Abstract: A valve includes a solenoid with a chamber housing a pin that actuates when the solenoid is energized. The valve also includes a spool housed within a sleeve. The sleeve includes a supply section with a supply port in communication with a supply source and a tank section with a tank port in communication with a reservoir. The spool includes a body including a first passage receiving fluid from the supply source when an opening for the first passage aligns with the supply port. When the solenoid is energized and the opening for the first passage aligns with the supply port, fluid from the supply source (i) applies a force to the spool body in a direction of actuation by the pin and (ii) flows to a second passage within the valve.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle includes an engine, a switching valve, and an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit configured to perform switching from the engine travel mode to the EV travel mode through a first stage to start the filling control when it is determined that the possibility is high that the engine stop condition will be established afterwards while the engine travel mode is selected, a second stage to start the clutch release control by switching the switching valve to the second state in response to establishment of the engine stop condition, and a third stage to stop operation of the engine after completion of the clutch release control.

Abstract: A method of operating a multi-engine aircraft having two or more gas turbine engines includes operating a first engine in a powered mode to provide motive power to the aircraft, and, in flight, operating a second engine in either a powered mode to provide motive power to the aircraft or in a standby mode to provide substantially no motive power to the aircraft. When operating the second engine in the powered mode, pressurized air is bled from a first bleed location of a compressor of the second engine. When operating the second engine in the standby mode, pressurized air is bled from a second bleed location of the compressor of the second engine and supplying the pressurized air to a bleed air system of the second engine. The second bleed location is downstream of the first bleed location within the compressor of the second engine.

Abstract: A vehicle control unit performs filling control in which the vehicle control unit boosts an oil pressure in a second oil passage by supplying electric power to a pressure regulating valve with a switch valve being in a first state in which the switch valve connects a first oil passage to a clutch and disconnects the second oil passage from the clutch, torque replacement control in which the vehicle control unit increases motor torque while reducing shaft torque of an engine, and clutch disengagement control in which the vehicle control unit disengages the clutch while performing hydraulic control by the pressure regulating valve with the switch valve being in the second state in which the switch valve connects the second oil passage to the clutch and disconnects the first oil passage from the clutch.

Abstract: A valve assembly for regulating the flow of working fluid between a working chamber of a fluid working machine and a working fluid gallery comprises: a valve comprising a valve member and one or more cooperating valve seats; an actuator actuatable to apply a force to urge the valve member away from or towards the one or more valve seats; and a coupling between the actuator and the valve member. The coupling comprises a connector located at least partially within a tube. A connector void provided between at least a portion of the connector and the tube is in fluid communication with a working fluid gallery outlet.

Abstract: A pilot-actuated spool valve comprises a generally cylindrical valve cage having a central axial cavity open at both ends and a plurality of generally radial openings connecting the central axial cavity to the external cylindrical surface of the cage; a valve sleeve sized to slide within the central axial cavity of the cage and having a first sealing surface at a first end and a second sealing surface at an opposing second end; a piston responsive to fluid pressure at a pilot inlet of the valve; a piston rod connected at a first end to the piston and having a threaded second end opposite the first end; and a cap nut in threaded engagement with the second end of the piston rod securing the valve sleeve to the piston rod. The cap nut is sized and configured to provide a clearance gap between the cap nut and the valve sleeve when the cap nut is fully tightened onto the threaded second end of the piston rod.

Abstract: An electromagnetic valve manifold includes a manifold base including passages, a pilot electromagnetic valve including a valve body mounted on a mounting surface of the manifold base, a gasket arranged between the mounting surface and the valve body, and a check valve. The valve body includes an electromagnetic valve-side pilot fluid discharge passage. The manifold base includes a base-side pilot fluid discharge passage that opens in the mounting surface and communicates with the electromagnetic valve-side pilot fluid discharge passage. The check valve is configured to prevent fluid from flowing from the base-side pilot fluid discharge passage to the electromagnetic valve-side pilot fluid discharge passage. The check valve is integrated with the gasket.

Abstract: A solenoid assembly made with a one-piece metallic valve body having: a closed end; an open end; a central opening that communicates with multiple ports and an attachment portion adjacent to the open end. A movable armature positioned in the central opening has a free end that extends beyond the open end. A coil bobbin receives the free end of the movable armature and acts in response to electrical signals. The housing enclosing the coil bobbin attaches to the valve body to unify the coil bobbin and valve body as a solenoid.

Abstract: A plug for retaining a filter screen in a fluid port of a servovalve, comprises an annular body, the annular body comprising: opposed first and second axial end surfaces, a radially inner surface extending between the first and second axial end surfaces, a radially outer surface extending between the first and second axial end surfaces and at least one recess formed in the radially inner surface for receiving a tool for removing the plug from the port. A tool for removing the plug comprises a pair of handles pivotally mounted to one another about a pivot, each handle having a plug gripping portion extending therefrom beyond the pivot, each plug gripping portion comprising an outwardly projecting tooth for engaging in the recess of the plug when the plug gripping portions are moved apart by operation of the handles.

Abstract: A hydraulic solenoid valve including a first port, a second port, a third port, a housing having at least one land between the first port and the second port, the at least one land including at least one balancing groove, and a spool that moves within the housing. The first port has a pressure higher pressure than a pressure of the second port, and the at least one centering groove is in communication with the third port. A flow of hydraulic fluid from the first port to the third port helps remove contamination from the at least one balancing groove and/or a flow of hydraulic fluid from the third port to the second port helps remove contamination from the at least one balancing groove.

Abstract: Main channels are provided in a base body so as to pass through the base body in a direction of arranging valve mounting regions in a row. In addition, communicating openings are also provided in the base body so as to allow the main channels to communicate with a valve mounting surface that is the top surface of the base body. The communicating openings open at the valve mounting surface so as to cross the valve mounting regions, and silencers is installed in respective communicating openings so as to extend in the longitudinal direction of the communicating openings.

Abstract: An integrated multiple valve manifold that is reduced in size and weight by integrally incorporating a plurality of valve mechanisms in one manifold. The one manifold, which is formed of an extruded material through which a fluid supply hole and fluid discharge holes extend, includes a plurality of valve holes each of which communicates with the fluid supply hole and the fluid discharge holes by directly intersecting both of the fluid supply hole and the fluid discharge holes, output ports that are formed so as to individually communicate with the valve holes, spools that are slidably inserted into the valve holes, and electromagnetic pilot valves that are individually attached to one ends or both ends of the valve holes.

Abstract: A valve includes a bore within a valve body having a central axis. A plurality of galleries in the bore define flow paths for hydraulic fluid. A spool is positioned in the bore, and the spool is moveable along the central axis between a first position in which hydraulic fluid from a central pump gallery is prevented from flowing to first and second working galleries and from flowing to one or more tank galleries; a second position in which hydraulic fluid from the central pump gallery is in fluid communication with both the first and second working galleries simultaneously; and a third position in which the first and second working galleries are in fluid communication with the one or more tank galleries simultaneously.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a new and improved solenoid-controlled, liquid cryogenic-hydraulically actuated valve assembly wherein, in addition to the valve assembly controlling the flow of liquid cryogenic fluid therethrough, a portion of the liquid cryogenic fluid is effectively utilized to hydraulically actuate and control OPEN and CLOSED valves to predetermined positions such that the flow of cryogenic fluid, through the valve assembly from an inlet flange to an outlet flange of the valve assembly, is permitted or prevented.

Abstract: A transfer valve includes a spool comprising a first circumferential flow channel at a first axial position of the spool and a second circumferential flow channel at a second axial position of the spool. The first circumferential flow channel and the second circumferential flow channel have different circumferential positions and are defined only partially circumferentially, and a sleeve disposed over the spool. The sleeve includes at least three flow windows defined through the sleeve at an axial position of the sleeve, each flow window having different circumferential positions on the sleeve. The spool is configured to translate within the sleeve between a first position and a second position.

Abstract: An actuator controller for actuating an actuator which can be operated fluidically, having a feed line for an inflow of the working fluid to an actuator connector and having a discharge line for an outflow of the working fluid to a fluid outlet, wherein the feed line is assigned a feed line valve and the discharge line is assigned a discharge valve, which valves are configured in each case to influence a volumetric fluid flow at the actuator connector, and having a control device for actuation of the feed line valve and the discharge valve. A throughflow sensor is arranged in a line section between the discharge valve and the fluid outlet, which throughflow sensor is configured for determining a volumetric fluid flow in the discharge line and for providing a throughflow signal.

Abstract: A header is supported by a pair of hydraulic float cylinders, where a float pressure to the cylinders is directly controlled by an electronic control supplying a variable control signal to a PPRR valve arrangement to maintain the float pressure at a predetermined value. At the set pressure a predetermined lifting force is provided to the header. A position sensor is used to generate an indication of movement and/or acceleration and/or velocity. The electronic control is arranged, in response to changes in the sensor signal, to temporarily change the control signal to vary the lifting force and thus change the dynamic response of the hydraulic float cylinder. A lift force greater than that required to lift the header can be provided by a lift cylinder and can be opposed in a controlled manner to apply a controlled downforce by the back of the same cylinder or by a separate component.

Abstract: An example valve includes: a piston movable between a neutral position and an actuated position, wherein in the neutral position: a second port of the valve is fluidly coupled to a first port, and a third port is fluidly decoupled from the second port; a solenoid actuator sleeve movable between an unactuated state and an actuated state, wherein in the actuated state, the solenoid actuator sleeve allows pilot fluid to apply a fluid force on a piston in a distal direction; a first feedback spring; and a second feedback spring disposed in series with the first feedback spring, wherein the first feedback spring and the second feedback spring cooperate to apply a biasing force in a proximal direction on the piston against the fluid force, wherein the piston is configured to move to the actuated position based on a balance between the fluid force and the biasing force.

Abstract: Apparatus to bias spool valves using supply pressure are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a sleeve of a spool valve, and a spool within the sleeve to control a flow of fluid at a supply pressure through the spool valve as the spool is moved relative to the sleeve in response to a variable input force. A biasing force is to bias the spool opposite the variable input force. The biasing force is to be generated from a biasing pressure of the fluid within a chamber adjacent a biasing end of the spool. The biasing pressure is to be based on the fluid at the supply pressure provided directly to the chamber from a supply of the fluid independent of the flow of the fluid through the spool valve.

Abstract: A Control unit of a hydraulic unit comprises a control piston slidable arranged in a control cylinder to provide a hydraulic fluid under servo pressure at a first outlet of the control unit suitable for the displacement of the hydraulic unit. The servo pressure is proportional to a sum of the inner forces of the hydraulic unit and the operational forces act on the control unit. The hydraulic fluid provided at the outlet is fed by a charge pressure supply at charge pressure at an inlet of the control unit. The control piston has a blind bore in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the control unit, in which a pressure relief valve is arranged functioning as a pilot-control unit having a two-sided pressure relief piston arranged in the blind bore and slidable relative to the control piston by means of an actuator.

Abstract: The present inventive concept relates to a lead wire connector and a solenoid valve including the same, the lead wire connector preventing the inflow of foreign substances containing water, facilitating a layout design for coupling and separation, and being conveniently transported and stored. The lead wire connector comprises: an insulation block protruding to the outside of a solenoid; a power terminal provided inside the insulation block and electrically connected to the solenoid; a lead wire connected to the power terminal and extended to the outside of the insulation block; a wire tube encompassing at least a part of the lead wire; and a connector provided at the end of the lead wire. In addition, the solenoid valve includes the solenoid operated according to whether electric power is applied thereto.

Abstract: The invention describes a system which has a solenoid valve and a base provided with one or more housings adapted for receiving a single solenoid valve. Each solenoid valve and each housing of the base has a respective compressed air inlet ducts, first compressed air delivery ducts, second compressed air delivery ducts, first air discharge ducts and second air discharge ducts. The respective ducts are placed in fluid connection with one another. Each solenoid valve is provided with an air slide valve, configured to selectively place in fluid connection the ducts of the solenoid valve. The air slide valve consists of a single spool movable with reciprocating motion along a predefined direction. Each base is provided with a Y-shaped coupling, configured to connect the first compressed air delivery duct of the base and the second compressed air delivery duct of the base, so as to convey the compressed air towards a single outlet hole.

Abstract: A directional control valve comprising: a body, an actuator configured to switch the directional control valve between two or more states, a manual activation button configured to initiate actuation of the actuator when pressed, a safety member configured to slide along a guide of the body between a first position and a second position, a coupling member configured to couple the directional control valve to other directional control valves, and a guard removably disposed between the safety member and the coupling member. The safety member prevents the manual actuation button from being actuated when it is in the first position and the manual actuation button can be manually actuated when the safety member is in the second position. In addition, the guard is configured to prevent the safety member from sliding to the second position when the guard is disposed between the safety member and the coupling member.

Abstract: Many operators choose not to utilise partial-stroke testing arrangements even when the equipment required for it to be performed is available, due to a perceived risk of over-travel and/or spurious trip. To alleviate this, we describe a safety valve system comprising a valve operable to move between an operating state and a safe state, a valve actuator operatively connected to the valve to control its state, and including a bias toward the safe state, a pair of drive members powered by a pressure media, each acting against the bias to urge the valve toward the operating state, a first control valve arranged to selectively convey pressure media to both drive members and to withdraw supply on receipt of a safety trigger, and a second control valve arranged to selectively convey pressure media to one drive member only of the pair and to withdraw supply on receipt of a test signal.

Abstract: Generally described, embodiments are directed to an adapter for use with one or more connectors for coupling to an electronic device. The adapter receives the one or more separate connectors to form a connector assembly that is configured to be inserted into one or more sockets of an electronic device, such as an energy logger device. In at least one embodiment, the adapter includes one or more sealing rings that improve the sealing between the respective one or more connectors and one or more sockets to improve the integrity of the electrical coupling therebetween.

Abstract: A fluid pressure control device includes a first circuit system having a first pump and a first control valve. The first circuit system includes an intermediate cut valve provided downstream of the first control valve in a first intermediate passage and which connects and disconnects a connection between the first intermediate passage and the tank, and an external output port communicating at a part downstream of the first control valve in the first intermediate passage and upstream of the intermediate cut valve, the external output port being capable of externally supplying working fluid discharged from the first pump.

Abstract: Embodiments of a directional valve assembly that provides a single device with functionality of a two-position design for automated operation and functionality of a three-position design for manual operation. The embodiments can include a housing with a piston chamber and a spool member that transits in the housing to regulate the flow of a working fluid to a cylinder. The embodiments can also have one or more pilot operators that regulate the flow of pilot air into the piston chamber to move the spool member between two positions, i.e., two open positions. The embodiments can also have a manual operator (e.g., a lever) that can move the spool to the open positions and to a closed position. In one embodiment, the spool member is configured to remain in either a first position, a second position, or a third position in the absence of an outside stimulus on the pilot operators.

Abstract: A sensor device comprises a sensor element for measuring a stimulus and generating a corresponding signal, an ADC for convert the signal to a multi-bit digital signal, a memory unit for storing the digital signal, and a timing unit for switching off the sensor element when the ADC is converting the signal and for switching off the ADC after the digital signal is stored in the memory.

Abstract: A servovalve comprising a motor, a motor bias mechanism, a first stage valve having a first position, a second stage valve movable with movement of the first valve, a reference member in fluid communication with the second valve, a transfer link acting between the first valve and the reference member, an eccentric drive acting between the motor and transfer link, wherein movement of the motor causes the transfer link to move the first valve, movement of the first valve causes the second valve member to move, movement of the second valve applies on the reference member a pressure differential from a load, the pressure differential on the reference member causes movement of the reference member, and movement of the reference member causes the transfer link to move the first valve back to the first position.

Abstract: A two-stage proportional control valve configured for use in a fluid system includes a valve body having a longitudinally extending valve body bore formed therethrough. A first stage microvalve is mounted within the valve body bore, and a second stage spool assembly is mounted within the valve body bore downstream of the microvalve. The second stage spool assembly includes a sleeve and a spool slidably mounted within the sleeve.

Abstract: A patient support includes a cover defining an interior region, an air permeable first layer located in the interior region, at least one air supply coupled to the first layer to provide air flow through the first layer, a support layer located beneath the air permeable first layer, a pressure sensing layer located underneath the support layer, and a controller coupled to the air supply and to the pressure sensing layer. The controller controls air flow through the first layer in response to a signal from the pressure sensing layer.

Abstract: Device for supplying water with temperature and flow adjustment and related usage methods. Temperature and flow adjustment device of the type comprising a cold-water inlet and a hot-water inlet each provided with solenoid valves that are adjustable by the user using means for selecting the flow rate and temperature of the water mixed to be supplied and a control unit to adjust the flow rates of cold water and hot water supplied by the respective inlets, in which the device also comprises a mixer connected downstream of the solenoid valves and a mixed-water output characterized in that the inlets of the mixer coming from the solenoid valves face one another.

Abstract: A hydraulic valve with electropneumatic activation includes an air inlet that receives pressurized air from an air compressor and directs it into a line of the cylinder. The line is connected to an extension line attached to a solenoid extension valve that allows or blocks the passage of pressurized air from the extension line to a rear line. The rear line is attached to the rear chamber of the cylinder and connected to a retraction line attached to a solenoid retraction valve that allows or blocks the passage of pressurized air from the retraction line to an anterior line, which is attached to the front chamber of the cylinder. Thus, the passage of pressurized air is managed according to the desired movement of the stem of the hydraulic actuator. The pneumatic tubes are eliminated and electropneumatic valves are replaced by solenoid valves incorporated into the cylinder of the hydraulic valve.

Abstract: The improved hydraulic control valve includes a spool with a primary side piston having a rigid linkage with a secondary side piston. The primary side providing the ability to tap into an existing hydraulic system without altering the existing hydraulic system pressures or fluid volume. The secondary side piston and associated ports form a regulating assembly for control of the pressures of a hydraulic system and for providing feedback to the primary. The primary and secondary piston sizes may be stepped to create an appropriate amplification ratio for the required secondary brake system pressures in relation to the primary. Multiple secondary pilot signals and multiple primary pilot signals are also envisioned.

Abstract: A valve, which has at least one seal ring arranged in a recess of a valve housing, which seal ring has a seal housing having a U-shaped cross-section, in which seal housing an annular sealing element is arranged. The seal housing has a multi-part design and contains at least one separate housing leg, which is fixed to an annular bottom section of the seal housing in a joining region. The sealing element has a static sealing section, which engages in a sealing groove formed in the bottom section and is suitable for interacting with the two groove flanks of the sealing groove in a sealing manner.

Abstract: A valve (10) includes a first valve housing portion (12) and a second valve housing portion (14). The first valve housing portion and the second valve housing portion are separate components attached together to define a valve housing. The first valve housing portion includes an inner end surface (16) having an opening (18). The second valve housing portion includes an inner end surface (56) having a protruding annular rim (60) with an annular groove (62) and a seal (64) is received in the annular groove. The protruding annular rim including the seal is received in the opening in the inner end surface of the first valve housing portion to define a valve housing.

Abstract: A valve is disclosed for use with a hydraulic circuit including a valve block, a central bore and an actuator passage formed in the valve block, and at least one of a supply and a drain passage. The valve also includes a control spool movable to selectively connect the actuator passage and at least one of the supply passage and the drain passage. The control spool includes a base end, and a tip end with a tapered outer surface. The valve also includes a first actuator configured to selectively direct pilot fluid to the tip end of the control spool, and a second actuator configured to selectively direct pilot fluid to the base end of the control spool. The first and second actuators each include a primary axis oriented generally orthogonal to an axis of the control spool, and are located at opposing sides of the control spool.

Abstract: A slide valve, in particular for controlling a motor vehicle automatic transmission, has a housing which includes an axial end section. A connector sleeve is situated on the axial end section of the housing, the connector sleeve having a larger diameter in a first axial area adjacent to the housing and a smaller diameter in a second axial area remote from the housing, a filter device being situated in the first axial area. The second axial area includes a hydraulic connection.

Abstract: In a sleeve, two input ports are formed as ports that receive a discharge pressure of an electromagnetic pump, and a drain port connected to a drain oil passage is formed on the same circumference as that on which the input port is formed, so as to have a smaller opening area than the input port and an output port connected to an oil passage. The axial length of the second land is set so that the input port can be closed by the second land when a signal pressure is equal to or higher than a set pressure, and that the input port and the drain port can be closed by the second land when the signal pressure is lower than the set pressure.

Abstract: A valve is disclosed for use with a hydraulic circuit. The valve may have a valve block, a central bore formed in the valve block, an actuator passage formed in the valve block and intersecting with the central bore, and at least one of a supply and a drain passage. The valve may also have a control spool movable to selectively connect the actuator passage and the at least one of the supply passage and the drain passage. The control spool may have a base end, and a tip end with a tapered outer surface. The valve may also have a first actuator configured to selectively meter a flow of pilot fluid and having a feedback follower configured to ride along the tapered outer surface of the control spool, and a second actuator configured to selectively direct the pilot fluid to the base and tip ends of the control spool.

Abstract: A fluid pressure control device includes a switching valve configured to operate in conjunction with the control valve by the pilot pressure led through the pilot valve to switch work of the operation check valve. The switching valve includes a pilot chamber to which the pilot pressure is led, a spool that moves in accordance with the pilot pressure of the pilot chamber, a bias member that biases the spool in the valve closing direction, a collar detachably installed in the pilot chamber, and a piston slidably inserted into the collar, the piston being configured to receive the pilot pressure on a back surface thereof and give thrust force to the spool against bias force of the bias member.

Abstract: A system and method for updating a set of filling parameters for a wet clutch system is provided. The clutch comprises a piston, a proportional valve, a controller, and a sensor. The method comprises the steps of providing the wet clutch system, providing the set of filling parameters, actuating the wet clutch system based on at least one of the set of filling parameters, sensing a response of the wet clutch system during actuation of the wet clutch system, comparing an observed filling parameter to at least one of the set of filling parameters, calculating a fill error between the observed filling parameter and the at least one of the set of filling parameters, and adjusting a plurality of the set of filling parameters based on the fill error.

Abstract: A viscous material noncontact jetting system has a jetting dispenser mounted for relative motion with respect to a surface. A control is operable to cause the jetting dispenser to jet a viscous material droplet that is applied to the surface as a viscous material dot. A device, such as a camera or weigh scale, is connected to the control and provides a feedback signal representing a size-related physical characteristic of the dot applied to the surface. The size-related physical characteristics of subsequently applied dots is controlled by heating and cooling, or adjusting a piston stroke in the jetting dispenser, in response to the size-related physical characteristic feedback. Dispensed material volume control and velocity offset compensation are also provided.

Abstract: A valve assembly includes a valve unit, which is mounted on a valve support and composed of a valve and a connecting bridge fitted to the valve. The connecting bridge is used for electrically contacting the valve to signal transmission means located in the valve support. It has an L-shape with a first L-leg overlapping the valve and a second L-leg projecting downwards laterally adjacent to the valve. For its location on the valve support, the valve is provided on its underside with a mounting base with a laterally protruding base projection, with which the connecting bridge engages with its second L-leg for stabilisation.

Abstract: A hybrid hydraulic excavator includes an engine, a generator motor, a capacitor, a cooling system being configured to cool the capacitor, and a controller. The cooling system includes a circulation mechanism being configured to circulate a cooling water, and a cooler being configured to cool the cooling water with output from the engine. The controller prohibits auto-stop of the engine when it is determined that the capacitor is overheated.

Abstract: In one aspect, a system for applying painted surface markings to roads, parking lots, fields and/or any other suitable surfaces is disclosed. The system may include a plurality of valves and associated spray nozzles mounted onto and/or within a manifold, with each valve being individually controllable in order to regulate the flow of paint being dispensed from the spray nozzles. For instance, a controller may be coupled to each valve in order to control the opening and closing of such valve, thereby controlling the flow of paint supplied to the corresponding spray nozzle. In addition, information regarding the surface marking to be applied (the design, dimensions, orientation, geographical location, etc.) may be stored within and/or received by the controller. The controller may then control each valve such that paint is applied to the surface to be marked via the spray nozzles in a manner that creates the desired surface marking.

Abstract: A slide valve is described, having a valve slide, which is able to be impinged upon by an actuator in a first direction and by an impinging device in a second direction, opposite to the first direction, and which, using control sections is able to connect hydraulically a first working connection to an inlet connection or an outlet connection, and a second working connection to an or the inlet connection or an or the outlet connection, a first control section assigned to the first working connection including at least a first and a second subcontrol section and a recess that is situated axially between them and is preferably radially encircling, which is able to connect hydraulically the working connection to an or the outlet connection as a function of an axial position of the valve slide.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling a clutch using a fail-safe valve, and the apparatus includes: a fail-safe valve which is moved to the left or right according to an on-off operation of an on-off solenoid valve; and a control unit configured to control the fail-safe valve through the on-off solenoid valve; wherein when engine torque is a predetermined reference value or more, the control unit turns off the on-off solenoid valve to move the fail-safe valve for applying line pressure to the clutch, and when the engine torque is lower than the predetermined reference value, the control unit turns on the on-off solenoid valve to move the fail-safe valve for applying control pressure to the clutch.

Abstract: An internal-combustion engine includes a system for variable actuation of intake valves, including a control valve for each cylinder, which controls communication of a pressurized-fluid chamber with a discharge channel. The control valve has at least three different positions, namely, a first completely open position, a second partially open position, and a third completely closed position. Electronic control means are programmed for keeping the control valve in its closed position in operating stages in which the intake valve must remain coupled to the respective cam and for bringing the control valve from its completely closed position to its partially open position or to its completely open position in operating stages in which the intake valve must be uncoupled from the respective cam, selection between the first position and said second position of the control valve being made as a function of one or more operating parameters of the engine.

Abstract: Water distributor comprising: a first hot water inlet pipe with two outlets; a second pipe with first inlets, each of them being connected to the corresponding first outlet by means of a third pipe, said second pipe further comprising several second outlets; a rod having at least one narrowing and sliding within said second pipe by action of some actuating means; and water tightness means situated on both sides of each of the second outlets. The positioning of the narrowing of the rod with respect of the water tightness means of each outlet determines whether water will be allowed to flow through said outlet or not. Advantage: guaranteeing that the opening and closure of the different water outlets correspond with the selection made by the user.