Abstract: In an aspect, a dual-sensor waterproof temperature monitoring probe includes: a hollow tube formed with a first diameter at a first end and a second diameter at a second end; a first temperature sensor located within the hollow tube at the first end; a second temperature sensor located within the hollow tube at the second end; a temperature sensor holder configured to fit within the second diameter of the hollow tube and to position the second temperature sensor adjacent an inside surface of the hollow tube; one or more first electrical wires electrically coupled with the first temperature sensor; one or more second electrical wires electrically coupled with the second temperature sensor; and a handle permanently sealing the hollow tube at the second end and sealing around the first and second electrical wires. In another aspect, a dual-sensor waterproof temperature monitoring probe includes a primary hollow tube and an auxiliary hollow tube.

Abstract: A temperature sensor of the present invention includes a sensor element (11) that includes a main body (13) and paired lead wires (15 and 15) drawn from the main body (13), and a first housing (19) that includes a resin mold layer and covers the sensor element (11). The main body (13) is partially or entirely exposed, continuously in a circumferential direction, from the first housing (19) without being covered with the first housing. In the temperature sensor, the main body (13) includes a thermosensitive body (13A) and a sealing glass (13B) covering the thermosensitive body (13A), and the sealing glass (13B) is exposed from the first housing (19).

Abstract: In an aspect, a dual-sensor waterproof temperature monitoring probe includes a first hollow tube having a first end and a second end. A first temperature sensor is located within the first hollow tube proximate the first end. A second temperature sensor located within a second hollow tube having a first end and a second end. The second hollow tube has a shorter length than the first hollow tube. A rechargeable power source is located in the first hollow tube proximate the first end. A handle permanently seals the second end of each of the first and second hollow tubes.

Abstract: A molten metal level measuring device in a continuous molten metal level measuring device uses temperature compensation. The device includes a cylindrical bobbin, a liquid level measuring unit helically wound around an outer surface of the bobbin, a circular inner cylinder in which the bobbin and the liquid level measuring part are located and which seals the bobbin and the liquid level measuring part from the outside and has the same axial direction as the bobbin, and a cylindrical protective tube in which the inner cylinder is located and which has the same axial direction as the bobbin and has one open end. Thermocouples extend axially in the space between the inner cylinder and the protective tube, and a control unit controls the liquid level measuring part to measure a liquid level of the molten metal based on the temperatures measured by the thermocouples.

Abstract: A thermocouple and a method for making the thermocouple. The thermocouple includes a thermocouple element shaft and at least one sleeve coupled to the thermocouple element shaft in at least one location of the thermocouple element shaft that is expected to experience wear.

Abstract: A consumable cored wire for measuring a temperature of a molten steel bath includes an optical fiber and a cover laterally surrounding the optical fiber in a plurality of layers. One layer is a metal pipe, also called metal jacket or metal tube. An intermediate layer, also called filler, is arranged beneath the metal tube. The intermediate layer is a rope.

Abstract: A cooking tool is disclosed, which comprises a fastening portion detachably provided in a cooking vessel provided above or inside a kitchen appliance to cook food; a sensor sensing a temperature of food which is cooked in the cooking vessel; a transmitter transmitting temperature information sensed by the sensor to the kitchen appliance as an electric signal; and a controller controlling the transmitter to transmit the temperature information sensed by the sensor as an electric signal.

Abstract: A temperature sensor comprising a sensor element that is arranged in a housing, is characterized in that the sensor element is totally enclosed with a thermally conductive material, preferably with a thermally conductive paste, inside the housing.

Abstract: A sensing device for detecting a physical quantity includes a molded part and a sensor element in the molded part. The sensor element includes an enclosure that is formed from the molded part and an injection-molding compound. A connection element may be connected to the sensor element. An interface may be between the sensor element and the connection element.

Abstract: A thermoelectric converter is formed by a plenum divided into high and low pressure chambers by a partition and includes a stack of series-coupled alkali-metal thermoelectric cells that projects orthogonally from the partition into one of the chambers.

Abstract: A photovoltaic power system includes module strings each having photovoltaic modules connected in series. The power system further includes a generator terminal box having DC converters. The power system further includes a generator main connection line and an AC inverter. Each module string is electrically connected to a respective one of the DC converters for the module string to provide a DC voltage generated by the photovoltaic modules of the module string to the respective DC converter. The DC converters output a combined DC voltage based on the DC voltages from the module strings to the AC inverter via the generator main connection line for the AC inverter to transform the combined DC voltage into an AC voltage. The generator terminal box and the AC converter are spatially separate from one another.

Abstract: A device is provided for temperature measurement in metal melts, particularly in iron or steel melts, having a thermoelement, which is arranged in a thermoelement tube, and having an exterior protective body, which is essentially formed of graphite and metal oxide. The thermoelement tube is arranged in the protective body with a spacing, forming an intermediate space, and an insulating material and an oxygen-reducing material are arranged in the intermediate space. The insulating material and the oxygen-reducing material, as a powder mixture, form a tube (2), which surrounds the thermoelement tube (3) with a spacing and/or which is surrounded by the protective body (1) with a spacing.

Abstract: An immersion thermocouple is described. The immersion thermocouple includes a heat resistant sheathing, the interior of which is substantially filled with a heat resistant cement, a first U-shaped tube enclosing a thermocouple fixed in the heat resistant cement, and a second U-shaped tube fixed in the heat resistant cement. The second U-shaped tube bridges the first U-shaped tube at an angle of approximately ninety degrees. The immersion thermocouple also includes a shield circumferentially surrounding the first and the second U-shaped tubes proximate to where the first and the second U-shaped tubes are fixed to the heat resistant cement.

Abstract: A device is provided for temperature measurement in metal melts, particularly in iron or steel melts, having a thermoelement, which is arranged in a thermoelement tube, and having an exterior protective body, which is essentially formed of graphite and metal oxide. The thermoelement tube is arranged in the protective body with a spacing, forming an intermediate space, and an insulating material and an oxygen-reducing material are arranged in the intermediate space. The insulating material and the oxygen-reducing material, as a powder mixture, form a tube (2), which surrounds the thermoelement tube (3) with a spacing and/or which is surrounded by the protective body (1) with a spacing.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for measuring the temperature of a molten steel continuously, comprises the following steps: providing a tube that is made of double bushings, both of the inner and outer bushings being close at one end and open at another end; putting the close end of the tube into the molten steel in such a way that the ratio of the length of the tube under the surface of the molten steel to the inner diameter of the inner bushing is equal or greater than 15 and the ratio of said length to the outer diameter of the outer bushing is greater than 3; connecting the open end of the tube with an infrared detector; and calculating the temperature of the molten steel through evaluating the radiation emitted by the inner bushing at the end that was put under the molten steel by means of the detector. A tube to implement the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention includes an open-loop AMTEC cell operable in a delivery mode and in a priming mode. In the delivery mode, the cell provides electrical potential through electrochemical reactions, which persist until the ion content of the cell is exhausted. In the priming mode, the electrochemical potential of the cell is established through an outside electrical potential or through a reversal of the thermal gradient within the cell. The cell of the present invention is particularly operable in accordance with a preferred method and also as a component of a suitable electrical system.

Abstract: A thermocouple-type temperature-detecting device excellent in the temperature measurement responsiveness constituted of an outer protective pipe 1 and an inner protective pipe 2, the outer protective pipe 1 is formed in a laminated layer structure of a 2nd layer 10 made of a ceramic containing molten metal-repelling BN and a 1st layer 11 made of a ceramic, the inner protective pipe 2 is formed of a front protective pipe 3 made of a ceramic having a good heat conductivity and a heat-shielding rear protective pipe 4 extending into the outer protective pipe 1 through an air layer 17, furthermore, the head portion 5 of the front protective pipe 3 is projected from the outer protective pipe 1, and a temperature-sensitive portion 20 of a thermocouple is disposed in the inside of the head portion 5.

Abstract: A thermocouple used to measure a temperature of molten metal having a melting point of not more than 1200° C. is such constructed that a pair of alloy stock wires (5) and (6) capable of being used In a temperature region not exceeding 1200° C. is embedded in a protective pipe 3 made of ceramic. A measuring contact (2) formed by the extreme ends of a pair of alloy stock wires (5) and (6) connected to each other is secured to the protective pipe (3) by a filler (4) of an inorganic compound such as heat resistant ceramic powder or dehydrated condensation glass.

Abstract: An immersion measuring probe for measurement in liquids, in particular in molten metals, has a carrier tube, a measuring head mounted on one end of the carrier tube, and measuring elements as well as signal lines for the measuring signals generated by the measuring elements arranged on the measuring head. The signal lines are longer than the carrier tube and run from the end of the measuring head facing the inside of the carrier tube. In order to improve the handling of the immersion measuring probe, the signal lines are guided through the inside of the carrier tube and are wound up there around its longitudinal axis.

Abstract: [0081] A thermocouple lance for measuring temperatures in molten metals has a protective sheath of multi-layered structure that makes it possible to improve the life expectancy of repetitive measuring devices. The thermocouple lance has a protective sheath with one closed end and one opened end wherein porous heat-resisting ceramic filler is compacted. Embedded in the filler is a pair of W—Re alloy wires dissimilar in their composition from each other. The protective sheath has a layered structure made from cermet layers each having a molybdenum matrix and other layers of at least one boundary layer selected from the class consisting of C, MgO, CaO, Al2O3 and ZrO2, the cermet layers and boundary layers overlapping each other in alternate layers. At least the outermost shell layer of the protective sheath is made of a cermet layer composed of any one of Mo—ZrN, Mo—ZrB2, Mo—ZrO2, Mo—ZrC and composite thereof.

Abstract: A thermocouple lance for measuring temperatures in molten metals has a protective sheath of multi-layered structure that makes it possible to improve the life expectancy of repetitive measuring services. The thermocouple lance comprises a protective sheath with one closed end and one open end wherein porous heat-resisting ceramic filler is compacted. Embedded in the filler is a pair of W—Re alloy wires dissimilar in their composition from each other. The protective sheath has the layered structure made from the cermet layers each having a molybdenum matrix and other layers of at least one selected from the class consisting of C, MgO, CaO, Al2O3 and ZrO2, both of which layers are overlapped each other in alternate layer. At least the outermost shell layer of the protective sheath is made of a cermet layer composed of any one of Mo—ZrN, Mo—ZrB2, Mo—ZrO2, Mo—ZrC and composite thereof.

Abstract: Apparatus for and a method of measuring the temperature of molten aluminum or aluminum alloys. The apparatus comprises a temperature measuring device, usually a thermocouple, contained within a protective tubular sheath, the sheath enclosing the temperature measuring device at least to a point above the point of maximum immersion in molten aluminum during use of the apparatus. The sheath comprises at least one inner layer closed at one end, and an outer layer, the outer layer being made of steel or cast iron, and the inner layer being made of a continuous refractory material. The outer layer and the at least one inner layer are free of discontinuous (refractory) refractory materials between them. The continuous refractory material may be, for example, a carbon fiber-reinforced carbon or graphite fiber-reinforced calcium silicate refractory, and is resistant to failure in, i.e. penetration by, molten aluminum or aluminum alloy.

Abstract: A protective device for a thermocouple for immersion into a molten metal bath to measure the temperature in the bath includes an elongated exterior protective body, which has an axis and is formed of a refractory composition. An interior reinforcing member is contained within the protective body extending along the axis. The reinforcing member may be in the form of a hollow tubular body which is filled with a refractory cement. A hollow tube is located within the body for protectively housing a thermocouple. A thermocouple for measuring temperatures in a molten metal bath is positioned in the hollow tube.

Abstract: A sensor arrangement for measuring the temperature of molten masses uses a receptacle having at least one strip-shaped or wire-shaped carrier and an opening on its upper side, with a thermoelement placed inside the receptacle. In order to make available a sensor arrangement for the exact determination of the liquidus temperature of molten cryolite, the receptacle is made of metal. A temperature measuring device with a sensor arrangement of this type, has at least one carrier mounted at its end facing away from the receptacle in a sleeve, the sleeve being detachably connected to a mounting device. In addition, a process for measuring the liquidus temperature of molten cryolite in a receptacle vibrates the receptacle during the cooling of the molten cryolite.

Abstract: There is provided a resin-silica sleeve or sheath for a sensor. The sheath has coating layer applied to its outer surface to improve the mechanical fracture strength and abrasion resistance of the sheath. The sheath, preferably, includes an inner layer or core and a non-reactive layer disposed about the inner layer, wherein the coating layer is disposed about the non-reactive layer.

Abstract: A thermocouple structure capable of measurement of a high temperature with a high accuracy is constituted of a protective pipe made of a heat-resistant ceramic; a pair of wires differing in kind and extending in the protective pipe from one end thereof to the other end thereof in the longitudinal direction thereof in a state of being spaced away from each other; a thin film constituting a temperature-sensing portion, made of a tungsten alloy, disposed on one end portion of said protective pipe, and connected to the wires; and a covering layer made of a heat-resistant ceramic and covering the thin film in such a way as to disallow exterior exposure of the thin film. The protective pipe is made of Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, and a filling member made of a powder mixture of Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 and TiN is filled in the protective pipe. Alternatively, a pair of printed strips differing in kind may be formed as wires in a protective pipe to provide such a thermocouple structure.

Abstract: Continuous temperature measurement for liquid steel has in the past been made only with a thermocouple with exponential drift. With a diameter ratio of about 2 between metal and ceramic wells and with exceptionally thin electrical insulation, a lower, calculable linear drift can be achieved thus giving a substantially longer service life.

Abstract: An improved thermocouple assembly suitable for measuring the temperature of molten metal, the thermocouple assembly having a sleeve comprised of a closed end suitable for immersing in the molten metal. The sleeve is fabricated from a composite material comprised of titanium alloy and having an outside surface to be exposed to the molten metal coated with a refractory resistant to attack by the molten metal; and a thermocouple located in the sleeve in heat transfer relationship therewith.

Abstract: A drop-in immersion probe for inserting into molten metal includes a generally cylindrical measurement head having an axis and a first axial end which is inwardly tapered toward the axis. The measurement head is made of a combination of materials having a combined density greater than the density of the molten metal. A sensor element extends outwardly from the first axial end of the measurement head proximate the axis and a slag cap covers the first end of the measurement head and the sensor element. A leadwire extends outwardly from the measurement head and has one end electrically connected to the sensor element. A portion of the leadwire extending outwardly from the measurement head is preferably covered by a protective sleeve of heat resistant material. In a preferred embodiment, the slag cap and the measurement head are covered with an ablative material to prevent the adherence of slag.

Abstract: An immersion probe for determining a liquidus temperature of a molten metal sample during solidification has a first refractory body with an immersion face, an interior sample chamber, and a passageway between the immersion face and an end wall of the chamber. A heat sink is positioned within the chamber adjacent the end wall and an insulating shield is positioned within the chamber adjacent the heat sink, each having an aperture corresponding to the inlet tube. The insulating shield sinks thermal energy from within the chamber at a second rate R.sub.2 slower than a first rate R.sub.1 of the interior walls of the chamber. A liquidus temperature sensor is positioned within the chamber away from the insulating shield. To determine the liquidus temperature, the probe is immersed in the molten metal, and a molten metal sample flows into the chamber through the passageway. When the flow ceases, the heat sink solidifies an adjacent portion of the molten metal and seals the sample within the chamber.

Abstract: An elongated protective device for an immersion pyrometer. The device comprises a self-supporting inner sheath made of a ceramic material having virtually no open pores and a protective, crack-free outer ceramic casing at least partially surrounding the inner sheath. The inner ceramic sheath has an interior cavity extending from an open end of the sheath internally to a closed end for receiving a thermocouple element. The thermocouple element is then positioned within the cavity with the hot junction of the thermocouple element contacting the closed end of the ceramic sheath. The device provides good corrosion, shock and oxidation resistance for pyrometers when immersed into molten metals and by-products at high temperatures.

Abstract: A temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of an abrasive particulate material of the type found, for example, in rotary calcining kilns and the like. The device comprises a temperature sensor producing an indication of a temperature to which the sensor is exposed, circuitry or the like for connecting the temperature sensor to remote equipment for converting the indication to a recognisable form and a protective element shielding the temperature sensor from damage by the abrasive particulate material. The protective element comprises a layer of ceramic material having a matrix of alumina reinforced with 5 to 50% by volume (based on the total volume of the ceramic material) of particles of silicon carbide having an average size, at least in two dimensions, within the range of about 5 to 60 microns. The protective element provides good abrasion, heat-shock and mechanical resistance while exhibiting sufficient thermal conductivity to avoid undue inaccuracies in the temperature measurements.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring temperatures in molten metals are known with a thermocouple arranged in a closed-end ceramic tube, wherein the junction of the thermocouple is located near the closed end of the tube, and with an outer protective casing which surrounds the closed-end tube and forms an annulus between the closed-end tube and the inner surface of the protective casing, the protective casing being substantially refractory metal oxide and graphite. To create a temperature measuring apparatus in which the thermocouple is protected by simple means from chemical destruction and thereby increases the life expectancy of the thermocouple, the annulus is substantially filled with a metal oxide powder and an oxygen-reducing means, the proportion of the oxygen-reducing means being approximately 5% by volume to approximately 95% by volume.

Abstract: An immersion-type temperature measuring apparatus using a thermocouple for measuring temperature of a melt, which comprises: a replaceable cartridge-type temperature sensor (11) for detecting a thermoelectromotive force corresponding to a temperature of a melt, the temperature sensor (11) comprising a thermocouple (13), a protecting tube (12) for protecting the thermocouple (13) from the melt, and a connector (16); a holder for releasably supporting the temperature sensor (11); a measuring instrument (28) for processing the thermoelectromotive force to determine the temperature of the melt; and an extension lead wire (25) for connecting the temperature sensor (11) with the measuring instrument (28). At least part of the above-mentioned protecting tube (12) is formed of a molybdenum-zirconia refractory consisting essentially of from 20 to 95 wt. % molybdenum and from 5 to 80 wt. % zirconia.

Abstract: An immersion sensor for molten metals has an electrically conducting support pin, whose one end is mounted in a refractory mounting material, and whose other free end has a first coating of a reference material and on top of this a second coating of a solid electrolyte material. The support pin has a third coating of a refractory material in the area of its mounted end, and this third coating on the one side extends into the mounting material, and on the other side extends into the solid electrolyte material. In order to obtain a quick reading and a stable EMF-value, the solid electrolyte material covers at least the end area of refractory coating nearest the free end of the support pin. A process for the manufacture of an intermediate for the immersion sensor applies the various coating materials of the immersion sensor in the order given above.

Abstract: The present invention relates to ceramics having excellent fusing damage resistivity against melt of metal or other inorganic materials. If a member formed of BN ceramics in the prior art comes into contact with melt of metal, glass or the like, the member would be readily fused and damaged at its contact portion. Hence, if AlN in the range of 1.ltoreq.AlN<50 weight % is added to BN ceramics containing 50 weight % or more of BN component, the fusing damage resistivity is greatly improved. Furthermore, Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 whose weight proportion relative to AlN content is 1.0-10.0%, is added, strength of the BN ceramics is greatly improved. A protective cap for a thermocouple formed of the ceramics according to the present invention is excellent in durability against molten metal, and so, continuous temperature measurement for molten metal is possible.

Abstract: A high-voltage electrical insulator (21) for electrically insulating a thermoelectric module (17) in a spacecraft from a niobium-1% zirconium alloy wall (11) of a heat exchanger (13) filled with liquid lithium (16) while providing good thermal conductivity between the heat exchanger and the thermoelectric module. The insulator (21) has a single crystal alumina layer (SxAl.sub.2 O.sub.3, sapphire) with a niobium foil layer (32) bonded thereto on the surface of the alumina crystal (26) facing the heat exchanger wall (11), and a molybdenum layer (31) bonded to the niobium layer (32) to act as an oxygen permeation barrier to preclude the oxygen depleting effects of the lithium from causing undesirable niobium-aluminum intermetallic layers near the alumina-niobium interface.

Abstract: A BOF drop-in sensor assembly includes a handle, a weight, a sensor, and a cage to protect the sensor. The weight includes a high density material having a density of at least 1.2 times the density of steel. The cage comprises crossed rods which are easily melted and which allow molten steel to quickly envelop the sensor providing a highly reliable and accurate reading.

Abstract: A thermocouple housing having a ceramic protection tube with a closed end for immersion into a metal melt and an open end for receiving thermocouple wires. The ceramic protection tube has a reduced diameter portion spaced from the open end by a distance x. A metal protection tube having a threaded end and adapted at an opposite end for attachment to a connection head for electrical connection of the thermocouple wires to a meter for measuring a potential difference between the wires is connected to the ceramic protection tube by an adaptor. The adaptor comprises a hollow body having a through passage which receives the ceramic protection tube at one end and the metal protection tube at an opposite end, the through passage being threaded for coupling to the metal protection tube. A radially inwardly directed shoulder projecting into the through passage is spaced from the threaded end by a distance which exceeds x and is dimensioned so as to accommodate the open end of the ceramic protection tube.

Abstract: A high voltage multitube alkali metal thermal electric convertor having a plurality of closely packed tubular cells disposed in a tube sheet in a vessel and electrically connected in series, the tube sheet dividing the vessel into a high pressure high temperature portion having a wick and heater disposed therein and a low pressure low temperature portion having a wick disposed in a condenser from which heat is removed; a pump for transferring liquid metal therebetween and a tab on a wick disposed in the tubular cell to remove excess liquid metal and prevent shorting between the cells.

Abstract: A protective tube is provided for a temperature sensor. The protective tube includes an inner metal tube including a chamber for containing a temperature sensor, an intermediate refractory sleeve surrounding and abutting at least a portion of the inner metal tube, and an outer refractory sleeve cast onto the intermediate refractory sleeve. The outer refractory sleeve covers the intermediate refractory sleeve and the inner metal tube inside the intermediate refractory sleeve. The intermediate refractory sleeve is made of an elastic material such as a ceramic refractory paper or coating or a fiberglass material that deforms during expansion and contraction of the inner metal tube and the outer refractory sleeve with changing temperature. The intermediate refractory sleeve provides a buffer between the inner metal tube and the outer refractory sleeve to minimize rupture of the outer refractory sleeve which might otherwise occur during expansion and contraction of the tube and sleeve with changing temperature.

Abstract: A lance thermocouple of the type used for immersion in molten metal baths is provided with means for cooling by passage of low pressure air through the interior of the thermocouple connector. Radial passageways intersecting with a central bore are provided. Optionally the air or other cooling gas is cooled further by flow through a conduit wrapped with a cooling coil containing cooling water. In accordance with the invention a supply of cooling gas at a pressure less than about 10 PSI is provided to the interior of the lance pole. The hot junction end of the thermocouple is immersed in molten metal while a stream of the cooling gas is caused to flow through the interior of the thermocouple connector, radially outward from the passages and subsequently vented to the atmosphere.

Abstract: An apparatus for the continuous high temperature measurement of materials in vessels lined with rammed or cast refractory materials. A refractory housing member is integral with the refractory lining of the vessel and contains a plurality of high temperature sensing means, such as thermocouples. A face of the housing is flush with the refractory lining and contacts the high temperature material contained in the vessel. Continuous temperature measurement is achieved by a means which is coupled to the thermocouples for indicating the temperature.

Abstract: A lance thermocouple of the type used for immersion in molten metal baths is provided with means for cooling by passage of low pressure air through the interior of the thermocouple connector. Radial passageways intersecting with a central bore are provided. Optionally the air or other cooling gas is cooled further by flow through a conduit wrapped with a cooling coil containing cooling water.

Abstract: A thermocouple assembly for sensing temperatures of molten metals in a metallurgical vessel, such as a tundish used in continuous steel casting, includes a double bore insulator containing the two noble metal alloy lead wires of the thermocouple. Platinum-rhodium alloys are preferred. The weld bead joining the ends of the leads or hot junction of the thermocouple is positioned within one of the bores of the insulator such that a lower purity alloy lead is exposed in the loop. The loop resides in a blind bore formed in the end of the double bore insulator and is enclosed in a containmemt zone by a refractory plug or foil disc closing off the end of the blind bore. The double bore insulator is received in an axial bore of a refractory sheath having a closed end adjacent the loop area of the thermocouple.

Abstract: Disclosed is a protective thermocouple sheath of a magnesia graphite refractory material for use in continuous temperature measurements of molten metal in a metallurgical ladle and having a basic slag layer thereon. The sheath includes an elongated torpedo-shaped sheath body formed of a refractory composition and having an interior borehole extending axially therethrough and adapted to receive a thermocouple. The sheath body includes a lower end which is closed about the borehole and forms a narrow, tapered tip. The sheath body also includes a first body portion integral with the tapered tip and having a relatively constant cross section and providing a thin wall around the borehole. The sheath body also includes a second body portion having a relatively constant cross section larger than the cross section of the first body portion and providing a thicker wall around the borehole. The borehole terminates in an open end at the second body portion.

Abstract: A thermocouple cable (10) has a positive and negative thermoelement (14) conforming to the standard emf-temperature specification for type K thermocouples, a sheath (12) and compacted ceramic (16) insulating the thermoelements (14) from each other and from the sheath (12). The sheath comprises an oxidation resistant allow having a thermal coefficient substantially the same as that of the negative thermoelement and a melting point in excess of 1300.degree. C.; the sheath preferably being formed from nickel based alloy, such as a nickel-chromium alloy. The positive and negative thermoelements preferably also comprise nickel-based alloys.

Abstract: This invention pertains to an improved high temperature slag resistant thermocouple sheath for protecting thermocouples used to measure the temperature of synthesis gas, reducing gas, or fuel gas produced by the partial oxidation of ash-containing liquid hydrocarbonaceous and/or solid carbonaceous fuels. The protection thermocouple sheath is made from a continuous binary alloy consisting of about 30 to 70 wt. % of palladium and the remainder silver. It may be used over a temperature range of about 1000.degree. F. to 2400.degree. F.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuously measuring temperatures of molten metal including a thermocouple unit (A) and an immersion protection tube unit (B), wherein the thermocouple unit (A) comprises a thermocouple (1) having an end equipped with a temperature sensing element (8) and an opposite end connected to terminals (2), an insulator (9) of substantially one piece containing the thermocouple (1), a porcelain protection tube (6) of high airtightness containing the insulator (9), and a terminal box (3) having an extension sleeve (5) with which the upper part of the porcelain protection tube (6) is held and having a housing (20) which contains the terminals (2). The immersion protection tube unit (B) comprises an alumina-graphite protection tube (21), a holding sleeve (22) with a flange which is connected to the upper part of the alumina-graphite protection tube (21), and a connecting sleeve (26) connected with the holding sleeve (22).

Abstract: An immersion probe as a preassembled unit includes a measuring head having a measuring element protected for minimizing trapping of gases by a sheath. The sheath is tapered toward a free end. The probe is adapted to be immersed in molten metal for measuring temperature and/or oxygen content.