Abstract: A hybrid contact tray for a mass transfer column is provided. The contact tray includes a tray deck for passage of liquid along a liquid flow path thereon. The tray deck has a plurality of orifices for passage of ascending vapor through the tray deck, a cross-current vapor-liquid mixing section having a first portion of the plurality of orifices, and a co-current vapor-liquid mixing section including at least one co-current mixing device associated with a second portion of the plurality of orifices. The tray deck also has features capable of altering liquid head levels with respect to the plurality of orifices such that the liquid head level within the co-current vapor-liquid mixing section is greater than the liquid head level within the cross-current vapor-liquid mixing section.

Abstract: A high voltage propellant isolator includes at least two different types of isolator rings or segments, in alternating lateral arrangement, that direct the flow of propellant, such as xenon gas, in a tortuous path through the isolator.

Abstract: A high voltage propellant isolator includes at least two different types of isolator rings or segments, in alternating lateral arrangement, that direct the flow of propellant, such as xenon gas, in a tortuous path through the isolator.

Abstract: A high voltage propellant isolator includes at least two different types of isolator rings or segments, in alternating lateral arrangement, that direct the flow of propellant, such as xenon gas, in a tortuous path through the isolator.

Abstract: A layered particle for use in forming toner may be formed by forming a core region; polymerizing in the presence of the core region at least one monomer feed to form at least one intermediate layer on the core region; and polymerizing in the presence of the core region with at least one intermediate layer thereon a final monomer feed. In the process, each monomer feed is different from the previous monomer feed so as to form different polymer layers.

Abstract: A siphon is provided having a generally S-shaped configuration with a widely flaring inlet and discharge. The siphon is adapted for use with a fluid storage tank which is positioned adjacent a trough to be flushed by the siphon. The siphon discharge opens upward onto a floor surface of the trough. The siphon inlet is provided with a weep hole. The siphon includes a trigger mechanism which activates a flushing mode of the siphon during a flushing cycle. Multiple siphons may be interconnected by the trigger mechanism so as to produce simultaneous flushing thereof.

Abstract: A gas-plug type valve has a capillary pipe for introduction of pneumatic starting control signals, a further pipe for introduction of pneumatic locking control signals, and a through-flow pipe connected with these pipes and having four straight sections and three curves which connect the sections with one another, wherein the capillary pipe is connected with a medium curve, and the further pipe is connected with the through-flow pipe in the region between an outer curve closer to an inlet end and the medium curve.

Abstract: A liquid-plug-creating device includes a collection tank or basin into which liquid flows such as the outflow from sanitary appliances. From the outlet at the bottom of the tank a riser extends upwardly at an acute angle to the horizontal. At the opposite end from the tank outlet, the riser terminates in a bend which reverses the direction of flow through the riser into a downwardly extending vertical pipe. A U-shaped piece of pipe with a horizontal outlet is connected to the lower end of the vertical pipe and provides a special form of trap. When the tank and the riser are completely filled with liquid, any additional liquid added exceeding a minimum flow, causes a liquid seal to be formed in the piece of pipe at the lower end of the vertical pipe. The excess flow creates a vacuum in the vertical pipe which sucks the liquid through the riser out of the tank in the manner of a siphon. The liquid immerges from the device in the form of continuous plugs with high kinetic energy content.

Abstract: Hydraulic syphon with automatic reflux, working in tanks disposed at whichever height from the discharge point, particularly for the discharge of the tanks for the flushing of water closets.Two cylindrical tubular elements are disposed, in a position reciprocally inverted with respect to each other, into two other cylindrical tubular elements in such a way as to form annular communicating cavities, which in the syphon's resting position are filled with liquid and gas under pressure. It is thereby obtained an equilibrium between the outer hydrostatic pressure and that inside the syphon.Bell shaped floating means are solid with one of the cylindrical tubular elements, which are however all solid with each other and, through these, with sealing means made of elastic material, which take care of the closing and respectively opening of the tanks.

Abstract: Apparatus for pulsing the flow of the liquid between the trays of a distillation column with only a small change in liquid level. In the preferred embodiment, a dome-like capping plate is mounted over the upper end of a downcomer conduit and overlaps the portion of the downcomer which extends above the fractionation tray as a weir to form a sealed liquid passageway having the shape of an inverted U. A siphon which starts when liquid is pushed over the top of the weir is broken when the liquid level on the tray falls to the lower end of a U-shaped conduit communicating with the upper volume of the capping plate.