Abstract: A probe terminal for measuring the temperature inside of an enamelled reactor, for allowing a high speed of response to change in temperature and for detecting damage to the enamel of the reactor comprising a hollow cylindrical metal body provided at one end of a base in which is inserted and anchored, with enamel, a platinum cylinder hollow, the base of the platinum cylinder being unlined and in alignment with the enamel which coats the external surface of the hollow cylindrical metal body base, i.e., HCMB. One end of the HCMB contains the platinum cylinder. The other end of the HCMB is provided with means for attachment to the probe.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pyrometric rod for measuring the temperatures of molten glass.The rod according to the invention comprises a rod containing at least a thermocouple, this rod being provided with a short tip of metal or metal alloy, the tip being surmounted by a brace of refractory material.The pyrometric rod is applied to measuring temperatures of molten glass in a glass bath or in a channel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a passive, fast-response thermocouple probe for accurately measuring temperatures of fixed or moving areas of surfaces, particularly of lightweight, low-thermal-conductivity materials, with only a minimal modification of their temperatures being caused by the probe's contact therewith. In making the probe, an approximation of the areal heat capacity of the object, the surface temperature of which is to be obtained, is determined. This information is then utilized to determine the required thickness, density, specific heat, and thermal conductivity of the layer of insulating material which is mounted on the mounting block of the probe. A thin, low-areal-heat capacity thermocouple is positioned on the upper surface of the insulating layer, and a thin, low-areal-heat capacity cover film is mounted over the foregoing elements and extends partially down the sides of the mounting block.

Abstract: Process for producing a joint between two metal wires for use in the construction of thermocouples or neutron flux probes or sensors having a small external diameter is disclosed.A stack is formed from two wires placed end to end and having an interface. This stack is placed in a tube which is sealed at both ends. The tube is made from a material, whose thermal expansion coefficient is well below that of the two wires. Spacers or shims are placed between the free ends of both wires. The assembly is exposed to a temperature such that the two contacting ends of the wires are welded under the action of the difference in the elongations of the tube and the wires.

Abstract: In a method of continuously measuring the temperature of the surface of a strand over the length of a continuously cast strand within a roller guide of a continuous casting plant, at least one thermoelement with its measuring junction and the thermocouple connecting the measuring junction with equalizing conduits are applied onto the strand surface and moved together with the strand surface. In order to make the method insensitive to the conditions prevailing within the cooling chamber, for example, the presence of a high level of humidity or steam, and to keep free the space laterally of the strand by providing a measuring arrangement for carrying out the method which is designable in a constructionally simple manner, the thermoelement is rolled into the strand surface in the longitudinal direction of the strand.

Abstract: A temperature sensing probe device having an elongated tubular handle or arm at the end of which a probe head member is mounted in a socket to provide limited universal movement and including a small flat ring-like surface to be positioned on and assuring excellent contact with the surface at which the temperature is to be determined, the head member being constructed of relatively thin material arranged as a composite assembly to reduce the mass thereof and assembled with thermal cementitious material.

Abstract: A surface thermocouple assembly and method of making same, characterized by a sheathed thermocouple cable having a sensing end including a preformed segment of solid metal welded to the end face of the sheath. The preformed metal segment has a contact face extending the full length thereof substantially parallel to the adjacent axial portion of the cable and adapted for contiguous intimate contact with the skin or external surface of the member whose temperature is to be monitored. Axially inwardly spaced a short distance from the end face of the sheath is a measuring junction which is formed by welding the ends of the thermocouple wires to the inside diameter of the sheath. Insulation material completely surrounds the measuring junction, and the end face of the sheath is closed by an end closure of weld metal which is ground flat to provide a uniformly flat attachment surface for attachment of the preformed segment thereto as by butt welding around the entire periphery of such surface.

Abstract: A thermocouple member having a surface portion adapted for heat contact with the surface of the body to measure the temperature thereof is provided with a low friction, electrically insulated layer such as of a fluorocarbon resin over the surface portion. The thermocouple member is thereby prevented from being brought into direct contact with the surface of the body. A heat sensing section having such a coated thermocouple member is useful for measuring the temperature of a body moving either linearly or angularly as well as an electrically driven body.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an encapsulated probe or measuring head on sheathed thermocouples, in which thermocouple wires are imbedded in an outer metal sheath with the interposition of an insulating material, and wherein a thermal bead is produced by either an electric or autogeneous process at the sections of the thermocouple wires projecting from the metal sheath at the measuring head end of the wire.

Abstract: A method of fabricating the measuring junction of a grounded-junction sheathed thermocouple to obtain fast time response and good thermal cycling performance is provided. Slots are tooled or machined into the sheath wall at the measuring junction, the thermocouple wires are laser-welded into the slots. A thin metal closure cap is then laser-welded over the end of the sheath. Compared to a conventional grounded-junction thermocouple, the response time is 4-5 times faster and the thermal shock and cycling capabilities are substantially improved.

Abstract: An ungrounded three wire thermocouple has two thermocouple wires and a ground wire assembled in a metal cylindrical housing which can be immersed in a fluid whose temperature is to be monitored by the thermocouple. The thermocoupled housing may have an insulation surface to electrically insulate the housing from the equipment being monitored and to be isolated from the ground or potential of the equipment being monitored. The ground wire in the thermocouple assembly can be connected to the instrument grounds of the instrumentation which measures or otherwise utilizes the output of the thermocouple wires. The thermocouple is disclosed as being immersed in either a liquid or a gaseous cooling medium. A second embodiment of the invention uses two spaced three wire thermocouples mounted on an insulation support and are exposed to the flow of a gaseous medium whose temperature is to be monitored.

Abstract: A flame detecting thermocouple for use with a gas valve to insure that the pilot flame exists before the gas valve can turn on the main burner. The thermocouple has a first rod shaped element which is composed of a high potential side thermoelectric material such as Chromel, Inconel, iron-chromium alloy and a second rod shaped element composed of a low potential side thermoelectric material formed of a 0.7 to 2% yttrium, 45-70% copper and the remainder of the alloy is nickel, and the elements are welded together at their ends to provide a junction which can be heated by a flame to produce a thermoelectric output at the other ends of the element.

Abstract: The invention provides an array of spaced thermocouples inserted into the kiln as a unit to provide the temperature profile of the kiln on a continuous basis. The output signals from the thermocouples are multiplexed and displayed on a CRT device. A horizontal line across the face of the CRT screen provides a temperature reference for the profile when a digital thermometer is driven with the horizontal line generating voltage. To reproduce a desired temperature profile, the invention provides a temperature profile synthesizer comprising a resistor-ladder network and a voltage source for simulating the small voltages developed by the temperature monitoring thermocouples in the array. By displaying the synthesized temperature profile on the CRT at the same time that the actual measured temperature profile is being displayed, the kiln can be more easily controlled to provide the desired synthesized profile.

Abstract: A temperature measuring probe which includes thermo-wires extending between bead-like temperature sensors and a coupling device which connects the probe to indicating or control equipment. A terminal member is provided at one end of the probe body with an arc-shaped transition member being provided between the probe body and the terminal member. The transition member has a substantially round cross-sectional configuration with the terminal member having a shallow rectangular cross-sectional configuration so that a substantially laminar flow of coolant through the probe body is achieved.

Abstract: A tube skin thermocouple assembly and method of making same, characterized by a sheathed thermocouple cable having an angularly disposed sensing end terminating in an end face extending substantially parallel to the axis of the adjacent axial portion of the sheath. A measuring junction of the conductors is formed in an end cavity in the sensing end substantially free of insulating material and filled with filler metal embedding the measuring junction therein, the filler metal thus providing an end closure having an exposed face substantially flush with the end face and forming therewith a contact face adapted for contiguous intimate contact with a tube surface. The end closure may be of a large mass of filler metal for direct welding of the sensing end of the assembly to the tube, and the contact face may be either flush with or slightly offset from the outer diameter of the adjacent axial portion of the sheath, respectively, for flush or radially spaced axial mounting of the assembly on the tube.

Abstract: A temperature sensing device for monitoring high temperature exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine which includes a sensing element and a support for the sensing element including a mounting stem, and electrical connection means secured to the end of the mounting stem which is outside of the manifold. A gas seal connection between the sensing element and the supporting mounting stem is located at a point removed from the hostile operating environment within the manifold and the fit between the sensing element and the mounting stem is such that a slight freedom of movement is available at the portion of the mounting stem innermost of the manifold to thereby shift the point of highest stress to the gas seal and securing connection between the mounting stem and the sensing element.

Abstract: A temperature measuring device for measuring temperatures at axially spaced positions along the bore of a tube comprises a sensor in the form of a central rigid wire of constantan base alloy on to which thermocouple foils are spot welded at prescribed locations. The foils are silver plated over half their length thus forming a silver/constantan thermojunction; the constantan end of the junction only being welded to the rigid wire. A copper wire is crimped to the silver plated end of each foil. The detector may be supported coaxially within a resistance heated tube and in use the temperatures sensed by the thermocouples are continuously monitored.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a fast response, insulated junction thermocouple having a uniform diameter outer sheath in the region of the measuring junction. One step is added to the usual thermocouple fabrication process that consists in expanding the thermocouple sheath following the insulation removal step. This makes it possible to swage the sheath back to the original diameter and compact the insulation to the desired high density in the final fabrication step.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved high temperature (e.g., up to 1800.degree. C) hot junction element for a thermocouple circuit which comprises a vitreous silica tube enclosing the thermocouple wires and the hot junction thereof, and having contact elements (by which the wires are connected into the thermocouple circuit) protruding from one end of the tube. The thermocouple wires are loosely located within the tube but are separated by a barrier formed from the tube wall. Suitably the barrier is the wall of a passage extending across the bore of the tube.

Abstract: A thermocouple assembly is provided wherein dissimilar metals are joined at a hot junction within a protective annular shield transparent to radiation. The hot junction is formed in situ so as to be in intimate contact with the ID of said shield. When the assembly is mounted on a phase change cup, one of the dissimilar metals is insulated from the cup.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for continuously monitoring the surface temperature of a glass ribbon moving through a critical portion of an annealing lehr where the rate of cooling determines whether the ribbon may be cut easily after annealing and whether the ribbon is subjected to spontaneous breakage during annealing. The temperature sensing means comprises a thermocouple junction embedded within a boron nitride plug a predetermined distance from the surface of the plug that slides in contact with a surface of the moving glass ribbon in the main portion of the ribbon that is cut into blanks of commercially acceptable glass of acceptable optical quality.

Abstract: A high-temperature detecting apparatus most suitably used with a system for protecting a catalytic apparatus provided for purifying exhaust gas of an automobile is disclosed. A reed relay coil is connected between the cold junctions of a thermocouple in such a manner that the reed relay is driven directly by an electromotive force generated in the thermocouple due to heat in the exhaust gas. The thermocouple and the reed relay are integrally arranged by means of a metal cover. This arrangement reduces the connection resistance between the thermocouple and the coil, thereby making it possible to directly drive the reed relay by the output of the thermocouple.

Abstract: A device for continuously monitoring the internal surface temperature of a refractory lining in a metallurgical furnace. The device comprises an outer sheath, a pair of dissimilar, metallic wires within the outer sheath and a powdered oxide material closely packed within the sheath and surrounding both wires. Each wire is separately insulated by a sleeving of a refractory material having a melting point higher than the normal working temperature of the furnace at the surface of the lining. The oxide material used as a packing between the outer sheath and the wires is electrically conductive at elevated temperatures and has also a melting point higher than the temperature normally encountered at the surface of the lining.

Abstract: The proposed profiled multielectrode thermocouple comprises a flexible protective shell wherein there are arranged a thermoelectrode of one polarity, constructed as a bundle of thermoelectrodes of one polarity and of different lengths, and at least two thermoelectrodes of the opposite polarity with working junctions spaced at a preset distance along the thermocouple. The thermocouple of the present invention is basically intended for simultaneously measuring temperature at several points of an industrial installation.

Abstract: A cartridge heater and multiple thermocouple assembly comprising an elongate outer heavy walled structurally supportive metal sheath, an elongate thin walled, yieldable, orienting metal tube extending through the sheath and defining an annulus, a plurality of axially aligned pairs of thermocouple cables and spacer rods fixed to the tube in circumferential spaced parallel relationship and extending through the annulus in interfering engagement with the sheath, a resistance element extending through the tube, conductor terminals for the element accessible at one end of the tube and a filler of particulate dielectric material compacted in the tube about the element and in the annulus between the sheath, tube and adjacent pairs of cables and rods, said cables being of different lengths and having outer ends with conductors accessible at an end of the annulus and having inner ends with thermocouple junctions located at spaced points longitudinally of the sheath.

Abstract: A thermocouple structure useful for high temperature applications comprises a pair of thermocouple wires joined at one end to form a thermocouple, the wires being enclosed within a metallic sheath which is closed at one end and open at the other end, the closed end of said sheath enclosing the thermocouple. The thermocouple and wires within the sheath are surrounded and insulated by crushed, compacted mineral oxide material, such as magnesium oxide. The other end of the sheath from which the thermocouple wires extend is filled with ceramic cement to seal the crushed mineral oxide and thermocouple wires therein. The closed end portion of the sheath enclosing the thermocouple has a reduced diameter relative to the other open end portion of the sheath.

Abstract: A temperature measuring device for use at pressures in excess of 1,500 bar. It comprises a thermocouple which is sheathed, the sheath being surrounded from end to end by an open ended pressure bearing sleeve. The space between the sheath and sleeve receives a hard or high temperature solder. At the outer end of the sleeve is a rigid cone or outwardly flared surface associated with a screw threaded nut which, when tightened, forces the cone against a shoulder to effect a fluid-tight connection at a point remote from the measuring junction.

Abstract: A thermocouple assembly which includes a plug having a pair of small diameter holes near one end thereof which are spaced a small distance apart to leave a thin quantity of plug material between the holes, and a pair of thermocouple wires extending through the different holes and with the outer ends of the wires joined to the thin quantity of plug material which lies between the holes to form a thermocouple junction.

Abstract: A length of metallic wire is positioned inside a length of metallic tube in approximate axial alignment with the tube. A short sleeve is placed around the end of the wire. The sleeve is a different metal from the tube. The difference between the thermoelectric coefficients of the sleeve metal and the wire metal is larger than the difference between the thermoelectric coefficients of the tube metal and the wire metal. The tube metal is more resistant of oxidation than the sleeve metal.

Abstract: An erodable thermocouple is disclosed having two dissimilar metal conductors, connected or not connected as desired at the ends exposed to the temperature to be measured, the conductors being electrically insulated from each other along their lengths by glass sleeving, one being helically mounted on the other, the conductors being encased within a tubular insulating enclosure and surrounded by a kraft paper tube, the insulating enclosure and tube being swaged to reduce its outside diameter, and having a short metal tube at its outer end. The paper tube burns upon exposure to furnace temperatures providing a slip plane for the thermocouple.

Abstract: A temperature-measuring device has an elongated tubular housing in one of ose closed ends is received a noise-temperature resistor having at least one side connected via a wire constituting a thermocouple element to a lead connected to temperature-measuring apparatus. The other side of the noise-temperature resistor is connected to the tubular housing which therefore constitutes the other element within the housing and connected via leads to apparatus without the housing. The thermocouple element or elements may extend from the noise-temperature resistor outside the housing, or may be wholly contained within the housing and connected via a pair of leads to apparatus outside the housing.

Abstract: An improved thermocouple sensor is disclosed comprising a pair of thermocouple wires formed from tungsten-rhenium or molybdenum-rhenium alloys and terminating in ends adapted for thermocouple application, and a metal mass of tungsten or molybdenum intimately contacting the terminal wire ends so as to form an electrical connection therebetween and means for making same.

Abstract: A temperature-measuring system comprises a thermocouple connectable to a ventional temperature indicator (millivoltmeter) arrangement using the thermoelectric emf, and a length of noise-thermometer conductor (resistor) which is connectable to a noise-thermometer circuit whereby the thermocouple is connected to the noise-thermometer resistor. The system possesses advantages of both the thermoelectric temperature-measuring process and the noise-thermometer measuring process.

Abstract: A thermocouple probe for use in measuring high temperatures includes a ceramic rod having a pair of channels extending throughout the length of the tube, a pair of conductors of different material extending through the channels and being interconnected at one end of the rod, a titanium tube enclosing the rod, a ceramic tube enclosing a portion of the titanium tube and heat insulating, flexible tubing enclosing the conductors as they extend from the other end of the rod to a suitable electrical connector. Such a probe arrangement permits accurate sensing of temperatures in the range of 752.degree. to 2012.degree.F.

Abstract: This invention relates to thermocouple hot junction members which are used in immersion thermocouple assemblies employed for measuring the temperature of molten metal. At the temperatures involved, which are over 1200.degree.C and often in the region of 1800.degree.C and more, noble metals and alloys thereof have to be used to form a thermocouple conductor pair and up to now these have been united at the hot junction by a spot weld.In the hot junction of this invention the weld is replaced by a conductive refractory powder bridge so that the thermocouple conductor elements do not have to be joined. Each thermocouple conductor element is located in a leg of a quartz glass U-tube and the refractory powder bridge is located in the base of the U-tube so that opposed ends of the conductor elements are embedded in the powder which forms a thermocouple junction.

Abstract: A thermocouple structure useful for high temperature applications comprises a pair of thermocouple wires joined at one end to form a thermocouple, the wires being enclosed within a metallic sheath which is open at one end. The thermocouple and the wires within the sheath are surrounded and insulated by crushed compacted magnesium oxide. The end of the sheath from which the thermocouple wires extend is filled with ceramic cement to seal the crushed magnesium oxide and the wires therein. The thermocouple structure is prepared by inserting stripped thermocouple wires into a cylindrical two-hole perforated magnesium oxide preform and the resulting assembly placed within a metal sheath. The resulting assembly is then swaged or reduced in diameter to crush and compact the magnesium oxide therein. The resulting swaged assembly is opened, if desired, to expose the ends of the wires which are then welded to form a thermocouple.