Abstract: There is disclosed a process for denitrifying tobacco materials and removing barium from tobacco materials, comprising mixing an aqueous-immiscible organic solvent containing a crown ether with an aqueous solution containing soluble components from tobacco materials, agitating this mixture, and separating the organic phase containing a crown ether-cation-nitrate (or nitrite) complex from the aqueous phase containing the denitrified tobacco materials, wherein the cation consists essentially of barium and potassium. There is further disclosed a process for eliminating tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) from cured, denitrified tobacco material, comprising contacting the denitrified tobacco material with a trapping sink, wherein the trapping sink comprises a select transition metal complex which is readily nitrosated to form a nitrosyl complex with little kinetic or thermodynamic hindrance.

Abstract: Water disintegratability of a tobacco filter is improved by incorporating a super absorbent resin into a tobacco smoke filter medium in a tobacco filter comprising a main constitutive element of the tobacco smoke filter medium, and a water-soluble polymer as a binder for shaping the constitutive element. The constitutive element includes particulate or fibrous cellulose and cellulose esters (e.g. cellulose acetate). The water-absorption ratio of the super absorbent resin is about 10 to 1,000 times, and the amount of the resin is about 0.05 to 50 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the main constitutive element of the tobacco smoke filter medium.

Abstract: A smoking article comprising a smoking rod, a filter and ventilation means incorporated in the filter and communicating with the outside of the smoking article, viscous fluid in the ventilation means closing or partially closing the ventilation means, the viscous fluid being displaceable during use of the smoking article enabling ventilation to occur.

Abstract: The smoker's article comprises a filter, a tobacco rod and a wrapper. The tobacco rod contains a catalyst consisting of a hydrated zeolite or a zeolite-like molecular sieve, the said zeolite or zeolite-like material being defined by the following formula:M.sub.m' M'.sub.n' M".sub.p ?a'AlO.sub.2 .multidot.b'SiO.sub.2 .multidot.c'TO.sub.2 !q'Qwherein M is a monovalent cationM' is a divalent cationM" is a trivalent cationa', b', c', n', m', p and q' are numbers which reflect the stoichiometric proportions,m', n', p or c' can also be zero,Al and Si are tetrahedrally coordinated Al and Si atoms,T is a tetrahedrally coordinated atom being able to replace Al or Si andQ is a sorbate capable of passing the pore system of the zeolite,or of mixtures thereof. The said catalyst consisting of a zeolite or the zeolite-like material, enclosed in the tobacco rod is present optionally in the H form and has a thermally stable structure. The sorbate Q is mainly water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coaxial tobacco cartridge with an inner core of a first tobacco blend, a sheath for the inner core, an outer jacket of a second tobacco blend, a sheath of high air permeability and an associated filter element. The coaxial tobacco cartridge is not smokable independently, but can be used by persons to make their own coaxial cigarettes, by inserting it in an appropriate cigarette-paper tube or wrapping it in a cigarette-paper strip.

Abstract: Using a slurry containing a particulate or fibrous cellulose ester and a wood pulp with a Canadian standard freeness of 100 to 800 ml in a ratio of 10/90 to 90/10 (weight %), a tobacco filter material in the form of a sheet having a nonwoven web structure is produced. The slurry may contain a microfibrillated cellulose in a proportion of 0.1 to 10 weight % on a nonvolatile matter basis. The cellulose ester may be a cellulose acetate with a combined acetic acid in the range of 30 to 62%. This tobacco filter material in a sheet form can be applied to a tobacco filter having a high dry strength and, yet, a high degree of wet disintegratability without adversely affecting the smoking quality of tobacco. Thus, the potential environmental pollution is mitigated by the tobacco filter.

Abstract: A degradable smoking article comprises a tobacco rod and a filter component made of a gathered web of moisture disintegrative sheet material wrapped with a moisture disintegrative plug wrap bonded along a longitudinal seam with a water soluble adhesive. A moisture disintegrative tipping paper coated on one side with a water soluble adhesive secures the tobacco, rod and filter component together. The combination of moisture and other natural elements such as sunlight, mechanical abrasion, etc., dissociates the components of the smoking article over a relatively short period of time. Other embodiments of the filter component include a hollow degradable tube and a monolithic extruded starch filter rod.

Abstract: The invention concerns a tobacco smoking article comprising a tobacco rod and a filter unit containing both organic and inorganic fibers wherein the inorganic fibers are basalt fibers with diameter of no more than 0.6 .mu.m.

Abstract: Sheath-core bicomponent fibers comprising a core of a low-cost, high strength, thermoplastic material, preferably polypropylene or polybutylene terephthalate, completely covered with a sheath formed of polyethylene terephthalate or a copolymer thereof are produced, preferably melt blown to an average diameter of 12 microns or less, and formed into a self-sustaining, three-dimensional, porous element having various applications, principally as an ink reservoir element for a marking or writing instrument, although the porous element may also find utility as a tobacco smoke filter. Other forms of the product have utility in diverse applications where its excellent capillary, absorption and filtering properties are advantageous. The resultant products retain or improve upon the desirable features and processing capabilities of conventional elements, but are substantially less expensive, requiring less high cost polyester for equivalent or better properties.

Abstract: A high level of flavour can be provided in cigarette smoke at a low tar level while providing a more uniform delivery of flavour and tar as the cigarette is smoked, in comparison to a conventional cigarette. A tobacco blend is employed using higher-than-normal quantities of tobacco from the upper levels of a tobacco plant, to provide an initial high flavour-to-tar ratio. A flavour reset technique is employed to attenuate the flavour strength of the smoke to the smoker, so that such attenuated but acceptable flavour level is provided at a much lower tar level. In addition, latter puff manipulation of the tobacco smoke is effected to decrease the flavour level and tar produced in the latter puffs of smoking to provide a more uniform flavour delivery. Filter element structures and other specific elements to achieve these results are described.

Abstract: A tobacco smoke filter element (14) produces a more uniform tar delivery profile without an unacceptable pressure drop by causing the cigarette smoke to assume a progressively longer flow path through an outer cylinder (20) of higher flow resistance filter tow material before passing radially inwardly through a cylinder (24) of microfine fibres into a low resistance flow path (26) to the smoker's mouth. The progressively increased flow path results from progressive clogging of the cylinder of microfine fibres by filtered material as smoking of the cigarette progresses.

Abstract: Sheath-core bicomponent fibers comprising a core of a low-cost, high strength, thermoplastic material, preferably polypropylene, completely covered with a sheath formed preferably of plasticized cellulose acetate, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol or ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, are produced, preferably melt blown to an average diameter of 10 microns or less, and formed into tobacco smoke filters. The resultant filters retain the desirable taste properties and processing capabilities of conventional cellulose acetate filter elements, but are substantially less expensive. Because the core material is non-absorbent, less plasticizer or additive is required for comparable properties, and a web, roving or filter made of such materials has a longer shelf-life. The very fine fibers can be formed of various cross-sections, providing higher surface area and requiring less air in the melt blowing and manufacturing processes.

Abstract: A blend of cellulose acetate and starch acetate used to make fibers, filaments, yarns, fabrics, plastic materials and other uses is disclosed. Additionally, the invention relates to the process of making said blend; cigarette filters made from tow composed of said blend; cigarettes made with filters made from tow of said blend as well as acetate flake and other compositions containing said blend.

Abstract: A lightweight cigarette filter including a filter element containing filter material having a total Denier of less than 35,000 or a bulk density of less than 0.12 gcm.sup.-3 in which part of the volume of the filter is occupied by a space filler impervious to smoke flow therethrough and the bulk density of which is less than the bulk density of the equivalent amount of filter material which it replaces.

Abstract: Disclosed are articles, such as smoke filters, which contain fibers that have complex geometry in combination with tobacco smoke modifying agents such as flavorants. The fibers are preferably made of a polyester such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) and preferably are capable of spontaneously transporting water or n-decane on their surfaces. The articles of the invention result in improved delivery of the tobacco smoke modifying agent to the user.

Abstract: A smoking article includes a flexible casing which is liquid-tight and tubular, a mouth portion formed at one end of the casing, a cylindrical plastic container which can be elastically deformed and is arranged within the casing, a flavour solution housed in the plastic container and having a viscosity of 520 cP or less, a thin wall portion formed at one end wall of the plastic container, the thin wall portion being broken when the plastic container is elastically deformed upon receipt of force applied from outside the casing so as to permit release of the flavour solution, and a water absorbing layer formed adjacent to the end wall having the thin wall portion formed therein so as to hold the flavour solution released from the plastic container. Various kinds of flavour solutions can be used in the smoking article. The amount of the volatile aromatic components can be controlled easily. Further, it is possible to suppress the loss of the aromatic component during preservation of the smoking article.

Abstract: A coaxial filter cigarette with a rod portion having an inner core of material glowing substantially free of residue, in particular tobacco material, a sheath or wrapper for the inner core, an outer shell of tobacco and/or non-tobacco material coaxially surrounding the inner core or its sheath, respectively, a sheath or wrapper for the outer shell, and with a filter portion having a filter core, an air-impermeable sheath or wrapper for the filter core, a filter shell and a sheath or wrapper for the filter shell comprises a zone of the main heat source which is located in the inner core of the rod portion and a zone in which the major part of the aerosol reaching the mouth of the smoker is produced and which is located in the outer shell of the rod portion; the filter portion greatly reduces the combustion gases originating from the inner core of the rod portion and substantially reduces the smoke particles originating from the inner core, whereas the aerosol produced in the outer shell of the rod portion is i

Abstract: An improved tobacco smoke filter which retains a majority of the tar and nicotine and noxious gases from tobacco smoke. The filter is composed of fibrous filaments having equal quantities of two organic acids or salts of organic acids or polyhydric alcohols dispersed throughout the fibrous filaments.

Abstract: A cigarette comprises a blend of tobacco materials and a filter element provided from a non-woven thermoplastic material. The non-woven material comprises polyester or polypropylene fibers. The non-woven material is in intimate contact with a water soluble tobacco extract and a further material for altering the character of mainstream smoke which passes through the filter element. The tobacco extract can be a spray dried extract which has been subjected to heat treatment. The further material can be an acid (e.g., levulinic acid), a base (e.g., sodium hydroxide) or a salt (e.g., diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate).

Abstract: This invention relates to a filter cartridge suited for filtering highly viscous liquid.According to the invention, non-twisted yarn (sliver) and hard linear material such as strongly-twisted material supporting the non-twisted yarn on the core such as to form inter-yarn pores between the non-twisted yarn and hard linear material.

Abstract: The invention consists of a method for absorbing nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide from tobacco smoke. It includes a base made of acetate, cellulose and acetate-cellulose fibers. The base is impregnated with an absorbing agent, and the absorbing agent may include a complex compound of ferrous iron and thiol-containing low-molecular ligands. A method for impregnating the base of the filter with the absorbing agent comprises immersing the base in an aqueous suspension of a complex compound of ferrous iron and thiol-containing low-molecular ligands and then drying it; or, treating the base with an aqueous solution of a thiol-containing low-molecular ligand, treating the resulting compound with an aqueous solution of ferrous salts and then drying the resulting compound. A composition for absorbing nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide from smoke comprises a complex compound of ferrous iron and thiol-containing low-molecular ligands.

Abstract: Cigarettes have filter elements which have a relatively low efficiency for filtering particulate matter of tobacco smoke and a relatively high pressure drop. Such filter elements are provided by shredding, gathering or pleating a sheet-like web of a paper which has a low air permeability and exhibits a pH above about 9. The paper used to provide the filter material of the filter elements incorporates a magnesium hydroxide filter.

Abstract: An container for containing an additive material for modifying the characteristics of a smoking article. The container contains at least two components that are movable between a first position and a second position with respect to each other. In the first position the additive material is hermetically sealed inside the container during storage of the smoking article prior to use. The container is activated by moving the components of the container to the second position to provide air flow pathways through the container so that the additive material can modify the smoking article accordingly. The components may have perforations that are covered by cooperating overlapping portions of the components of the container in the first position and uncovered in the second position. Alternately, the container may include a sealed capsule containing the additive that is punctured by moving the components during activation.

Abstract: Method for controlling delivery of by-products found in cigarette smoke by utilizing a cigarette filter element comprising one or more substrates treated with an effective amount of at least one of (A) zinc chloride, ferrous bromide, calcium bromide, lithium bromide, zinc thiocyanate, sarcosine hydrochloride, manganese sulfate, manganese acetate, magnesium chloride and magnesium acetate; alone or combined with (B) glyceryl triacetate; plus corresponding treated filter element(s) and cigarette(s) utilizing such filter elements(s).

Abstract: A nonwoven fibrous web material that contains cellulose ester fibers, cellulose ester fibrets and a minor amount of activated fusible fibers uniformly dispersed throughout is particularly well suited as a filter media. The activated fusible fibers are effective for retaining within the filter web any particulate material resulting from corrugation without adversely affecting the filtration efficiency of the cellulose ester fibers and fibrets. Alternatively, the fibrous web material may include an effective amount of natural cellulosic fibers.

Abstract: A tobacco smoke filter comprising a rod of tobacco smoke filtering material incorporating particulate additive, wherein at least some of the particulate additive is concentrated on one or a restricted number of threads and/or strips incorporated within the remaining body of filtering material, the additive adhering to said thread(s) and/or strip(s).

Abstract: A process for improving selective filter retention and pass through properties of cigarette filter elements by treating with polyethyleneimine modified to a predetermined pH range with one or more indicated water soluble organic acids, as a filter modifier composition, and the corresponding filter element and cigarette.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of controlling the "tar" delivery of cigarette smoke and more particularly to the method of controlling "tar" delivery of the non-filter cigarette while maintaining resistance to draw and other parameters of the cigarette at acceptable levels.

Abstract: A container for containing an additive material for modifying the characteristics of a smoking article. The container contains at least two components that are movable between a first position and a second position with respect to each other. In the first position the additive material is hermetically sealed inside the container during storage of the smoking article prior to use. The container is activated by moving the components of the container to the second position to provide air flow pathways through the container so that the additive material can modify the smoking article accordingly. The components may have perforations that are covered by cooperating overlapping portions of the components of the container in the first position and uncovered in the second position. Alternately, the container may include a sealed capsule containing the additive that is punctured by moving the components during activation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel tobacco smoke filter material comprising a filter element such as cellulose acetate crimped tow having at least about 1 weight percent of micro acicular crystals of a compound such as sodium carbonate present on the surfaces of the filter element. Also disclosed is a process for preparation of such tobacco smoke filter material.

Abstract: A tobacco smoke filter having a non-integral core of components [2, 3] joined and held in longitudinal alignment by a strip [1] which extends only partially around the core circumference to leave a gap [7] extending longitudinally of the core between the longitudinal edges [8] of the strip, and an outer wrap [5] which engages fully around the core and strip and provides--e.g. via perforations [9]--for the lateral ingress of external ventilating air therethrough and through the longitudinal gap.

Abstract: A smoke filter and a method for manufacturing the filter from a continuous multifilament filter tow are described in which a portion of the filter tow is treated with a dye to impart color to a discrete elongated zone of dye-treated filaments that is in substantial alignment with the longitudinal axis of the smoke filter.

Abstract: Tobacco smoke filters are disclosed which are useful for manufacturing filter cigarettes and which are formed from a continuous multifilament filter tow that is treated with a smoke-modifying agent during the filter manufacturing process to give a discrete elongated zone of filaments treated with the smoke-modifying agent.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of granular algal adsorbents having an average particle size of 0.1 to 10 mm, wherein an aqueous solvent is added to a mixture of 5 to 90 parts by weight of activated carbon having a particle size not larger than 2 mm and 10 to 95 parts by weight of algal powder composed of Chlorella and/or Spiruline, followed by granulation and drying. Adsorbents made by this process are effective filters for the removal of toxic and odiferous materials in smoke and air and are particularly useful in cigarette filters.

Abstract: A filter for tobacco smoke containing a fibrous ion exchange resin and a fibrous ion exchange resin wherein at least a part of the fiber is fibrillated or split for use in making the filter is disclosed. The filter efficiently removes substances harmful to the human body, e.g., ionic, polar, carcinogenic, and mutagenic substances, and nicotine and tar from tobacco smoke.

Abstract: A mouthpiece element for a cigarette comprises a duct which extends from the periphery of the element at a first location, spaced from the mouth end of the element, to the mouth end of the element at a second location, spaced from the periphery of the element. The element is attached to a cigarette rod by tipping which permits the ingress of air to the duct at the first location. Preferably, during smoking the ratio of the velocity of air issuing from the duct at the second location to the velocity of smoke issuing from the mouth end of the element is in excess of at least ten.

Abstract: A smoking article such as a filter cigarette can have an adjustable delivery air dilution while exhibiting a reduced pressure drop decrease during air dilution thereof. The pressure drop decrease is controlled during various stages of air dilution by providing a mouthpiece which exhibits greater effective length at a low or non-air dilution setting than at a high air dilution setting. Filter cigarettes of this invention are capable of exhibiting a somewhat constant smoking character at various air dilution levels.

Abstract: A smoke filtering material and composition comprises a charcoal type product or a liquid extract used in conjunction with a fibrous filter and made from the flower portion of red-fruited sumac trees. This filtering material provides improved smoke filtering and eliminates or substantially reduces the tar from tobacco and other smoke.

Abstract: A filter for a cigarette includes a porous filter rod having a capillary smoke passageway extending coaxially therethrough. The filter rod is circumscribed by a non-porous wrapper and the filter rod with the non-porous wrapper therearound is provided with at least one groove extending from one end thereof a preselected distance longitudinally therealong. The groove preferably extends from the mouth end of the filter rod. Tipping material circumscribes the non-porous wrapper and is provided with flow-through openings therein in flow communication with the groove. In one embodiment, the filter rod includes a cylindrical collar coaxially located at the mouth end defining a recess, the thickness of the wall of the collar being less than the depth of the groove. In a further embodiment, the filter collar includes a concentric open core member coaxial with and open to the capillary flow passageway with the area between the core member and collar wall being open to the groove.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing cigarette filters which exhibit desired adhesion properties between the filter fibers, and which may be subjected to a substantially broader operating range during a temperature melt fusion step. A crystalline propylene polymer and a second crystalline polymer are mixed together, and the blend is extruded into fibers which are then heated to a temperature above the original melting point of the second crystalline polymer and below the original melting point of the crystalline propylene polymer. The fibers are twisted and/or crimped to effectuate desired adhesion between the fibers and are subsequently formed into filter rods which display greatly increased cohesiveness.

Abstract: A mouthpiece adapted to be attached to a smoking article, such as a cigarette, includes, in one advantageous embodiment, an air impermeable core member of smaller diameter than the tobacco column to which it is to be coaxially located and a generally cylindrically shaped hollow sleeve having generally the same diameter as the tobacco column concentrically located over the impermeable core member and cooperating therewith to define a generally annular channel open at both of its ends. The mouthpiece is connected to the tobacco column by circumscribing air permeable tipping material therearound. In one embodiment, the mouthpiece includes a filter plug coaxially located at one end of the tobacco column with the filter plug being of generally the same diameter as the tobacco column. The filter plug has generally longitudinally extending grooves formed in the peripheral surface extending from one end to the other end of the filter plug.

Abstract: Filler material, particularly for cigarette filters, is produced by feeding a first stream of substantially continuous filaments of filler material onto a pin roller which is driven at a speed such that the filaments are broken by the pins into irregular lengths and are projected from the roller in random orientations. The broken filaments are collected on a carrier stream, also comprising filamentary material, for delivery to a rod-making unit. More than one stream could be supplied to the pin roller so that the broken filaments can comprise a mixture of filaments of different filler materials. The carrier stream may comprise filler material which is different from that in the first stream and may comprise a fibrillated web.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing tobacco smoke filters wherein a continuous tube of smoke filtration material is ensheathed in a smoke-pervious layer of fibrous material. The ensheathed tube is cut into discrete lengths and in each of the lengths a cross section of the ensheathed material is rendered impervious to the passage of tobacco smoke and the tube is closed at a distance spaced longitudinally from the cross section.

Abstract: A filter device for a cigarette includes a porous filter rod and a smoke impermeable mouthpiece located at the smoke outlet end of the filter rod. The mouthpiece is formed with a converging nozzle open to the smoke outlet end of the filter rod, and a diverging nozzle, in flow communication with the converging nozzle, open to the outlet or mouth end of the mouthpiece. In addition, a number of smoke flow capillaries are formed generally longitudinally through the mouthpiece. Each smoke flow capillary has an open inlet end open to the smoke outlet end of the filter rod and an open outlet end open to the mouth end of the mouthpiece. A tipping material circumscribes the filter rod and mouthpiece for holding them together and for attaching the filter device to the tobacco column of the cigarette. The tipping material is air permeable over at least a portion of the filter rod.

Abstract: Non-combustible carbonized cigarette filters are manufactured wherein porous cellulosic material is contacted with a film-forming aqueous solution of an inorganic salt selected from the group consisting of alkali metal and ammonium silicates, carbonates, hydrophosphites, diphosphites, phosphites, hypophosphates, orthophosphates, diphosphates, triphosphates, polymetaphosphates, peroxymonophosphates, peroxydiphosphates, orthoborates, metaborates, tetraborates and mixtures thereof so that the cellulosic material contains at least about 1%, preferably from about 2% to about 6%, of the salt on a dry weight basis and then pyrolyzing the treated cellulosic material in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of at least about 700.degree. C. to about 900.degree. C., under conditions such that at least about 15%, preferably from about 20% to about 40% of the initial weight of the cellulosic material remains after pyrolysis.

Abstract: An improved tobacco smoke filter is characterized by grooves defined in its outer periphery and extending to the smoke discharging end of the filter. The grooves are totally exposed to ambient air along their entire length and serve as open air dilution passages to conduct air into the smoker's mouth with each puff or draw. In one embodiment, the filter rod contains no plug wrap and is joined to a tobacco rod with tipping paper, the grooves being defined in both the tipping paper and the filter rod. These grooves may be defined in the final assembled product by forming the grooves in the tipping paper and the filter rod at the same time. Alternatively, the filter rod is pre-grooved and the tipping paper is attached thereto so as to conform to the grooves.

Abstract: A filter plug having a dual structure comprising filter element A made from a crimped long filter tow in a form of a plug, filter element B, joined to said A, prepared by wrapping a core material consisting of a long fiber tow in a sheet-formed product having grooves which is formed from a material having an air permeability of 8 liters/minute or less and an air permeable wrapping paper and/or a wrapping paper with perforated openings on its periphery which is wrapping therein said filter elements A and B so that the outer grooves parts of the sheet-formed product pass through in the longer direction of the filter plug.

Abstract: Conventional porous labyrinth type filtering is combined with ambient air and conduction of smoke past the filter element in a cigarette holder wherein a selected portion of the tar and nicotine products are to be removed from the cigarette smoke. In its preferred form, a generally cylindrical porous filter element formed with an axial recess opening at one end of the filter is provided with an outwardly extending flange which serves to prevent passage of smoke past the filter when the filter element is fitted into the cylindrical interior of a cigarette holder. The addition of flutes on the exterior surface of the filter element, and of bypass passages formed in the flange, and air inlet openings of the holder itself, provide a unit which can serve as an element of a smoker's withdrawal kit or as a disposable holder for a smoker whose objective is to minimize tar and nicotine intake rather than to withdraw from the smoking habit.

Abstract: A process for preparing a compound cigarette filter, the filter having the ability to deliver substantially constant tar and nicotine as the cigarette is smoked. The compound filter comprises a barrier positioned upstream and in abutting relationship with at least one filter segment, the barrier containing passageways permitting the passage of smoke from a tobacco column to the filter segment, the total cross-sectional passageway area being from 0.5 to 3 square millimeters, the compound filter having an initial totally encapsulated pressure drop of at least 90 mm. H.sub.2 O.

Abstract: An improved cigaret filter wherein dry and active green algae in the form of chlorella in a granular or powdery form which can physically trap and remove such toxic substances contained in cigaret smoke as nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide and the like and, additionally, can biologically denature and change these substances to harmless form are carried or held by a carrier comprising a fibrous, continuous-cellular formed or the like member. The filter is used as combined with a cigaret holder or directly with a cigaret. With each carrier, preferably, a total weight of 20 to 50 mg. of granular or powdery chlorella is used alone or as combined with such inorganic porous adsorbent as fine granular or powdery zeolite, silica gel, iron oxide or activated charcoal.