraction. The second fraction and first fraction are then recombined to produce a third juice fraction which is combined with lime in a main liming stage for additional purification. The third fraction is then supplied with additional CO.sub.2 to generate a CaCO.sub.3 sludge product. The sludge product is divided into first and second portions. The first portion is reused in the preliming stage. The second portion is converted to regenerated lime for reuse in the main liming stage and possibly the preliming stage. These steps reduce waste production and provide economic benefits.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for softening and purifying molasses or syrup to obtain a clarified syrup that can then easily be handled by conventional ion-exclusion or other techniques for recovery of sugar. The process comprises steps that can be performed at ambient temperature. The molasses or syrup is carbonated at high pH, followed by adding organic solvent(s) such as ethanol. The sludge and liquid phases are separated. The solvent is then recovered, leaving a liquid phase comprising a soft and very clear sugar-containing liquid. The liquid phase may then be used in known systems for sugar recovery such as ion-exclusion chromatographic systems. Organic acids such as aconitic acid may be recovered from the sludge residue.

Abstract: A non-toxic composition, and method, for the clarification of raw sugar-containing juices, especially sugar cane juice, and related products, for analysis. A composition constituted of A) aluminum chloride hydroxide, B) lime and C) activated bentonite, bentonite containing calcium aluminum silicate, and preferably also a polymeric flocculating agent, has been found highly effective as a reagent for the clarification of sugar-containing juices, notably sugar cane juice, and related products.

Abstract: A non-toxic composition, and method, for the clarification of raw sugar-containing juices, especially sugar cane juice, and related products, for analysis. A composition constituted of A) aluminum chloride hydroxide, B) lime and C) activated bentonite, bentonite containing calcium aluminum silicate, and preferably also a polymeric flocculating agent, has been found highly effective as a reagent for the clarification of sugar-containing juices, notably sugar cane juice, and related products.

Abstract: A process for preparing lactulose from lactose in which an aqueous lactose mixture is reacted with a sodium aluminate solution and the solution obtained is continuously neutralized by feeding this solution and a sulphuric acid solution to a reactor simultaneously in such a manner as to obtain a pH of between 4.5 and 8.By operating in this manner an aluminium hydroxide suspension is obtained which can be easily separated from the lactulose solution.

Abstract: A process for the removal of non-sugar impurities from beet diffusion juice having essentially no beet tissue particles therein and comprising water, sugar, and dissolved and colloidal non-sugar impurities. The diffusion juice is subjected to a progressive preliming procedure to thereby produce a limed first juice fraction containing non-sugar flocs and a limed, floc-free second juice fraction. The fractions are separated and the floc-free fraction is subjected to cold and hot main liming. Subsequently, and without substantial mechanical or chemical degradation, at least a portion of the first juice fraction containing at least a portion of the non-sugar flocs is united with the main-limed second juice fraction in a first carbonation procedure wherein carbon dioxide reacts with the lime present to produce calcium carbonate precipitate which, in addition to being an adsorption filter aid, forms protective scales around the floc particles.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing highly pure rhamnose from gum arabic, which the process comprises after partially hydrolyzing gum arabic in an aqueous solution of a mineral acid, neutralyzing and condensing the liquid hydrolyzate, thereby obtaining an aqueous solution containing from 40 to 70% by weight of organic substances, adding a polar organic solvent in an amount of from 5 to 20 times by volume of the amount of the aqueous solution, thereby precipitating an insolubilized substance, removing the insolubilized substance from a mixture of the aqueous solution and the polar organic solvent, removing the polar organic solvent from the mixture, thereby obtaining an aqueous solution containing monosaccharides formed by the hydrolysis of gum arabic, and subjecting the thus obtained aqueous solution to strongly cationic ion-exchanging resin-chromatography and then to a method of adsorption and separation by using activated carbon, thereby obtaining the highly pure rhamnose from the aqueous solution.

Abstract: In a process for the production of sugar thick juice from lime-containing raw juice and wherein carbon dioxide and soda are added to the lime-containing raw juice in at least one carbonation step, and wherein the thin juice is preheated and evaporated to form thick juice, ammonia in the form of gaseous spent heating medium originating from the preheating of the thin juice is added to the lime-containing raw juice. The method of the invention results in a reduction of the consumption of soda in the carbonation step and in an increased sugar yield.

Abstract: Lime-treated juice in a sugar plant is carbonated in a first stage and a second stage with a carbon dioxide-containing gas to remove lime and impurities therefrom. Exhaust gas from the second stage is recycled to the first stage. Heat can be recovered from exhaust gas from the first stage and from the second stage.

Abstract: A method for producing L-sugars including L-idose and L-gulose as well as D-fructose from D-glucose. The method comprises epimerizing D-glucose to a mixture of D-glucose and D-mannose, hydrogenating the mixture in a fixed catalyst bed to provide D-sorbitol and D-mannitol, separating the D-mannitol by fractional crystallization, oxydizing separately the D-sorbitol and D-mannitol to provide L-sorbose and D-fructose, respectively; and racemizing the L-sorbose in a weak alkaline solution to provide a mixture of L-sorbose, L-idose and L-gulose, and precipitating the remaining L-sorbose with a dilute lime solution. The unconverted L-sorbose is recovered and recycled.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for refining sugar solutions with magnesia wherein magnesia used for refining of a sugar solution is calcined together with pearlite and/or diatomaceous earth at least in an amount of the same weight as that of the magnesia and the resulting calcined mixture is used for refining of the sugar solution again.

Abstract: To recover amino acids from raw sugar juice, as obtained in beet extraction, the juice is treated with acid or with lime to coagulate impurities which are separated off. The juice may be treated before or after coagulation with a pectin-cleaving enzyme. The juice so pretreated can be directly passed through a strong cation exchanger and a weak anion exchanger whereby the amino acids are adsorbed. Switchover to a new cation exchanger is initiated when betaine flows out the column. Elution is effected, preferably with an ammonium compound, and eluate is collected, preferably each fraction being enriched in a different amino acid. The sugar juice may be concentrated and crystallized in known manner and is of comparatively high purity.

Abstract: Method of treating fresh sugar juice at about room temperature which includes removing non-sugar impurities, concentrating the resulting cold, water white juice by reverse osmosis to form a syrup which is evaporated to form direct white sugar and edible molasses. Also a method of treating sugar cane juice with oxalic acid.

Abstract: An improved process in the production of sugar is provided by adding to a sugar solution prior to crystallization calcium acid phosphate, followed by the addition of soda ash. Optionally, in a third step sodium hydrosulfite is added. The resulting sugar is of a high grade, being light colored and substantially free of impurities.

Abstract: A process for treating a raw sugar-containing juice which includes liming, adding hydrogen peroxide, carbonating, filtering the juice to remove the thusly produced calcium carbonate and contacting the filtered juice with SO.sub.2. The treatment results in a decolorized juice which is rendered thermally stable relative to further color formation; the viscosity and the bacterial content of the juice are reduced.

Abstract: A method for decalcifying raw sugar juice by the addition of active MgO to the final carbonation gassing vessel, carbonating to an alkalinity of about 0.01% CaO equivalent, and then re-alkalizing in a secondary reaction vessel with additional active MgO to an alkalinity of about 0.025% CaO equivalent.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for treating fresh, unheated sugar cane juice which involves adding a sufficient amount of an aqueous alkaline slurry containing powdered active carbon to the juice to raise the pH of the juice to 6.8-8.5. The resulting mud is separated and a water white juice is obtained. The water white juice is concentrated to form a direct white sugar and an edible molasses having a natural maple flavor and odor. The juice may be subjected to a preliminary cyclone separation and the sugar cane from which the juice is obtained may be subjected to a steam-cleaning operation to remove cane wax and dirt.