Abstract: The invention provides a cigarette rolling machine designed for both the use as a rolling template for creating cigarette paper tubes around the main body (FIG. 3) and then dispensing a load of tobacco into the awaiting paper tube after the tobacco has been inserted through slotted openings machined into one side of each of the two tubes which make up the main body (FIG. 3), an outer body tube (FIG. 1) which is the outside of the main body, then the tobacco is inserted into and shaped into a cylinder form by, a inner body tube (FIG. 2) which is then ejected out by a plunging push rod (FIG. 10) that rams the cigarette shaped tobacco out of the machine into the paper tube, the push rod which is attached on the main body by, a retaining end piece (FIG. 7) in which the plunging push rod (FIG. 10) can be extended out as many times as required to fill additional tobacco and again rammed into the awaiting cigarette tube to increase its size or to insert layers of different flavors or kinds of tobacco.

Abstract: An energy converter according to the present invention includes a heat source (radiator 1), which receives externally applied energy and raises its temperature, thereby emitting electromagnetic radiations, and a radiation cut portion (mesh 2) for cutting down infrared radiations, of which the wavelengths are longer than a predetermined wavelength. The mesh 2 is a woven or knitted mesh of metal wires. The openings of the woven or knitted mesh have an aperture size that is smaller than the predetermined wavelength.

Abstract: A cigarette rod wherein a flexible tubular insert is surrounded by smokable material which, in turn, is surrounded by a wrapper of cigarette paper is formed by advancing the insert from a source at a variable speed toward one or more stations where the running insert is confined between two layers of smokable material. A combined monitoring and regulating system is provided to monitor the extent of sag of the insert between the outlet of the source and the confining station(s), to generate signals denoting the extent of sag, and to regulate the speed of a motor for the insert at the outlet of the source in response to such signals. The purpose of the combined signal generating and regulating system is to maintain the extent of sag of the insert between an upper threshold value and a lower threshold value.