Abstract: Described herein are a system for providing oxygen to oxygen masks in an aircraft, and an associated method for regulating the oxygen flow in an efficient manner. The system has an oxygen tank, oxygen masks, first and second oxygen lines, and an electrically controllable valve. The valve is coupled to the oxygen tank and the two oxygen lines. The oxygen masks are coupled to the oxygen lines downstream of the valve to accommodate the transfer of oxygen from the oxygen tank via the valve. In a working state when an electrical signal is applied the valve produces a connection between the oxygen tank and the first oxygen line when required, and permanently prevents a connection between the oxygen tank and the second oxygen line. When in a rest state, the valve produces a permanent connection between the oxygen tank and the second oxygen line.

Abstract: A system for fuel tank inerting includes a humid on-board inert gas generating system coupled with a proton exchange membrane dryer. The on-board inert gas generating system produces humid inert gas, which is dried by the proton exchange membrane dryer prior to use in a fuel system for inerting.

Abstract: An oscillating positive expiratory pressure system including an oscillating positive expiratory pressure device having a chamber, an input component in communication with the chamber, wherein the input component is operative to sense a flow and/or pressure and generate an input signal correlated to the flow or pressure, a processor operative to receive the input signal from the input component and generate an output signal, and an output component operative to receive the output signal, and display an output.

Abstract: An aircraft emergency oxygen dispensing device includes an oxygen storage vessel having a frangible pressure seal, and a manifold, a pressure regulator, one or more flow control valves connected to the oxygen storage vessel. The manifold includes an initiator for breaking the pressure seal to initiate a flow of oxygen. A flow controller controls the flow control valves to dispense small quantities of oxygen by a pulse oxygen system or a modulated oxygen system based on ambient cabin air pressure. In the pulse oxygen system, the flow controller further controls the flow control valves based on input from at least one breathing mask air pressure sensor that monitors the breathing of a user.

Abstract: An oxygen box is secured in an oxygen box hole through a panel of an aircraft cabin by fasteners that are positioned in an interior volume of the oxygen box and are inserted through holes in a back wall of the oxygen box that are aligned with fastener openings in an exterior bracket positioned behind the panel and behind the oxygen box opening where the fasteners are received by the fastener openings in the exterior bracket and the fasteners removably attach the oxygen box to the exterior bracket.

Abstract: An on-board aircraft nitrogen enriched air and cooling fluid generation system and method are disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes a first heat exchanger which is configured to receive pressurized air from a source of pressurized air. Further, the first heat exchanger cools the pressurized air to a temperature in the range of ?120° C. to ?70° C. Furthermore, the system includes a separation unit is configured and dimensioned to communicate with the first heat exchanger. The separation unit generates nitrogen enriched air from the cooled air at the temperature range of ?120° C. and ?70° C.

Abstract: The auxiliary breathing flow channel apparatus for an oxygen mask for pilots and crew of an airplane includes a flow control device with closed and open positions to regulate flow through an auxiliary channel. A pressure sensor such as an aneroid capsule automatically closes the auxiliary channel upon a decrease in cabin pressure. A handle also allows a user to manually move the flow regulating means to a closed position.

Abstract: Passenger aircraft includes seats, display screens facing the seats, and oxygen masks. When oxygen masks are deployed, imperative imagery is displayed that urges the passenger to at least don their oxygen mask, then optionally help others, etc. In some of these embodiments, the passenger aircraft further includes input devices. Each passenger can enter an input that indicates they have donned the mask, so as to see further imagery for guidance. These inputs could be stored in the flight data recorder for subsequent analysis. In some embodiments, passengers enter self-reported data using the input devices. The self-reported data can be stored in the flight data recorder for subsequent analysis of situations, such as when oxygen masks have been deployed.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for selecting an emergency descent rate for an aircraft based on the rate of depressurization in the cabin of the aircraft. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of detecting a depressurization warning for the cabin of the aircraft, and determining a rate of depressurization inside the cabin. The method further includes selecting a rate for an emergency descent for the aircraft in response to the depressurization warning based on the rate of depressurization inside the cabin, and initiating the emergency descent at the selected rate.

Abstract: The present invention describes methods and systems to provide a liquid oxygen delivery system that efficiently delivers therapeutic oxygen in accordance with a patient's respiratory cycle. An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a portable liquid oxygen delivery system having a liquid oxygen device, an oxygen conserving device, and an accumulator device. The portable liquid oxygen delivery system has a collective gaseous oxygen volume and the accumulator device is enabled to actuate and reduce the collective gaseous oxygen volume.

Abstract: A portable mechanical ventilator having a Roots blower is configured to provide a desired gas flow and pressure to a patient circuit. The mechanical ventilator includes a flow meter operative to measure gas flow produced by the Roots blower and an exhalation control module configured to operate an exhalation valve connected to the patient circuit. A bias valve connected between the Roots blower and the patient circuit is specifically configured to generate a bias pressure relative to the patient circuit pressure at the exhalation control module. The bias valve is further configured to attenuate pulsating gas flow produced by the Roots blower such that gas flowing to the mass flow meter exhibits a substantially constant pressure characteristic. The bias pressure facilitates closing of the exhalation valve at the start of inspiration, regulates positive end expiratory pressure during exhalation, and purges sense lines via a pressure transducer module.

Abstract: A system and method for an adaptable oxygen regulator with an electronic control device is disclosed. In one embodiment, an oxygen regulator system includes an electronic control device which includes a non-volatile memory for storing a first reference point. The electronic control device also includes a pressure sensor configured for generating pressure data of the pressurized aircraft cabin. The electronic control device further includes a logical control unit for generating a control signal by processing the first reference point and the pressure data. Further, the electronic control unit includes a rotary actuator for generating a rotary displacement based on the control signal. Moreover, the oxygen regulator system includes a demand dilution oxygen regulator coupled to the electronic control unit and configured to control the supply of oxygen and the flow of dilution air from the pressurized aircraft cabin based on the control signal.

Abstract: There is provided a regulation valve for a life support system for use in an aircraft cabin. The valve may have a gas inlet, an air mask supply outlet connected to the gas inlet, and a pressure vest branch interconnected between the gas inlet and an opening. The valve may further have a decompression valve adapted to inhibit gas flow from the pressure vest branch to the air mask supply outlet if pressure in the aircraft cabin decreases below a predetermined value, a one-way valve adapted to inhibit gas flow from the pressure vest branch to the air mask supply outlet at a predetermined pressure difference between the pressure vest branch and the gas inlet, and a one-way dump valve adapted to direct gas from the pressure vest branch to the environment at the predetermined pressure difference between the pressure vest branch and the gas inlet.

Abstract: An apparatus for deploying oxygen masks that includes a pre-packaged modular system that does not require manual repacking of oxygen masks by aircraft technicians. The cartridge is for use with a manifold having a passageway in fluid communication with a source of breathable gas. The cartridge includes an end wall, a sidewall extending from the end wall and terminating at a distal end adjacent to an opening. A flexible member defines a chamber inside the cartridge. The chamber is in fluid communication with the passageway when the cartridge is coupled to the manifold. The flexible member has an outlet. A mask assembly is disposed inside the cartridge. The mask assembly has a hose coupled to the outlet of the flexible member. A cover is removably attached to the distal end of the at least one side wall.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement of a plurality of oxygen breathing devices, in particular for providing oxygen to passenger or crew of an aircraft, each oxygen breathing device comprising an oxygen source, wherein oxygen is stored, in particular in chemically bound form or compressed form, an oxygen guiding device for guiding oxygen from the oxygen source to a person. According to the invention, an arrangement of a plurality of oxygen breathing devices is provided, wherein a first one of said plurality of oxygen breathing devices further comprises an integrated transmitter comprising a sender adapted for wireless communication with a receiver of a second one of said oxygen breathing devices and a receiver adapted for wireless communication with a sender of said second oxygen breathing device.

Abstract: The invention relates to an emergency oxygen supply device for aircraft inhabitants, comprising a container, wherein an oxygen mask is positioned inside said container, a releasable cover and a latch mechanism comprising a latch locking said cover lid. According to the invention said latch mechanism comprises a permanent magnet interacting with a magnetisable element an exerting a magnetic holding force onto said magnetisable element to hold said latch in a locking position, wherein a solenoid is positioned adjacent to the permanent magnet, said solenoid being connected to a control unit said control unit being adapted to receive an opening signal and to provide a current flowing through said solenoid in response to such opening signal, wherein said solenoid is arranged and dimensioned such that the current flowing through said solenoid reduces said magnetic holding force to such a level that the latch is released in a n unlocking position.

Abstract: The Invention relates to a passenger cabin emergency oxygen device for an aircraft, comprising at least one electrically driven activation device for activating the emergency oxygen device, at least one energy storage device and a source of electrical energy. Said source of electrical energy and said energy storage device are coupled together for substantially constant energy transmission from the source of electrical energy to the energy storage device at a first energy level, an activation device and a controller are coupled together for signal transmission from the controller to the activation device, said activation device and said energy storage device are coupled together for energy transmission from the energy storage device to the activation device at a second energy level which is higher than the first energy level.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a breathing mask for aircraft crewmember. The breathing mask includes an on-demand regulator with an inlet connected to a source of breathing gas and an outlet to exhaust the breathing gas. The outlet has an aperture controlled by a movable valve having an open position when the crewmember breathes out and a closed position when the crewmember breathes in. The breathing mask also has a latch member operable by a crewmember to latch the valve in the open position, the latch member including an unlocking member to release the valve when the cabin pressure is below a predetermined value.

Abstract: A flow generator for generating a flow of pressurized breathable gas includes a cylindrical housing and a motor supported in the housing. The motor has a shaft having a first end and a second end opposite the first end. The shaft is generally coincident with an axis of the motor. A first impeller is attached to the first end of the shaft and a second impeller is attached to the second end of the shaft. A stator directs an air flow from the first impeller back towards the motor axis. The housing includes an inlet adjacent the first end of the shaft having an inlet axis generally coincident with the motor axis and at least one outlet between the first and second impellers. The at least one outlet has an outlet axis generally tangential to the motor axis.

Abstract: A pulse oxygen system and methods for providing oxygen to a user are disclosed. An oxygen mask coupled to a metering valve is provided to a user. An oxygen prescription delivery amount is determined based on and as a function of a real-time operation condition. A metering valve timing is calculated based on the oxygen prescription delivery amount to obtain a pulse delivery time. A pressure and time regulated flow of the oxygen prescription delivery amount of pulsed oxygen is then dispensed to the oxygen mask for a duration of the pulse delivery time in response to detecting the user breathing through the oxygen mask.

Abstract: The aircraft emergency oxygen supply system includes one or more sources of supplemental breathable oxygen, one or more inlet valves for one or more breathing devices, connected to the inlet valves, and one or more cabin air pressure transducers. A pressure controller controls the inlet valves in response to the one or more cabin air pressure transducers. One or more second pressure transducers may connected to conduits downstream of inlet valves to be monitored, and the pressure controller may also control operation of the inlet valves in response to the one or more second pressure transducers.

Abstract: An aircraft emergency oxygen dispensing device includes an oxygen storage vessel having a frangible pressure seal, and a manifold, a pressure regulator, one or more flow control valves connected to the oxygen storage vessel. The manifold includes an initiator for breaking the pressure seal to initiate a flow of oxygen. A flow controller controls the flow control valves to dispense small quantities of oxygen by a pulse oxygen system or a modulated oxygen system based on ambient cabin air pressure. In the pulse oxygen system, the flow controller further controls the flow control valves based on input from at least one breathing mask air pressure sensor that monitors the breathing of a user.

Abstract: The invention discloses a safety mechanical system by which emergency oxygen is delivered to motor vehicle occupants during an accidental water submersion of the vehicle. The system utilizes an oxygen filled tank located in the trunk, or another concealed area. The tank is connected to a manifold system with an automatic valve. The valve is activated and opened when a series of sensors detects that the vehicle is partially or fully submerged. Upon such detection, the valve is opened and oxygen is delivered through the manifold, then to a series of flexible tubes to a set of drop down masks that automatically deploy from an overhead console in the vehicle's headliner. The drop down assembly is of an adequate length of coiled hose similar to that found on a commercial airliner for oxygen use during sudden decompression. With such an installed system, vehicle occupants are provided with a mask and oxygen until they can be rescued or escape on their own.

Abstract: An overpressure protection system and method for a hyperbaric chamber having a secondary relief valve in pressure communication with a hyperbaric chamber and configured to actuate upon occurrence of a predetermined pressure condition. Actuation of the secondary relief valve causes an output signal to be delivered to a relay input, which results in actuation of an emergency vent valve to close an oxygen shutoff valve to terminate the flow of oxygen to the chamber. In the preferred embodiment, the predetermined pressure condition occurs when the chamber pressure exceeds the maximum chamber set point plus a predetermined pressure differential. In the preferred embodiment, the relay may be pneumatic or electromechanical.

Abstract: An apparatus for deploying oxygen masks that includes a pre-packaged modular system that does not require manual repacking of oxygen masks by aircraft technicians. The cartridge is for use with a manifold having a passageway in fluid communication with a source of breathable gas. The cartridge includes an end wall, a sidewall extending from the end wall and terminating at a distal end adjacent to an opening. A flexible member defines a chamber inside the cartridge. The chamber is in fluid communication with the passageway when the cartridge is coupled to the manifold. The flexible member has an outlet. A mask assembly is disposed inside the cartridge. The mask assembly has a hose coupled to the outlet of the flexible member. A cover is removably attached to the distal end of the at least one side wall.

Abstract: The adjustable mouth shield device provides an adjustably fitted mouth shield with adjustable headband for secure fit. The adjustable headband is fastened to the padded earpiece. The straight first extension from the earpiece is angled downwardly and forwardly to terminate in a swivel joint providing almost 360 degrees of swivel. The second extension is arced both downwardly and forwardly. The u-shaped mouthpiece is fitted to the adjustable spring mount for horizontal pivot of the mouthpiece. The mouthpiece may, by virtue of the swivel joint and the spring mount, be moved completely away from a user's mouth and, in turn, pivoted and swiveled to be directly in front of the user's mouth. The inward curves at the distal end of the mouthpiece aid in sliding on the disposable pads that shield a user from objects, foods and other materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement of a plurality of oxygen breathing devices, in particular for providing oxygen to passenger or crew of an aircraft, each oxygen breathing device comprising an oxygen source, wherein oxygen is stored, in particular in chemically bound form or compressed form, an oxygen guiding device for guiding oxygen from the oxygen source to a person. According to the invention, an arrangement of a plurality of oxygen breathing devices is provided, wherein a first one of said plurality of oxygen breathing devices further comprises an integrated transmitter comprising a sender adapted for wireless communication with a receiver of a second one of said oxygen breathing devices and a receiver adapted for wireless communication with a sender of said second oxygen breathing device.

Abstract: An apparatus for deploying oxygen masks that includes a pre-packaged modular system that does not require manual repacking of oxygen masks by aircraft technicians. The cartridge is for use with a manifold having a passageway in fluid communication with a source of breathable gas. The cartridge includes an end wall, a sidewall extending from the end wall and terminating at a distal end adjacent to an opening. A flexible member defines a chamber inside the cartridge. The chamber is in fluid communication with the passageway when the cartridge is coupled to the manifold. The flexible member has an outlet. A mask assembly is disposed inside the cartridge. The mask assembly has a hose coupled to the outlet of the flexible member. A cover is removably attached to the distal end of the at least one side wall.

Abstract: A breathing mask is disclosed, as well as a valve and a diverter that can be used within a breathing mask. The breathing mask can include a body, a respiratory interface, a balanced exhaust valve, and an inlet valve. The body can include an inlet and an exhaust. The respiratory interface can be configured to provide fluid communication between each of the inlet and the exhaust, and a user's respiratory system. The balanced exhaust valve can be configured to selectively flow fluid between the exhaust and the respiratory interface. The inlet valve can be configured to selectively flow fluid between the inlet and the respiratory interface. The valve can be a balanced exhaust valve with a fixed balance chamber. The diverter can include a tubular diverter body, a breathing port, an exhaust port, a demand port, and a diverter wall.

Abstract: A rebreather system for aircrew that includes a double counter lung having a void between inner and outer bladders that allows selective pressurization of the inner bladder.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement of a plurality of oxygen breathing devices, in particular for providing oxygen to passenger or crew of an aircraft, each oxygen breathing device comprising an oxygen source, wherein oxygen is stored, in particular in chemically bound form or compressed form, an oxygen guiding device for guiding oxygen from the oxygen source to a person.

Abstract: The invention relates to a breathing apparatus for providing a respiratory gas to a crewmember in a cabin of an aircraft, said breathable apparatus comprising an air inlet (5) for admission of ambient air in said breathing apparatus, an additional gas inlet (2) for admission of additional gas in said breathing apparatus, an outlet nozzle (4) for feeding said crew member with the respiratory gas comprising said ambient air and/or additional gas, said breathing apparatus further comprising neutralizing means (70, 141) for neutralizing at least partially the admission of said additional gas below a predefined cabin altitude (Z1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a respiratory gas supply circuit for an aircraft carrying passengers and/or crewmembers (1) in a cabin, including a source of breathable gas (R1, R2), at least one supply line (20) connected to said source, a first actuating device (60, 12) provided on said supply line to open at least partially or close the supply of breathable gas, a respiratory device (50) adapted to be worn on one passenger or crewmember's face, said respiratory device being connected to said supply line, and further including an ambient air inlet (40), said respiratory device providing to said one passenger or crewmember a respiratory gas to be inhaled corresponding to ambient air and/or breathable gas, wherein said ambient air inlet further includes a second actuating device (4, 11) to open at least partially or close said ambient air inlet; and, both said first and second actuating devices are operated so that at least one of said first and second actuating devices is closed at each instant of time.

Abstract: A mouthpiece supply valve which may be used in connection with a rebreather. An exemplary mouthpiece supply valve may include a housing, an inlet mushroom valve, an outlet mushroom valve, a supply gas regulator, an exhaust valve, and a mode selector. An exemplary mouthpiece supply valve may perform manual diluent valve, automatic diluent valve, overpressure relief valve, excess fluid ejection, and bail-out valve functions.

Abstract: A breathing apparatus is operable in self-contained and filtered modes of operation. In the self-contained mode of operation, a breathable gas is delivered to a user from a self-contained source of breathing gas. In a second, filtered mode of operation, a suction source draws ambient air through a filter removing contaminants and delivers filtered ambient air to the user. A method of delivering air to a subject is also provided.

Abstract: An optimized system for providing medical support to a patient is disclosed. The system has a plurality of modular components that may be assembled to create a connection between a support machine and the patient wherein at least one of the modular components comprises an information tag for the storage of data and at least one of the modular components comprises an information sensor for the reading and transmission of the data. Once read and transmitted by the sensor, the data may be used to optimize the operation of the support machine.

Abstract: Method and arrangement for adjusting nitrogen and oxygen concentrations within regions of an aircraft. The method includes separating nitrogen from ambient air onboard an aircraft thereby establishing a high-concentration nitrogen supply and then dispensing high-concentration nitrogen from the supply to a fire-susceptible, non-habitable region of the aircraft where the high-concentration nitrogen is reservoired thereby decreasing the capability for the atmosphere therein to support combustion. Oxygen is also separated from the ambient air thereby establishing a high-concentration oxygen supply that is dispensed to an occupant cabin of the aircraft thereby increasing the level of oxygen concentration within the cabin to a level greater than the naturally occurring concentration of oxygen at the experienced internal cabin pressure.

Abstract: A first stage pressure regulator for a two-stage underwater breathing apparatus, comprises a second movable wall (16, 18) for separating a balance chamber (10) from an ambient exposed chamber (17) . The second movable wall is formed by a disk-shaped piston (16) which is slideably and non sealingly guided along the peripheral walls that delimit the balance chamber (10), and by an elastically deformable diaphragm (18), which overlies the side of the piston (16) facing forward the ambient exposed chamber (17) . The elastically deformable diaphragm (18) forms with said piston (16) a diaphragm type pressure relief valve (20, 318).

Abstract: A medicine ejection device is provided allowing a medicine with a desired droplet diameter to be inhaled at a constant rate. The medicine ejection device has a decision part at which the ejection operating conditions of a medicine ejection part for ejecting the medicine are decided in accordance with at least one of an open-air environment or a state of the medicine during use of the device. The device ejects the medicine according to the ejection operating conditions decided by the decision part.

Abstract: A demand regulator with air dilution regulates the pressure and flow of a respiratory gas with an outlet leading to a respiratory mask. A dilution valve controlled by a Bourdon tube varies the ratio of atmospheric air to oxygen in a crew mask based on ambient pressure. The Bourdon tube in the dilution valve assembly flexes in response to changes in atmospheric pressure causing the dilution valve to gradually open or close. As altitude increases the dilution valve gradually closes causing more oxygen to be provided to the facemask. The amount of added oxygen for a given atmospheric pressure can be accurately controlled at all altitudes due to the greater adjustment available in the device for calibration and operation compared to the current art. This greater operational capability eliminates the excess use of oxygen at low to intermediate altitudes as is common problem with the current art.

Abstract: An anti-asphyxiation valve is disclosed, which is adapted for incorporation within a breathing circuit including a ventilator. The valve comprises one or more apertures for enabling passage of gas between the breathing circuit and the atmosphere, and a valve member deformable between an open configuration in which the one or more apertures are at least partially exposed and the passage of gas therethrough is enabled, and a closed configuration in which the valve member occludes the one or more apertures and the passage of gas therethrough is substantially prevented. The valve member is adapted such that the pressure within the breathing circuit at which the valve member deforms from the open configuration to the closed configuration is greater than the pressure within the breathing circuit at which the valve member deforms from the closed configuration to the open configuration.

Abstract: A volume expansion system increases the storage volume for breathing gas in a closed-circuit breathing gas apparatus. A flow controller is coupled to an inhalation side of the closed-circuit breathing gas apparatus and is also coupled to an expandable reservoir. The flow controller defines a first flow path that allows breathing gas in the inhalation side to automatically flow into the expandable reservoir when pressure in the inhalation side exceeds a threshold. The flow controller can also include the means to define a second flow path that allows on-demand return of the breathing gas in the expandable reservoir to the inhalation side of the breathing gas apparatus.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems and methods for compensating for leakage when during delivery of gas from a medical ventilator in a proportional assist mode to a patient. The technology described herein includes systems and methods to compensate the delivery of PA ventilation for leakage in the patient circuit by using leak-compensated lung flows as well as leak-compensated respiratory mechanics parameters (lung compliance and lung resistance) estimated in a manner that compensates for elastic and inelastic leaks from the ventilation system.

Abstract: The electromechanical regulator for passenger oxygen is a hybrid oxygen regulator that provides for electronic or mechanical regulation of oxygen flow. The electronic portion of the regulator consists of an inlet solenoid valve, an outlet solenoid valve, a cabin pressure transducer, a regulated output transducer and a PID based controller, and the solenoid valves are normally biased so that in the event of an electronic system failure or a power supply failure the system will automatically revert to mechanical operation.

Abstract: Aircraft passengers who require a therapeutic oxygen supply independently of the prevailing cabin pressure, as distinguished from an emergency oxygen supply that depends on an inadequate cabin pressure, can breath therapeutic oxygen and/or emergency oxygen depending on the situation, through the same therapeutic oxygen masks. For this purpose a control accessible to the crew is used to connect a therapeutic oxygen supply to the emergency oxygen distribution system of the aircraft, whereby the source of oxygen is used either partially for therapeutic purposes or fully for emergency purposes.

Abstract: A gas regulator includes a delivery valve assembly having a delivery outlet and a delivery valve member engageable with the delivery outlet for controlling flow of a gas from a gas source. A timing gas chamber receives gas from the gas source. Gas pressure within the timing gas chamber controls the operation of the delivery valve member. An adjustment system controls the amount of time required for the gas to fill the timing gas chamber so as to control the length of time that the delivery valve assembly is opened to conserve gas. In other embodiments, a capacity adjustment system can adjust the capacity of a gas reservoir system.

Abstract: A process, system and device are provided for automatically recording pressure-vs.-volume curves during artificial respiration with a respirator. The inspiration pressure is increased during the supply of a breathing gas volume flow under the control of a control unit. The resulting breathing gas volume flow rate is detected and the volume is determined from the latter by integration. The control unit compares the breathing gas volume flow detected during the phase of expiration with a preselected set point and acts on an expiration valve (12) in the expiration line (8) by means of a controller in case of deviation from the set point in order to return the breathing gas volume flow to the set point.

Abstract: In a scuba diving first stage pressure regulator soft silicone rubber is bonded to the first stage spring to prevent water from freezing between the coils of the spring thereby assuring unrestricted movement of the spring coils even during freezing conditions. By placing a soft molded material bonded directly to the spring surface through the method of chemical and/or mechanical bonding, a soft pliable silicone rubber encapsulates or cocoons the entire area between spring coils and works as a barrier to prevent water from filling the regions between the spring coils and freezing in cold diving conditions. The thickness and volume of the pliable material silicone is not critical as long as the area between the coils is occupied with enough material to prevent ice from forming and otherwise preventing the spring from deflecting. Further, a radial clearance hole is needed to allow the piston to fit inside the silicone bonded spring hollowed center.

Abstract: A system and method are for monitoring control signals provided to a medical apparatus bases upon tactile feedback from the apparatus. The system and method employ a monitoring signal indicative of a parameter relating to the apparatus or to a condition of a patient associated with the apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oxygen breathing device, in particular for cockpit crew member of an aircraft, comprising a pressurized oxygen source for storing pressurized oxygen, an oxygen mask, adapted to fit to nose and mouth of a person to be supplied with oxygen from the pressurized oxygen source, an oxygen supply line connecting the pressurized oxygen source with the oxygen mask, a pressure regulator/safety valve coupled in the oxygen supply line to selectively open or shut off oxygen flow from the pressurized oxygen source to the oxygen mask and/or to control pressure of said oxygen supplied to the oxygen mask.