Abstract: Hydraulic circuits having flexible hydraulic hoses forming part of the circuits are currently being operated at pressures in excess of 3,000 psi, and such circuits are often limited in their operating pressure by the burst strength of the hydraulic hose. By constructing a hollow core structure that forms the conduit and which serves as the foundation upon which the reinforcing is applied, with a two-layer tape composed of a layer of fabric and a layer of elastomer, which tape is then wound on a mandrel in a helically overlapping relationship with the fabric on the outside, an improved hose can be obtained after the reinforcing is applied. An increase in burst strength can be obtained in such a hose where wire cable is employed as the reinforcing in place of monofilament wire reinforcing, when the cable is formed (twisted) as it is applied, to achieve a more uniform tension on each of the strands forming the cable encircling the core structure.

Abstract: A flexible plastic tube, comprises, an extruded inner tube or tubular portion and an extruded outer tube or tubular portion of a thermoplastic material overlying the inner tubular portion and spaced radially outwardly therefrom and including a reinforcing strip of substantially U-shape configuration wound around the inner portion and bonded to the inner and outer tubular portions. The reinforcing strip has radially extending sidewalls in the form of fins which define a first cavity therebetween and, in addition, successive turns of the reinforcing strip define a second cavity therebetween which is located between the outer and inner walls. The sidewalls advantageously have radially outwardly tapered cross-sectional shapes.

Abstract: A carbon fiber reinforced composite tubular drive shaft is provided wherein the fibrous reinforcement is positioned in a structural configuration capable of yielding improved service characteristics. The wall of the drive shaft comprises at least four bonded circumferentially disposed layers composed of appropriate fibrous reinforcement situated within a resin matrix (as described). The carbon fibers are disposed generally longitudinally in a layer at an intermediate position within the tube wall and are capable of efficiently increasing the stiffness of the shaft. The overall requirement for the carbon fiber component of the fibrous reinforcement is minimized. Glass fibers likewise are disposed generally longitudinally in a layer at an intermediate position within the tube wall and are capable of economically contributing resistance to torsion buckling to the overall drive shaft without deleteriously influencing the critical speed of the drive shaft.

Abstract: A novel structural member, such as a golf club shaft or other tapered tubular member, having an unusually high resistance to torsional deflection for given desired longitudinal deflections along with high strength and a center of gravity more favoring the tip-end is provided by a resin-bonded graphite fiber structure in which the fiber orientations in each layer of the multi-layer, composite structure are varied along the length of the shaft and in desired orientation relationships between layers to achieve the unique combination of properties.This structural member is prepared by helically placing fiber yarns such as graphite onto a resin-coated, tapered steel mandrel by winding a series of high modulus graphite yarns in series of layers and progressively varying the rotational speed of the rings carrying the spools of the graphite fiber yarns in each layer as the mandrel is fed at a constant speed.

Abstract: A hose structure which is useful as a transitional piece for a connection between two elements of different diameters. The hose has a tapered bore with an oppositely tapered sleeve of deformable material outwardly of the sleeve interior to form a substantially cylindrical outer surface over which the remaining portions of the hose structure are applied. If desired, buoyancy material can be included in the hose structure so that the hose will be buoyant and float in water. The method includes applying an elastomeric liner around a tapered mandrel, applying the tapered layer of deformable material to form a cylindrical outer surface, applying at least one reinforcing layer to the cylindrical surface, applying a cover over the reinforcing layer then vulcanizing the structure to form an integral unit.

Abstract: A filament-reinforced resin-impregnated hollow body having at least one internal circumferential strengthening flange or rib is fabricated by winding a first filamentary winding on each of two mandrel portions, the filament being wound across at least one end of each portion so that the winding extends inwards towards the axis of each mandrel portion. With these two ends spaced opposite one another, a second filamentary winding is wound between the inwardly extending parts of the first winding. A third winding is then applied over the first and second windings. After curing the resin-impregnated windings, the mandrel is removed, leaving an internal flange formed by the inwardly extending parts of the first winding in conjunction with the second winding.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of improving the heat transfer properties in boiling liquids of tubes and other surfaces by applying a very porous reticulated organic foam layer which has been precoated with graphite in contact with the tube surface, and then plating a thin metal coating on the foam substrate. Preferably, the tube is copper and the plating consists of an electroplated layer of copper which is applied over the conductive graphite coated foam. the foam is preferably in the form of a thin tape which is spirally wound about the tube. Pyrolyzation of the foam after plating improves the heat transfer performance of the tube. A method for applying the graphite to the foam is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to improving the heat transfer properties in boiling liquids of tubes and other surfaces by applying a non-conductive very porous reticulated organic foam layer in contact with the tube surface, and then electroplating a metal coating on exposed portions of the tube to build up a matrix of metal through the porous portions of the foam layer. Preferably, the tube is copper and the plating consists of an electroplated layer of copper. The foam is preferably in the form of a thin tape which is spirally wound about the tube. Pyrolyzation of the foam after plating provides a network of interconnected pores in the metal matrix which improves the heat transfer performance of the tube. The plated tube may also be swaged.

Abstract: A pipe having an outer coating of foam plastics, a tape of thermoplastics being wrapped around the foam plastics in an overlapping way, the overlapping parts being heatsealed to each other. At least one reinforcing filament is present on the original contacting surfaces of the overlaps. Preferably one straight and one zig-zag applied filament are present.

Abstract: A conduit for conveyance of hot fluids includes an inner tube, through which the fluid passes, made of a material having a low coefficient of thermal expansion, preferably less than 5 .times. 10.sup.-6 per .degree. C and advantageously INVAR .RTM. with a coefficient of 2.3 .times. 10.sup.-6 /.degree. C. The inner tube is anchored at its ends and has no expansion-compensating means in its length is surrounded by a binding wrapping of a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion greater than that of the inner tube, prestressed at the temperature of application to compensate for the relaxation of stress in the wrapping due to the different expansions of inner tube and wrapping, and so as to compensate at least in part for changes in stress on the inner tube resulting from the absence of expansion-compensating means. A longitudinal tensile pre-stress may also be applied. The assembly also includes thermal insulation, disposed either outside the wrapping or between the wrapping and the inner tube.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for producing a composite pipe for handling destructive materials under pressure and vacuum conditions. The pipe includes a tubular liner formed of thermoplastic material capable of withstanding the destructive material. A strip of glass fiber fabric is helically wrapped around the outer surface of the liner. Heat is applied externally to the wrapped liner at a sufficient rate to simultaneously melt the exterior surface of the liner and thermally expand the liner radially outwardly into the openings in the fabric. Upon cooling, a permanent mechanical bond is achieved between the liner and the fabric. A layer of fiber glass and resin is then applied to the outer surface of the wrapped liner for structional rigidity and strength.

Abstract: An irradiated polyethylene tube is supported on a mandrel with adhesive material applied against its outside surface whereupon a first tubular layer is braided against the adhesive means followed by a tubular layer of neoprene rubber followed by braiding a second tubular layer against the neoprene rubber to define an assembly which is subjected to a controlled temperature environment to simultaneously vulcanize the rubber and bond the tube and tubular layers together defining the hose construction as a unitary structure.

Abstract: In a metal reheating furnace, a resilient, vibration resistant and easily installed thermal insulative structure is defined by an inner batt of refractory fibers held in place by an outer wrapping of woven refractory fibers and so arranged as to be self-retaining. This relatively soft, resilient structure supports an outer shell of refractory mortar which adheres to but does not substantially penetrate the woven wrapping, such that vibration and mechanical shock are absorbed in the soft insulation while the exterior layer protects against molten slag and high speed impinging gas flows.

Abstract: A method of applying foamed insulation to pipe is contemplated by the present invention. The pipe is moved longitudinally while being rotated about its longitudinal axis. A sprayable, foamable liquid is directed onto the surface of the pipe from a stationary location and is allowed to partially rise before a protective outer jacket is wrapped around the rising foam. The wrapping step includes application of sufficient pressure to the foam to increase the final density thereof, at the outer surface, by from 10% to 25% above the density if the foam was allowed to rise uninhibited.

Abstract: The composite tube has an inner core of a first material, an intermediate zone of a second material surrounding said core, and an outer wrap surrounding and confining said intermediate zone. The intermediate zone is spirally wound layers of ceramic paper bonded together. The tube is light in weight and has a very low thermal conductivity.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and apparatus for making tubular fiber reinforced thermosetting resin elements having a thermoplastic lining. The technique involves application of a thermoplastic lining layer to an axially moving mandrel surface, application of at least one layer of fiber reinforced thermosetting resin material superimposed upon the lining layer, providing for bonding of thermosetting and thermoplastic layers to each other, and heating the thermosetting resin to effect solidification during axial advancement of the superimposed layers with the moving mandrel surface. Provision is also made for applying a thermoplastic jacket layer superimposed upon the thermosetting layer.

Abstract: Pipe coating apparatus which incorporates means for rotating and advancing a pipe along a specified path and an applicator means for placing cementicious materials thereon. The slurry is applied by a mechanism having a top opening which receives cement therein, the opening directing cement to a reinforcing ply which is applied to the pipe. The reinforcing material is delivered through the applicator mechanism. The cement falls on the reinforcing material which normally has a mesh construction. The pipe is advanced and rotated simultaneously. The helical movement of the pipe draws the reinforcing mesh into a gap at the lower side of the pipe above a free rotating parallel roller. A ply of weatherproofing material such as plastic film is placed on the pipe.

Abstract: A novel stiffened structural laminate formed by contacting at least one layer of a curable resin-impregnated fabric with at least one strip of cellular honeycomb core, disposing another piece of said curable resin-impregnated fabric over said strip of core, and curing said resin under laminating conditions to bond said honeycomb core to said fabric and produce a unitary laminate which includes said strip as a stiffening bead.

Abstract: A carbon filament wound hollow cylinder comprising at least two carbon filament layers, an inner axial direction-wound layer and an outer circumferential direction-wound layer, characterized in that the modulus of longitudinal elasticity in the circumferential direction of the inner layer is lower than that of the outer layer. Such a cylinder is capable of preventing possible crack formation after shaping owing to its much reduced residual stress exerted due to thermal expansion of a mandrel during shaping and capable of being stably employable as a rotary drum for, ultracentrifugation because compressive stress is exerted effectively to cancel tensile stress caused by thermal stress for causing interlaminer delamination during high speed rotation.

Abstract: There is disclosed apparatus for lining the interior of a metal pipe with a resistant metal. A resistant metal ribbon is fed from a roll external to the pipe and is drawn into the pipe by a first trolley which moves inside the pipe from one end of the pipe to the other. The first trolley shapes the ribbon into a spiral with overlapping edges. A laser beam is directed along the pipe and is redirected by a second trolley, which moves in synchronism with the first, toward the region at which the ribbon is being laid down against the pipe, the laser beam serving to weld overlapping edge regions of ribbon to each other. Special weld patterns are disclosed for preventing the leaks through the lining even in the presence of anticipated weld flaws.

Abstract: Outer wrap for pipelines is made of essentially flat thermoplastic fibers preferably woven in a basket weave pattern with from about 15 to 20 per cent of the fabric area being open. On wrapping a pipe freshly coated with coal tar or equivalent material, the wrap does not tend to sink into the coating as is found to be the case with other outer wraps, such as those made from round glass fibers. Because of the ability of the mesh wrap of this invention to eliminate air entrapment during the wrapping operation, an essentially holiday-free coating results. This system also lends itself to uniform distribution of cathodic current over the entire surface. The tough, smooth wrapping does not allow cold flow of coating material through the fabric due to the weight of backfill and tension of the wrap.

Abstract: The invention relates to the fabrication of composite rigid tubular structures which include a rigidified tubular core member, an initially open-cell resilient foam material helically wrapped about the core member, a layer of reinforcing elements helically wrapped about and radially compressing said foam material, and a thermoset resinous matrix filling the compressed open-cells of said foam material and encapsulating said reinforcing elements.

Abstract: A dimensionally stable, flexible, hydraulic hose having an elastomeric core tube cross-linked by irradiation with ionizing electrons, a fibrous reinforcing layer surrounding the core tube which prevents the core tube from expanding with increase in pressure and a protective elastomeric sheath about the reinforced core tube.

Abstract: A reticulated tube of reinforced ceramic fibers is provided as a catalyst carrier for use in the catalytic conversion of internal combustion engine exhaust fumes. The tube is comprised of multiple layers of continuous yarn of selected ceramic fibers which can be bonded, if desired, with a substantially nonporous binder having selected properties and contained in a refractory oxide matrix having selected properties.

Abstract: A method of forming hose construction utilizing an aromatic polyester thermoplastic core and reinforcing means mechanically bonded about the core with the core portion in which the reinforcing means is embedded being substantially free of stress. A sheath may be provided about the reinforcing means and may be autogenously bonded to "Hytrel", an aromatic polyester thermoplastic body of material coating the reinforcing means.

Abstract: This application describes a tubular container wall material of particular use in the packaging of dry and liquid products such as hydroscopic food products, and liquid foods. This wall material comprises an inner portion of liner ordinarily composed of four adherent plies of polyester-polyolefin-metal foil-heat seal coating-which liner bonds through the heat seal coating to an outer portion of rigidity-imparting material. This composite wall material constitutes the tubular wall for a container and is formed by winding elongate strips of its constituent plies onto a mandrel where they are bonded into an integral structure, for example, by heating. The can or container itself may then be formed by cutting the resultant tubular structure into appropriate lengths and attaching end closure means thereto.

Abstract: A tubular member which is ideally suited as a drive shaft for transmitting power from an engine to a remote station such as the drive shaft for a helicopter tail rotor or a remotely mounted propeller or rotor and a method of fabricating said member. The tubular member has a cylindrical body portion and at least one conical end portion with an integral, radial flange upstanding therefrom. The wall of the tubular member is composed of a plastic having embedded therein at least one layer of continuous filaments of fibrous reinforcing material with each layer of such material comprising two adjacent thicknesses of filaments. The filaments are in parallel alignment in each thickness and in diagonal orientation between thicknesses at a first helix angle in the cylindrical body portion and at a second, greater helix angle, in the conical end portion.

Abstract: A pipe of fiber reinforced thermoplastic material is provided wherein the wall consists of at least one layer having two coaxial cylindrical shells between which a corrugated layer is disposed. The outwardly facing wave peaks of the corrugated layer are anchored to the inside of the outer shell and the inwardly facing wave peaks are anchored to the outside of the inner shell. The spaces between the corrugated layer and the outer layer and inner shell, respectively, are filled with a suitable material, preferably foam plastic material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the production of wound sandwich structures, wherein the inner shell, made of a galss-reinforced plastic, is prepared in a known way, then solid core elements are wound onto the inner shell, and finally an outer shell, made of a glass-reinforced plastic, is formed on the wound core. Thus rigid articles (e.g. containers), consisting of inner and outer shells of glass-reinforced plastic and a core of wound core elements, are obtained. The core elements are wound up by forwarding the individual elements directly one after another onto a thread which carries the core elements, presses them onto the rotating mandrel, and is also wound up, or by forming a flexible band by adhesion, from the core elements and the carrier thread or band, and this flexible band is wound up. The inner and outer shells, and the surface of the core material are prepared preferably on a conventional winding machine, provided with auxiliary equipments according to the invention.

Abstract: This invention comprises a method for manufacturing elastomeric high pressure hose having reinforcement in the form of braided or spiral wrapped textile yarns between extruded inner and outer elastomeric layers. The method includes the steps of extruding the inner elastomeric layer over a long flexible mandrel up to about 1000 ft in length coextensively therewith, then progressively freezing portions of the layer and braiding or spiral wrapping a textile reinforcement thereover. The layer is frozen to prevent extrusion of the inner layer during the braiding. Thereafter additional elastomeric and textile layers are applied and the elastomers are vulcanized in an elongated continuous vulcanizer.

Abstract: An improved hose construction and method of forming the same wherein a reinforcement layer is bonded to a thermoplastic core by a solventless bonding layer defining an inner thermal weld portion substantially autogenous with the outer surface portion of the core tube and an outer portion mechanically interlocked with the confronting inner portion of the reinforcement layer.The bonding layer is thermally formed to be autogenous with the outer surface portion of the core tube and may include an added layer of thermoplastic material which is concurrently fused to define the fused bonding layer. The added layer is compatible with the core tube outer surface portion and is preferably formed of similar thermoplastic material. The reinforcement layer is wrapped about the core tube under tension to provide an embedment thereof in the bonding layer to effect a positive mechanical interlocking therebetween.

Abstract: An inner liner for glass-reinforced plastic pipes comprising a nonwoven fabric bonded to each side of a plastic film. In the manufacture of pipe, the composition is saturated with the plastic resin, e.g., polyester resin, and wound onto the pipe mandrel. The resin-glass body of the pipe is then wound over the liner and the entire composition cured.The liner prevents damage to the pipe as a result of corrosive material, e.g., mineral acids.