Abstract: An automatic analyzer analyzes a measurement item by making a sample and reagent react with each other and measuring the reaction result. This apparatus allows parameters associated with reagent dispensing executed by a reagent dispensing mechanism to be set as a dispensing condition for each measurement item or each type of reagent, and controls the reagent dispensing mechanism on the basis of the dispensing condition.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a method for feeding hot gas to a shaft furnace (12), wherein the method comprises feeding a first portion (32) of a first gas flow (24) to a mixing chamber (36) and feeding a second portion (34) of the first gas flow (24) into said shaft furnace. The method further comprises feeding a second gas flow (28) to the mixing chamber (36), allowing the first portion (32) of the first gas flow (24) to mix with the second gas flow (28) in the mixing chamber (36), thereby forming a third gas flow (38), and feeding the third gas flow (38) to the shaft furnace (12). The first gas flow (24) has a first volumetric fluid flow rate (V1), a first temperature (T1) and a first pressure (p1); the second gas flow (28) has a second volumetric fluid flow rate (V2), a second temperature (T2) and a second pressure (p2); and the third gas flow (38) has a third volumetric fluid flow rate (V3), a third temperature (T3) and a third pressure (p3).

Abstract: A method of altering the heating value of a liquefied natural gas by adding higher heating value components is disclosed. A portion of the liquefied natural gas is used to cool the higher heating value component stream prior to combining the higher heating value components with the liquefied natural gas to obtain a combined stream having a heating value greater than the liquefied natural gas.

Abstract: A method of altering the heating value of a liquefied natural gas by adding higher heating value components is disclosed. A portion of the liquefied natural gas is used to cool the higher heating value component stream prior to combining the higher heating value components with the liquefied natural gas to obtain a combined stream having a heating value greater than the liquefied natural gas.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for reducing a heating value of natural gas. The system includes a heat exchanger to liquefy a portion of components having high heating values, a gas-liquid separator to separate the liquefied component, and a nitrogen adding mechanism to add nitrogen to remaining non-liquefied components. The system includes an additional heat exchanger to cool and liquefy the remaining non-liquefied components after the gas-liquid separator separates the liquefied component from the natural gas. The heat exchangers employ cold heat generated upon regasification of LNG. The system can reduce the heating value of natural gas composed of a variety of hydrocarbon components according to requirements of a place of demand by separating the component with the higher heating value from the natural gas to allow the separated component to be used as fuel, thereby reducing an overall size and operating costs of the system.

Abstract: In the past, “compensated” salt caverns have operated with a compensating liquid, such as brine to displace a stored liquid, such as crude oil, when the stored liquid is needed on the surface. Virtually all of the stored liquid in a compensated salt cavern can be expelled from the salt cavern when it is filled with the compensating liquid. In the past, “uncompensated” salt caverns have been used to store gases, such as natural gas. Uncompensated caverns operate without any compensating liquid; instead they rely on pressure. Some of the stored gas (cushion gas) must always be left in an uncompensated salt cavern. This invention breaks with convention and uses a compensating liquid in a salt cavern to store gases which is a technique believed to be previously unknown. “Cushion gas” is not required because the compensating liquid displaces virtually all of the gas in the salt cavern.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plasma spraying device (1) for spraying a coating (2) onto a substrate (3) by a thermal spray process. Said plasma spraying device (1) includes a plasma torch (4) for heating up a plasma gas (5) in a heating zone (6), wherein the plasma torch (4) includes a nozzle body (7) for forming a plasma gas stream (8), and said plasma torch (4) having an aperture (9) running along a central longitudinal axis (10) through said nozzle body (7). The aperture (9) has an convergent section (11) with an inlet (12) for the plasma gas (5), a throat section (13) including a minimum cross-sectional area of the aperture, and a divergent section (14) with an outlet (15) for the plasma gas stream (8), wherein an introducing duct (16) is provided for introducing a liquid precursor (17) into the plasma gas stream (8). According to the invention a penetration means (18, 161, 181, 182) is provided to penetrate the liquid precursor (17) inside the plasma gas stream (8).

Abstract: A continuous blending system can be used to prepare burner fuel or blasting agent, and includes a mixer, a first hydrocarbon system, a second hydrocarbon mixer, and a computing system. The mixer is configured for continuously mixing a continuous supply of a first hydrocarbon and a continuous supply of second hydrocarbon to provide a mixed hydrocarbon at a flow rate and a predefined ratio of first and second hydrocarbon. The first hydrocarbon system provides a continuous flow of first hydrocarbon into the mixer. The second hydrocarbon system provides a continuous flow of second hydrocarbon system into the mixer. The computing system is in communication with and configured for simultaneously controlling the first and second hydrocarbon systems in order to obtain the mixed hydrocarbon at the predefined flow rate and at the predefined ratio of first and second hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Described herein are methods, systems, and articles that are useful for controlling a fluid blending system, such as a fluid utility system. The methods, systems, and articles of this invention allow for the control of both a quantity metric (e.g., pressure) of the blended fluid the fluid blending system as well as at least one quality metric of a blended fluid in a fluid blending system. For example, the methods, systems, and articles of this invention provide for the simultaneous control of both the pressure and quality of fuel gas within a fuel gas header system.

Abstract: A pressure proving gas valve insures safe and efficient operation of a fuel-burning appliance by monitoring combustion air pressure and appropriately controlling the valve based upon this air pressure. An air pressure sensor is incorporated into a pressure proving valve housing itself thus providing integrated solution for the control of the combustion process. Consequently, when heat is called for, no fuel is provided to the combustion chamber unless appropriate combustion air pressure is sensed. Further, by monitoring the actual air pressure, additional control capability is provided. That is, a variable speed blower associated with the combustion apparatus can be controlled to provide very precise fuel to air mixtures.

Abstract: A flow regulator has a pair of side walls extending generally parallel to one another, a bottom wall connecting the side walls to one another and defining an elongate channel for receiving a compressible tube, a roller rotatably and shiftably mounted to the side walls for rolling along the tube in the channel and compressing the tube against the bottom wall. The bottom wall is provided with a formation which varies from a first end of the channel towards an opposite, second end thereof, whereby compressive force applied to the tube via the roller is different at different longitudinal positions of the roller along the channel. A bracket or bow-shaped bridge is disposed about or between the side walls at one end of the channel. The bracket is in contact with outer surfaces of the side walls only in regions of the side walls spaced from the bottom wall. The bracket or bridge is advantageously made with less inherent stiffness than the assembly defining the elongate channel.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is: processes for the evaluation and the regulation, to a value P0, of the net (or gross) thermal power P of a flow of a combustible gas CG of composition close to that of a reference gas, said flow of gas passing through a flowmeter (7) of thermal mass technology, which is standardized, or standardized and calibrated, for said reference gas; a method of characterizing a flowmeter of thermal mass technology.

Abstract: A process for the dynamic manufacture and packaging of gas mixtures containing a first component and a second component in predefined proportions, the first and second components being chosen from the group formed by O2, N2, He and N2O, in which predetermined proportions of the first and second components are dynamically mixed in order to obtain a gas mixture of the desired composition and the temperature of the mixture is adjusted in order to keep it above the demixing threshold temperature of the mixture. This process is particularly suitable for the production of analgesic gas mixtures that can be used in the medical field, particularly a mixture formed from 50% oxygen and 50% nitrous oxide.

Abstract: A hot feed gas is controlled by utilizing a nuclear magnetic resonance analyzer to analyze the composition of the gas and to provide at least one corresponding composition signal. A valve controls the flow of the gas in accordance with a control signal. A network connected to the analyzer and to the valve provides the control signal to the values in accordance with the composition signal so as to control the flow of the gas as a function of the composition of the gas.

Abstract: When both main surface sides of a substrate doped with an impurity at a lower concentraiton are subjected to diffusion to form a higher concentrated impurity layer on the surfaces, about a half of the thickness of the substrate is removed to expose a layer doped with the impurity at the lower concentration on one surface of the substrate. Then the exposed lower concentrated impurity layer is polished to provide the substrate for semiconductor device comprising double layers composed of higher and lower concentrated impurities.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for controlling the distribution of secondary air (30) between at least two fuel burners (14,16) in a multiple fuel combustor (16). Total chemical energies of the individual fuel streams (44,60) are determined and compared (64,66) with the total combustor chemical energy input (62) for controlling biasing means (32,34). The determination of at least one individual fuel total chemical energy content (60) may optionally include a prompt neutron activation type analyzer (48) for on-line measurement of specific fuel chemical energy (59).

Abstract: In a process in which a fuel gas stream having a high BTU content is mixed with a fuel gas stream having a low BTU content to form a mixed fuel gas stream, the flow rate of the high BTU content fuel gas stream is manipulated to maintain a desired BTU content for the mixed fuel gas stream unless such control based on the desired BTU content for the mixed fuel gas stream would result in condensation in the mixed fuel gas stream. If condensation would occur, then the flow rate of the high BTU content fuel gas stream is manipulated so as to maintain the actual dew point temperature of the mixed fuel gas stream below the actual temperature of the mixed fuel gas stream to prevent condensation.

Abstract: The well-known "Jack-shaft" or "Single-point" positioning or a two-point parallel combustion control system has been modified by a trim link member articulated on the master arm to introduce a phase angle between the master arm associated with fuel supply adjustment and the slave arm associated with the combustive agent supply adjustment in a combustion engine, boiler, heater, or the like, thereby to permit oxygen or air-to-fuel ratio adjustment at all times.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for changing the calibrated linkage relationship between two flow control devices of combustion apparatus without impeding the normal operation of the associated process. Means are provided, responsive to remote, manual or automatic control, to calibrate a jackshaft linkage type of control apparatus in order to provide for range changes and zero adjustment.

Abstract: The ratio of fuel to oxidant in a gas mixture to main burners in a furnace, wherein the fuel is of variable composition, is controlled to a predetermined level by burning a portion of the fuel in a control burner, adjusting the oxidant to obtain a ratio of fuel to oxidant near the stoichiometric ratio in the control burner and supplying the main burners with independent preset multiples of the fuel and oxidant flow in the control burner such that the predetermined ratio of fuel to oxidant is achieved.The stoichiometric ratio is determined by automatic searching for the peak value of a burning or burned fuel property which has a maximum value as a function of the fuel/oxidant ratio at or near the stoichiometric ratio. For example, the temperature of the burned fuel is a property which may be used to find the stoichiometric ratio.

Abstract: A system for burning two fuels in a burner wherein the second fuel is available in varying amounts. In response to the sensing of the available supply of the second fuel and the sensing of the total fuel required to be supplied to the burner, the system proportions the total fuel supplied to the burner between the first and second fuels to use as much of the second fuel as the supply will permit to meet the total fuel requirement. In addition, the system cuts off the supply of the first fuel to the burner when the available supply of the second fuel is adequate to meet the total fuel requirement and turns on the supply of the first fuel when the available supply of the second fuel is not adequate to meet the total fuel requirement.