Abstract: A drainage pipe for use in a waterproofing system includes a plurality of openings. The drainage pipe includes a cleaning tube affixed to an interior surface of the drainage pipe. The tube has a plurality of spaced holes which allow fluid such as air or water to be forced out of the tube and clean debris from the drainage pipe. A garden hose, air hose or other fluid source can be attached to the tube.

Abstract: For sealing an annular space or space (4) between an opening (2), in a wall or similar member (1), and an object (3) extending through the opening (2), at least one sealing element (6) is placed in the annular space (4). Initially, the sealing element (6) is placed in the compressed state between the wall (1) and the object (3) and subsequently is released from the compressed state to an expanded state. For this purpose at first, the sealing element (6) is compressed by a sheath (7) which, after the sealing element (6) is positioned in the annular space (4), is destroyed and makes the expansion of the sealing element (6) possible.

Abstract: A pumping apparatus for delivering water upwardly from a holding area and over a holding area bank includes a trailer having wheels and a trailer bed; a composite water drawing pipe including structure for telescoping from a shorter pipe transport length to a longer pipe deployment length to access water at lower levels in the holding area; a water drawing pipe movement mechanism including a mechanism for moving the drawing pipe between a transport position on top of the trailer bed and a deployed position substantially behind and angling downwardly from the trailer bed into water in the holding area. The composite water delivery pipe preferably includes a wider outer pipe and a narrower inner pipe, at least a portion of the narrower inner pipe being slidably retained within the wider outer pipe, the narrower inner pipe being mounted on an annular guiding carriage extending radially between the outer pipe and the inner pipe.

Abstract: A conduit plug has a securing element, a retainer, an enclosing element, an elastomer, a pusher and trapezoidal stops. The retainer has an outer threading corresponding to the inner threading of the securing element and extensions each extension having a wedged end formed on a free end of the extension. Each extension extends through a corresponding one of the holes in the enclosing element, through holes in the elastomer, bores in the pusher and slits in the stops so as to securely engage with a face of the trapezoidal stop. The mating of the inner and outer threading is able to deform the elastomer so as to accomplish the purpose of water leakage prevention.

Abstract: An irrigation hose (50) is preassembled at a factory with a plurality of clips (10, 30), thereby providing for reduced labor and installation time at the irrigation site.

Abstract: A conduit assembly for a partition for receiving wires, hoses, or cables. The conduit assembly includes passages and foaming material, which expands on the outer surface of the conduit assembly. The conduit assembly is arranged in a through hole, which is formed in the partition. The foaming material expands when heated, thus fixing the conduit assembly in the partition. The conduit assembly further includes spare passages. Detachable plugs close the spare passages. When adding more wires, hoses, or cables to the conduit assembly, the plugs are removed.

Abstract: A fuel rail assembly is disclosed. The assembly includes a generally hollow fuel rail, a fluid dampening element and a clip. The fuel rail has an inner wall and a longitudinal rail axis extending therethrough. The fluid dampening element is disposed within the fuel rail and has a cross-sectional configuration. The clip includes an interior portion having a cross-sectional opening corresponding to and surrounding the cross-sectional configuration of the fluid dampening element and a plurality of exterior portions extending from the interior portion. Each of the plurality of exterior portions has an engagement end distal from the interior portion, with at least one of the engagement ends engaging the inner wall. A method of assembling the fuel rail assembly is also provided.

Abstract: A flexible bundle for binding the cables includes an elongate flexible bundle having a pair of arcuate covering plates projected upward from the lateral side of the bottom and having their upper portions overlapped each other for a certain extent, a plurality of cables disposed into the bundle and a double faced tape attached to the underside of the bottom along the length thereof and including a peeling off paper attached to the outer surface of the tape. The flexible bundle is rolled up on a roller and can cut into a desired length at the working site.

Abstract: One or more electric and/or data transmitting cables are confined in an elongated strip-shaped body containing a hardenable resin or the like, and the body is placed against a portion of the internal surface of an underground sewage, water or other pipe. An expandible tubular liner is thereupon introduced into the pipe and is expanded to press the body against the pipe. The body is caused to set, by conveying a hot fluid through the liner and/or by electrically heating the cable or cables, and to adhere to the internal surface of the pipe. The liner can remain in the pipe and can be bonded to the strip-shaped body and/or to the remaining portion of the internal surface of the pipe. Alternatively, the liner is caused to collapse and is withdrawn from the pipe once the strip-shaped body is bonded to the internal surface of the pipe.

Abstract: A conduit assembly for a partition for receiving wires, hoses, or cables. The conduit assembly includes passages and foaming material, which expands on the outer surface of the conduit assembly. The conduit assembly is arranged in a through hole, which is formed in the partition. The foaming material expands when heated, thus fixing the conduit assembly in the partition. The conduit assembly further includes spare passages. Detachable plugs close the spare passages. When adding more wires, hoses, or cables to the conduit assembly, the plugs are removed.

Abstract: A cable-guide trough has a set of like U-shaped cross wires aligned with one another and lying in respective generally parallel and longitudinally spaced planes so as to form a trough with a horizontal floor and two upright sides. A set of generally parallel longitudinal wires is joined to the cross wires at the floor and sides. One of the sets is formed at the floor in upper and lower layers vertically flanking the other of the sets at the floor. The wires are all of identical cross-sectional size and shape. Both sets of wires are formed as two layers in the trough floor to produce a four-layer floor. Each wire of the lower layer lies directly underneath a respective one of the wires of the upper layer. The one set can be the longitudinal wires or the cross wires in a three-layer system. Furthermore the one set can be formed in the trough sides as inner and outer layers horizontally flanking the other of the sets at the trough sides.

Abstract: The method eliminates the play of a pipe in a securing element. At least one hole is formed in the securing element from the outside, and a clearance between the pipe and the securing element is filled with a curing compound, which is filled through the hole. The compound, which preferably contains epoxy with metal shavings, cures in the clearance.

Abstract: A scuff cover (10) for protecting an elongate inner element (14), such as a hose or a cable, comprises a flexible base tube (30) having an inner surface (34) defining a central passage (38) for movably receiving the inner element. The base tube (30) has an outer surface (36). A rub strip (40) projects from the outer surface (36) of the base tube (30). The rub strip (40) comprises an inner layer of material (42) on the base tube (30) and an outer layer of material (44). The outer layer of material (44) has a lower coefficient of friction than the inner layer of material (42) and forms the radially outermost surface of the scuff cover (10). The outer layer of material (44) is preferably ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene.

Abstract: A pipe leadthrough which can be fitted in a simple and functionally reliable manner and which ensures complete sealing against penetrating moisture on a permanent basis is described. This is achieved by the fact that the pipe leadthrough is formed of a pipe sleeve that has a hollow-cylindrical portion and an adjoining plate-shaped portion. The hollow-cylindrical portion has an internal diameter which is identical to or slightly greater than the external diameter of a pipe and on the hollow-cylindrical portion there is at least one hollow body with a destructible covering, which body is filled with a sealant.

Abstract: A new segmented choke is provided. Designed to reduce thermal stresses created when the fluid temperature fluctuate, this invention is constructed of segmented ceramic members fit within a relatively thin-walled retainer, shrunk fit thereto, thereby allowing the retainer to be more compliant. Shorter, multiple segments used in this invention are also easier to manufacture, can be produced with tighter tolerances, provide easier access thereby reducing maintenance costs and allow for the inclusion of sensors in the individual ceramic segments. This invention also provides improvements in size, manufacturing cost, ease of use and operating efficiency over prior choke devices.

Abstract: A centralizer (101) comprises two annular bands (102, 103) which are spaced apart by a plurality of hollow members (104, 105, 106) extending therebetween. The hollow members (104, 105, 106) overlie openings (110-115; 116-121) in the annular bands (102, 103) respectively. In use, fluid can enter and leave the hollow member via the openings. This flow helps maintain a film of fluid between the annular bands (102, 103) and the tubular on which the centralizer is mounted and thus facilitates rotation of the tubular with respect to the centralizer.

Abstract: The method eliminates the play of a pipe in a securing element. At least one hole is formed in the securing element from the outside, and a clearance between the pipe and the securing element is filled with a curing compound, which is filled through the hole. The compound, which preferably contains epoxy with metal shavings, cures in the clearance.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises an elongate pipe (1) for use in the transfer of fluids susceptible to form deposits on cooling such as wax deposits in oil, and a container (12) comprising a reusable heat source comprising a supercooled solution, e.g., of aqueous sodium acetate. The container (12) is in heat conducting contact with a surface of the (1), preferably on at least one surface of the container. The deposit may be removed from inside the pipe (1) by locating in heat conducting relation to the pipe a reusable heat source comprising a supercooled solution, and activating crystallization in the solution liberating heat which causes at least some of the deposit to melt and/or dissolve.

Abstract: A conduit, in particular for sanitary and/or heating installations, comprising a pipe for conveying a fluid or for accommodating supply lines such as electric power supply lines or fluid-conducting pipes, is characterized in that the pipe is connected to a mounting material strip for fastening the pipe to a surface, and object or the like, the mounting material strip projecting laterally from the pipe and extending along the pipe.

Abstract: An electrical cable has helically attached bristles for supporting the electrical cable when pulled through a string of coiled tubing to connect to an electrical submersible pump. The electrical cable and helically attached bristles have a circumscribed diameter greater than the inner diameter of the coiled tubing. The bristles deflect in a direction opposite the direction of pulling the electrical cable so that they grip the wall of the coiled tubing. The bristles apply a resistive frictional force to the wall of the coiled tubing, thereby transferring the weight of the electrical cable to the coiled tubing.

Abstract: An improved pipe support device for supporting an underground carrier pipe within an outer encasement of a horizontally bored hole beneath a highway or railroad bed is disclosed. The pipe support is an annular ring structure comprised of two semicircular clamping members, which each terminate in an outwardly extending flange. The opposite ends of each semicircular clamp section are joined by a hinge extending across the juncture thereof to provide pivoting movement from an open condition to a closed condition of the pipe support. The opposed flanges can be drawn together by attaching hardware to secure the pipe support to the underground carrier pipe. A plurality of radially extending leg members are provided around the circumference of the pipe support which terminate in elongated skid members each having tip portions being inwardly inclined toward the longitudinal axis of the pipe support to facilitate insertion of the carrier pipe within the casing of the horizontally bored hole.

Abstract: A method for permitting the joining together of two adjacent pipe lengths with adjacent ends curving with substantially the same sense, the method comprising rotating the end of one of the pipe lengths about its axis until it curves in substantially the opposite sense to the curve of the adjacent end of the other pipe length.

Abstract: A flexible protective sleeve (10; 20) for use in protecting an elongated member (W). The sleeve comprises a generally tubular wall (12; 22) for at least substantially surrounding the member. The sleeve also comprises resiliently-deformable projections (16; 24) projecting from an inner surface (18; 26) of the wall, the projections being arranged so that they cushion relative movement between the member and the wall.

Abstract: A corrugate tube with an inserted wiring harness is provided through an insertion hole of a protector body fitted in a fixing hole of a panel member, and fixed by a pawl provided at an end of a flexible arm projecting from a bottom of an arm accommodating cutout and shaped to be engageable with a trough between neighboring corrugates on the corrugate tube, permitting a selective one of small-diameter and large-diameter corrugate tubes to be fixed in the insertion hole, allowing the corrugate tube to be shifted in one direction.

Abstract: A thawing tube guide is prepositioned at the opening of a culvert to facilitate maintenance personnel in passing a culvert thawing tube with a power head into a culvert opening which is covered by ice, snow or an ice slurry. The culvert thawing tube guide includes a guide pipe having a discharge end positioned within the culvert and an inlet end positioned in at an easily accessible location. A cap and a reflective material are attached to the inlet end to prevent the accumulation of debris within the tube and to aid in detecting its location respectively.

Abstract: A secondary containment system for containing fuel leaks or leaks of other environmentally hazardous fluids includes a containment chamber and a detection system for detecting leaks. The containment system includes a fluid-carrying inner pipe and a containment pipe surrounding the inner pipe with an interstitial space being defined between the two pipes for containment of leaks. The interstitial space is pressurized with an inert fluid at a constant pressure greater than the pressure of the fluid flowing through the inner fluid-carrying pipe. Monitoring of the pressure of the inert fluid in the interstitial space triggers an alarm indicating that a leak has occurred. The location of the leak can be determined by the use of multiple pressure sensors. The containment pipe is reenforced to withstand pressures of at least 75 psi.

Abstract: A piping system for conveying one or more product flow lines within an outer casing includes a layer of insulation on each of the product flow lines to prevent heat lost and an improved spacer arrangement forming an interface between the product flow lines and the casing to prevent damage to the casing and flow lines as well as reduce friction when the flow lines are pulled through the casing. The spacer includes a pair of halves that can be assembled together using a bolted connection, for example, with flanges provided on the halves. An integral polymeric body comprises each of the halves with projecting portions spaced circumferentially about each of the spacers, the projecting portions extending longitudinally and radially and having inclined surfaces that lessen stress during the pulling of product flow lines through the outer casing. Annular shoulders on the spacer mate with corresponding annular shoulders of the insulation layer to prevent heat loss at the interface.

Abstract: A spacer block (3) for an elongated substrate (1) on the inside of an elongated tube (2) comprises an internal ring (3a) which surrounds the elongated material, an external ring (3b) which is surrounded by the elongated tube (2), where the outside diameter of the internal ring (3a) is smaller than the inside diameter of the external ring (3b), and the internal and the external ring (3a, 3b) are interconnected by at least three spoke-type elements (3c) made of fiber material, which are uniformly spaced around the circumference.

Abstract: A cable and conduit assembly comprises a conduit, such as coiled tubing, with a cable, such as an electrical power cable, longitudinally disposed therein. A plurality of elastic fingers, such as relatively short lengths of spring steel, extend from the cable and frictionally engaging an interior surface of the conduit to transfer the weight of the cable to the conduit. The elastic fingers are angled to permit installation of the cable within the conduit in a first longitudinal direction and to prevent movement of the cable within the conduit in a second longitudinal direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to protectors used to prevent piping or tubing from touching the surface of a bore hole, and in particular is related to discrete pipe coating protectors for in situ mounting on a product carrying pipe line or tubing to be received within an underground bore or within another pipe.

Abstract: Casing spacers for isolating carrier pipe mechanically, galvanically, and chemically from pipe casings. The spacers may be attached using fasteners to pipe joint restrainers or other ring structures which encircle carrier pipe. The spacers are more efficient to install in the field, provide robust mechanical structure and physical stability which does not degrade over time, provide additional protection to the pipe joints, and, because they may be attached to conventional structures instead of requiring an integral ring structure for encircling a pipe, alleviate the distribution and inventory problems encountered by conventional systems in which the casing spacer runners are attached to an integral ring structure which must conform to the carrier pipe size and the casing inner diameter.

Abstract: A fluid coupling 10 for connecting the output of an upper 102 and a lower 101 submersible pump in a well casing 100 to the well supply pipe 105. The fluid coupler 10 includes an upper coupling unit 11 connected to the upper pump 102, a lower coupling unit 12 connected to the lower pump 101, and a manifold unit 13 operatively connecting the upper 11 and lower 12 units together to form a framework which surrounds and suspends the upper pump 102.

Abstract: In a closure fitting assembly two identical fittings are adapted to be coupled together in a mirror-image relationship for closing a gap between containment components in a double-containment system. Each fitting defines a first axially-extending fusion surface located on one side of the fitting; a second axially-extending fusion surface located on an opposite side of the fitting relative to the first axially-extending fusion surface; a first circumferentially-extending fusion surface located on one end of the fitting; and a second circumferentially-extending fusion surface located on an opposite end of the fitting. Axially-extending fusion wires are interposed within the seams formed between opposing axially-extending fusion surfaces, and circumferentially-extending fusion wires are seated against each circumferentially-extending fusion surface for receiving electric current to heat the wires and in turn fuse opposing surfaces together.

Abstract: A double-containment piping assembly has two anchor supports, and at least one elbow fitting with an outer elbow section and an inner elbow section received within the inner elbow section. A first leg having a first inner pipe received within a first outer pipe is coupled between an anchor support and the elbow fitting. A second leg having a second inner pipe received within a second outer pipe is coupled between the other anchor support and the other side of the elbow fitting. First flexibility supports are mounted on either side of the elbow fitting, and permit axial and lateral movement of the inner pipe relative to the outer pipe in the areas of the elbow. First axial-guiding supports, which permit axial movement of the inner pipe relative to the outer pipe, but prevent lateral movement of the inner pipe, are each mounted a minimum distance from the elbow fitting between the inner and outer pipes.

Abstract: An annular bulkhead for separating the inner and outer generally coaxial pipes of a double walled pipe structure wherein the bulkhead is in the form of an annular resilient member dimensioned to fit, in use, the annular space between the pipes, wherein the annular resilient member is supported on each axial side thereof by means of at least partial annular rigid rings divided into separate segments and secured together through the resilient annular member.

Abstract: A coaxial piping system connected between an underground pump and an above-ground liquid dispenser is used to provide containment of the pumped liquid from the underground piping system, preventing unintended release into the environment. A pair of coaxial pipes are removably connected to the underground pump at one end and to the dispenser at the other end using quick-disconnect fittings to allow for the replacement of the piping. A primary pipe for conveying gasoline or the like is surrounded by a secondary pipe, which provides containment in the event of leakage from the primary pipe. The piping system can be tested for leaks or replaced from grade without excavating at the installed tank site. A sensor in the annular space between the primary and secondary pipes may be used to detect leakage. A path may be provided for the gravity drainage of such leaks from the secondary pipe into a containment chamber, where the liquid may be detected and removed.

Abstract: A pressurized fluid supply hose which conducts pressurized fluid from a pump to a fluid operating device is disclosed. A nipple is caulked on an outer surface of a spiral tube formed by spirally winding two band members. By a caulking process, the nipple is formed at its inner surface with a flat portion and two taper portions. The taper portions are successive to the flat portion and sloped to gradually increase the inner diameter toward both ends of the nipple. The outer surface of the spiral tube is also deformed along the flat portion and the taper portions to be secured to the inner surface of the nipple. The spiral tube with the nipple is inserted into a flexible rubber hose and fixed to the rubber hose at a position corresponding to the nipple. Since the nipple is caulked so that the caulked amount of the spiral tube is gradually decreased toward the both ends of the nipple, a large clearance is prevented from being made between two outer and inner band members.

Abstract: A non-metallic pipe collar is provided which encircles the external surface of a pipe. The pipe collar may be provided in several segments or single collar with a hinged portion which allows the collar to be spread open and placed around a pipe.In an alternate embodiment shims having a tapered outer surface are placed against the outer surface of the pipe before the pipe collar is placed around the pipe. The pipe collar has a tapered inner surface thus causing an interference fit between the shims and the pipe collar.

Abstract: A method of laying a cable system in which the cable guide tube has internal ribs alternating in helical direction and of dimensions and number designed for particular cable radii and cross section to allow the cable, whether a single cable or a bundle or cables to be blown through about 2000 m of the tube with 90 kN of force or to be pulled by a strand through the conduit with a force of 2.5 kN over a stretch of 1400 m without damage to the cable.

Abstract: A cable duct for protecting communication cable is provided, comprising an elongated body portion having a first end and a second end, the body portion further including a longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end; and at least two passageways formed completely through the body portion and extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis, each of the passageways having a cross sectional area sufficient to loosely contain at least one communication cable. The cable duct is constructed from a combination of materials including plastic and crumb rubber, preferably in a 1:1 composition, and includes a plurality of external ridges formed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The body portion further includes end connectors which are removably attachable to the first end and/or second end for connecting the cable duct to a second cable duct.

Abstract: A steam generator for use in a convection oven comprising a plurality of first and second spherically shaped heat accumulator elements arranged alternately in a substantially vertical plane in which the first layer contains at least one row of the heat accumulating elements integrally joined together at a central axis and the second layer contains at least two rows of the heat accumulating elements integrally joined together at a central axis, and a convection oven employing the steam generator are disclosed.

Abstract: A field installable choke tube apparatus and a method for installing the choke tube into a pulsation dampener of a compressor. The choke tube is insertable into the pulsation dampener through the nozzle of the pulsation dampener. The supporting apparatus for the choke tube is located between the choke tube and the nozzle. The supporting apparatus is movable relative to the nozzle of the pulsation dampener thereby to firmly hold the choke tube within the dampener.

Abstract: A centering support for a double-containment pipe assembly is adapted to support a plurality of primary pipes within a single containment pipe. A first support half of the centering support defines a plurality of first curved support surfaces for supporting one or more primary pipes, wherein each first curved support surface is defined by a radius greater than or equal to the outside radius of the primary pipe to be supported by the respective support surface. A second support half of the centering support similarly defines a plurality of second curved support surfaces for supporting one or more primary pipes, and each second curved support surface is defined by a radius greater than or equal to the outside radius of the primary pipe to be supported by the respective support surface.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for sealing joints and leaks in pipes is provided. The apparatus is particularly useful for sealing leaking at joints in underground gas mains. A sealant applicator in the form of a push snake is provided which may be inserted into the pipe through a standard tap fitting. Thick or viscous sealant is pumped down through the snake and is thereafter applied radially outward to the inside surfaces of the pipe by a spinning applicator tip. Flaps may be attached to the spinning applicator tip so that the thick sealant is trowelled into place. The applicator tip may be rotated with compressed gas which may be compressed methane gas drawn from the gas main. A centralizer is preferably employed to centralize the applicator head in place during application of the sealant. The flaps may also be used to clean the pipe prior to the application of the sealant.

Abstract: A pipe protector has been designed to provide free flow and low energy. The outside surface has a bilateral asymmetrical pattern when comparing the approximate top half of the pipe protector to the bottom half of the pipe protector. The pattern has raised figures surrounded by communicating channels.

Abstract: Forming a novel double containment polymeric piping assembly by interfitting slidably interfittable polymeric inner pipe components, including a first induction responsive layer therebetween, and slidably interfittable polymeric outer pipe components, preferably including a second induction responsive layer therebetween, to form an inner connection and an outer connection, while causing the inner connection to be axially offset from the outer connection, applying an electrical induction force around the periphery of the outer pipe components, axially aligned with the inner connection but not with said outer connection, and thereby fusing the inner pipe components and the first polymeric layer together, and moving the components relative to said electrical induction force, axially away from the inner connection, and axially aligned with the outer connection, applying an inductive force around the periphery of the outer pipe components, and thereby fusing the outer pipe components and the second polymeric layer

Abstract: An adapter for connecting one size of nozzle with a blower tip of varying sizes has a plurality of springs spaced there around. Each spring has straight portions resiliently urged towards the blower tip. At the entrance end of the adapter, the springs are sloped or tapered so the blower tip will gradually flex the springs towards the wall of the adapter. The springs may be solid, like leaf springs, or may be formed of wire; and, the springs may be made of polymeric material, metal or other elastic materials. In other embodiments, the springs may be fixed to the male member for receiving a female member thereon; and, the male or female member may have a slope rather than the springs. The spring members may have two straight portions parallel to each other, or only one straight portion.

Abstract: A length of elongate material such as rubber hose is supported and guided while being fed along a desired path of travel that extends through the hollow interior of a tubular structure. The tubular structure mounts an array of relatively closely spaced rollers that project into the hollow interior to guide and support the moving length of material. The tubular structure is formed as a "tube within a tube" assembly of "inner" and "outer" tubular members that closely interfit, and that sandwich roller support pins between overlying portions of the inner and outer tubular members. The roller support pins bridge roller positioning holes that are formed through the inner tubular member at an array of spaced locations.

Abstract: An improved method for repairing a utility pipe such as underground sewer pipe to internally line the pipe with a tubular liner impregnated with a thermosetting resin, and in this method, a hot water hose having ejection holes is inserted in the tubular liner bag to eject hot water to effect hardening of the thermosetting resin and this hose is provided with numerous floats to float in the water even when the ejected water collects and floods inside the tubular liner bag; thus, efficient shooting of the hot water from the hot water hose is secured.

Abstract: A hose assembly having opposite ends and having a first fluid passage therein for conveying a volatile liquid in one direction from one of the ends thereof to a container adjacent the other of the ends thereof and a second fluid passage therein for returning the vapors of the volatile liquid fuel from the container to the one end thereof, the assembly comprising a flexible inner hose having an outer peripheral surface and defining one of the fluid passages therein, a flexible outer hose having an inner peripheral surface and an outer peripheral surface and being disposed around the inner hose, the inner peripheral surface of the outer hose and the outer peripheral surface of the inner hose defining the other of the fluid passages therebetween, the outer hose comprising a corrugated tube that has the corrugations thereof extending throughout the entire length thereof, and a cuff secured to one of the ends of the outer hose, the cuff covering the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of that