Abstract: The present utility model relates to the technical field of water pumps, and more particularly, to a miniature electromagnetic water pump, which includes a pump body, a magnetic core plunger device installed in the pump body, an electromagnetic device sleeved outside the pump body, and a throttle valve device connected with the magnetic core plunger device, the magnetic core plunger device is used to pump the liquid outside the pump body to the throttle valve device, the electromagnetic device generates a pulsed electromagnetic field to push the magnetic core plunger device to reciprocate in the pump body, the miniature electromagnetic water pump of the present utility model has the advantages of stable liquid output and good liquid flow continuity.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an attenuation device (1) of the fluid flow pulsation along a duct of a hydraulic circuit connected with a hydraulic machine, comprising at least an attenuation module (3) passed through by a pass-through duct (5) configured to be placed in fluid communication with said duct of said hydraulic circuit. In particular, in said attenuation module (3) a first duct (7) is obtained having an opened first end (70) in fluid communication with said pass-through duct (5), and a closed second end, said first duct (7) extending along a curved line comprising a plurality of curved sections, said first duct (7) being adapted to attenuate the pulsation of said fluid flow along said duct of said hydraulic circuit to reduce the vibrations generated by said pulsation of said fluid flow.

Abstract: A method for controlling a DC pump motor, preferably a brushed DC motor for pumping lubricant, which motor is controlled by a pulse-width modulated (PWM) control signal, wherein current parameters are acquired in an acquisition step and a duty cycle (D) of the PWM control signal (SPWM) is adapted and/or changed on the basis of the detected parameters in an adaptation step, wherein the acquisition of current parameters comprises at least the acquisition of a current input voltage (UB).

Abstract: A multi-pump pump system includes at least two pumps and a system pulsation dampener sized and configured to reduce a magnitude of pressure pulsations within a combined flow output by the at least two pumps, together with at least one mini-dampener coupled between the outlet of one of the pumps and header pipe(s) carrying flow from one of the pumps into the system pulsation dampener, the at least one mini-dampener sized and configured to reduce the magnitude of pressure pulsations over the system pulsation dampener alone. Optionally, a mini-dampener may be coupled between each pump and the system pulsation dampener. A single header pipe may carry combined flow from the at least two pumps into the system pulsation dampener, or separate header pipes may carry individual flows from the pumps into the system pulsation dampener.

Abstract: A restricted passage (24) of the present invention includes a first communication part (26) which is open to a first liquid chamber, a second communication part (27) which is open to a second liquid chamber, and a main body flow path (25) which allows the first communication part (26) and the second communication part (27) to communicate with each other, the main body flow path (25) includes a swirl chamber (34) that generates a swirling flow of the liquid according to a flow velocity of the liquid from the other of the first communication part (26) and the second communication part (27), and the swirl chamber (34) is disposed to be spaced apart from one of the first ID communication part (26) and the second communication part (27).

Abstract: A dispenser actuator assembly (100) actuates a dispenser (10). The dispenser (10) is a plastic ampoule (10) having a container (48) having an outer wall (50) and membrane (52) collectively defining a first chamber (54) containing a flowable material (M). The membrane (52) has a weld seam (56). The actuator assembly (100) has a base member (102) configured to mount on the container (48). A fracturing mechanism (116) is operably connected to the base member (102). The fracturing mechanism (116) has a first extending member (132a) and a second extending member (132b), the first extending member (132a) and the second extending member (132b) positioned on the base member (102) in opposed relation. Each extending member (132a,132b) has a projection (150a,150b) positioned proximate the membrane (52).

Abstract: Pressure sensor assemblies comprise a sensor body having a membrane within the body for placement in communication with a fluid from an external source and determining a pressure of the fluid. A support is connected with the body and includes a channel extending therethrough for receiving the fluid, wherein the channel is in fluid-flow communication with the membrane. A substrate is connected with the support and comprises a channel extending therethrough for receiving the fluid from an external source. The support may be formed from a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion that is between a coefficient of thermal expansion of the support and a coefficient of thermal expansion of the external fluid source connected with the substrate. One of the substrate or the support comprises a fluid pressure mitigation feature for mitigating the transmission of a pressure spike in the fluid to protect the sensor membrane.

Abstract: A device and method to mitigate transient events in a transported medium of fluids and gases subjected to surges, and over pressure events caused by the transient state of a transported medium in a continuous pipeline, where the device has one or more concentrically positioned multilayered composite pipes encased in an outer spool pipe with an annulus space between the spool pipe and the multilayered composite pipes, with flanged adaptors at each end of the device for inline installation in a pipeline, with a management system for receiving, processing and transmitting information gathered in combination with existing pipeline monitoring, and acoustical detection system for receiving and processing of acoustic transmission due to an acoustical wave.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pulsation damping device of a hydraulic brake system including a first damper having a first damping chamber whose volume is varied by the hydraulic pressure of the brake oil, and a second damper having a second damping chamber whose volume is varied by the hydraulic pressure of the brake oil, wherein the volume change rate of the first damping chamber relative to the hydraulic pressure of the brake oil is provided to be larger than the volume change rate of the second damping chamber, and the hydraulic pressure of the corresponding brake oil in the first damping chamber when reaching the maximum variable volume is provided to be smaller than the hydraulic pressure of the corresponding brake oil in the second damping chamber when reaching the maximum variable volume.

Abstract: Hydraulic valves for dampening pressure spikes and associated methods are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a hydraulic valve for dampening pressure spikes includes a valve body, a poppet at least partially inside the valve body, and a pilot piston at least partially inside the valve body and away from the poppet. The pilot piston contacts the poppet in response to a pressure spike.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a high-pressure fuel supply pump having a pump body capable of improving corrosion resistance and weldability and being manufacturable by forging. Therefore, in the high-pressure fuel supply pump having a metal pump body forming a pressurizing chamber, the pump body is made of a steel material containing 12% to 18% of Cr and 3% to 7% of Ni, and the pump body has a forging surface on a part of the outer peripheral surface.

Abstract: In order to further improve the sound damping in a refrigerant compressor comprising a common housing, a screw-type compressor in a common housing has a compressor housing that is formed as part of the common housing with a first sound absorber unit which is arranged in the common housing. The first sound absorber unit is arranged adjacent a housing window, and the sound absorber unit comprises at least one chamber which is located between an inlet opening and an outlet opening and which widens out relative to the inlet opening and to the outlet opening in a direction transverse to a direction of flow.

Abstract: A fluid pulse dampener with automatic pressure-compensation is provided. A system of chambers and channels in the dampener creates an internal feedback mechanism that increases or decreases a compensating pressure on the membrane in response to increases or decreases in the pressure of a fluid moving past the other side of the membrane. Variations of the pulse dampener allow for the input and/or output of gas flow is be restricted or increased as may be desired.

Abstract: A gas tank arrangement for an internal combustion engine is provided, the gas tank arrangement including a gas tank configured to contain a combustible gas, and a first additional gas tank positioned in downstream fluid communication with the gas tank, wherein the gas tank arrangement further includes a second additional gas tank positioned in downstream fluid communication with the gas tank and in upstream fluid communication with the first additional gas tank. A vehicle including such a gas tank arrangement is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are a water storage tank bladder, a manufacturing method therefor, the water storage tank including the bladder, and a water treatment apparatus including the water storage tank. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the water storage tank bladder used in the water storage tank to receive and store water and discharge the stored water has a lower side of which the thickness can be thicker than the thickness of the upper side of the bladder and thicker than the thickness of the lateral sides of the bladder.

Abstract: A holding member for a diaphragm damper device including a plurality of diaphragm dampers is formed from an elastic member. The holding member includes a band that can be elastically tightened to circumferential walls of two adjacent ones of the diaphragm dampers and hooks arranged on two sides of the band. The hooks elastically hold each of the diaphragm dampers that are stacked.

Abstract: An accumulator has a pressure vessel, a partition portion comparting an internal space of the pressure vessel into a gas chamber having sealed gaseous matter and a liquid chamber having introduced liquid, and a bellows connected to the partition portion. The partition portion is provided with a bellows connection portion connected to the bellows, a seal arranged in a liquid chamber side of the bellows connection portion, and a seal retention portion fixed to the bellows connection portion and retains the seal. The seal retention portion is constructed by a leaf spring which is elastically deformable in a part thereof, and is structured by integrally forming a fixed portion fixed to the bellows connection portion, and a retention portion retaining the seal. Accordingly, the accumulator can reduce the number of parts of a pressure fluctuation absorbing mechanism, can be easily assembled, and can reduce a parts cost.

Abstract: Disclosed is a brake system. The brake system includes a pulsation attenuation device configured to attenuate pressure pulsation of brake oil discharged from a pump, wherein the pulsation attenuation device includes a first damping device, wherein the first damping device includes: a first damping member inserted into a first bore in communication with an in-port through which brake oil is introduced and an out-port through which brake oil is discharged and having a hollow formed therein; a second damping member inserted into the hollow to form a damping space between the second damping member and an inner circumferential surface of the first damping member; and a sealing member coupled to the first damping member and configured to seal the first bore, wherein the damping space is formed by a plurality of grooves formed in the hollow.

Abstract: A device for damping pressure fluctuations in a delivery line of a thick-matter piston pump. The device includes a container communicating with the delivery line and at least partially filled with a compressible fluid. The container is adapted for a pulsing intake and output of transported material during the pumping operation. A controller adjusts the amount of the compressible fluid in the container as a function of operating parameters. The controller includes a pressure sensor for determining delivery pressure and an electronic computing unit. The computing unit determines and stores a pressure ratio V between delivery pressure values occurring during a working cycle of the thick-matter pump and during a switch-over phase between each working cycle of the pistons of the thick-matter pump. Alternately or additionally, the electronic computing unit may determine and store a mean value M of the delivery pressure over a time interval during the switch-over phase.

Abstract: A pump includes a main chamber and a pair of valves on opposite ends of the main chamber. At least a portion of the respective valves and of the main chamber is formed from a single, unitary piece. The respective valves each contain a freely movable member to permit selective opening and closing of each respective valve. A force applicator alternately induces a suction action and an expulsion action in the main chamber.

Abstract: An absorber for use in a fluid delivery system is disclosed which includes a housing defining an interior chamber, a connective fitting extending from the housing in fluid communication with the interior chamber for connecting the housing to the fluid delivery system, and at least one gas-filled bladder or cell disposed within the interior chamber of the housing to accommodate changes in fluid characteristics, such as, for example, pressure and volume, within the fluid delivery system, the gas-filled bladder or cell having a predetermined pre-charge pressure and a multi-layered flexible polymeric shell including a plurality of successive relatively thin polymeric shell layers to inhibit the formation of leak paths through the shell in the event that a single shell layer fails.

Abstract: A packer assembly can include a setting mechanism with a shock dissipation device that deforms and thereby dissipates shock produced by the setting mechanism. A method of constructing a packer assembly can include assembling a setting mechanism by releasably securing a piston of the setting mechanism, the piston displacing in response to a predetermined pressure differential being applied across the piston, and positioning a shock dissipation device with the piston, the shock dissipation device dissipating shock produced by displacement of the piston when the predetermined pressure differential is applied. Another packer assembly can include a setting mechanism which outwardly extends a seal element and/or a gripping device, the setting mechanism including a shock dissipation device which deforms and thereby dissipates shock produced by the setting mechanism, and the shock dissipation device including a generally tubular member having multiple openings formed through a wall of the tubular member.

Abstract: A fluid application system includes a manifold defining an internal passageway, a plurality of nozzles connected in fluid communication with the internal passageway, a plurality of electrically actuated valves for controlling fluid flow through the plurality of nozzles, where each valve of the plurality of electrically actuated valves is connected in fluid communication between the internal passageway and a corresponding one of the plurality of nozzles, and a pressure dampener connected to the manifold and configured to dampen fluctuations in fluid pressure within the internal passageway.

Abstract: The invention provides an accumulator which can reduce the number of the parts of the pressure fluctuation absorption mechanism at the liquid expanding time, can simplify assembling and can reduce a cost of the parts. The accumulator has a seal holder which is provided in a bellows cap, and a plate-like seal which is retained by the seal holder. The seal holder is provided with an inward flange-like outer peripheral side engagement portion, and the seal is provided with an outward projection-like inner peripheral side engagement portion which is arranged in an outer peripheral surface of a seal main body and is made of a rubber-like elastic body engaging with the outer peripheral side engagement portion. The bellows cap moves to a position where liquid pressure and gas pressure are balanced with the seal seating on a seat surface due to difference in pressure receiving area.

Abstract: A hydraulic hose end expansion chamber preferably includes a tube, a first end plate, a second end plate, a threaded nipple, an o-ring and a drain screw. The threaded nipple is attached to the first end plate. The threaded nipple is threadably engaged with a threaded hole in a female hydraulic quick disconnect coupler. The first end plate is attached to a first end of the tube. A threaded hole is formed through the second end plate to threadably receive the drain screw. The o-ring is pushed on to the threaded shaft. The second end plate is attached to a second end of the tube. An L-shaped handle is preferably attached to the second end of the tube. A second embodiment of the hydraulic hose end expansion chamber includes a compression spring with a piston. A third embodiment of the hydraulic hose end expansion chamber includes a nitrogen filled bladder.

Abstract: An oil lubrication system is provided. The oil lubrication system may comprise an oil pump, a conduit fluidly coupled to the oil pump, and a damper fluidly coupled to the conduit. The damper may further comprise a volume configured to receive oil in response to a pulse event. A heat exchanger may also be fluidly coupled to the conduit. In various embodiments, the damper may comprise a spherical volume. The damper may be fluidly coupled to the conduit between the oil pump and the heat exchanger. An adapter may be mechanically coupled between the conduit and the damper. The adapter may comprise a passage in fluid communication with the conduit and the damper. The damper may further comprise a membrane. A gas or compressible fluid may be disposed in the damper on a first side of the membrane. The membrane may be configured to separate the gas from the oil.

Abstract: A high-pressure pump has an elastic member arranged in a damper chamber between a first diaphragm and a second diaphragm. The elastic member is always in contact with both diaphragms while the high-pressure pump is operated. When the diaphragms are further vibrated due to a resonance under a situation where a frequency of the pressure pulsation of low-pressure fuel is in agreement with the characteristic frequency of the diaphragms, the elastic member restricts the deformation of the diaphragms. Therefore, the resonance of the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm can be restricted.

Abstract: A cooling system (1) that cools an HV apparatus (31) includes a compressor (12) that circulates a refrigerant, a heat exchanger (14) that performs heat exchange between the refrigerant and outside air, an expansion valve (16) that reduces the pressure of the refrigerant, a heat exchanger (18) that performs heat exchange between the refrigerant and air-conditioning air, a cooling portion (30) that cools the HV apparatus (31) using the refrigerant that flows between the heat exchanger (14) and the expansion valve (16), and a gas accumulator (70) that retains a gas-phase refrigerant gasified by heat exchange with the HV apparatus (31) in the cooling portion (30).

Abstract: An absorber for use in a fluid delivery system is disclosed which includes a housing defining an interior chamber, a connective fitting extending from the housing in fluid communication with the interior chamber for connecting the housing to the fluid delivery system, and at least one gas-filled bladder or cell disposed within the interior chamber of the housing to accommodate changes in fluid characteristics, such as, for example, pressure and volume, within the fluid delivery system, the gas-filled bladder or cell having a predetermined pre-charge pressure and a multi-layered flexible polymeric shell including a plurality of successive relatively thin polymeric shell layers to inhibit the formation of leak paths through the shell in the event that a single shell layer fails.

Abstract: A pressure sensor includes a housing that includes an interior surface and an axially symmetric liner disposed along the interior surface of the housing, where the liner includes an interior surface and an exterior surface. The pressure sensor further includes a sensing member that includes an interior surface and an exterior surface, where the interior surface of the sensing member is adjacent to the exterior surface of the liner, and the sensing member is configured to expand with the liner. The pressure sensor further includes a strain gauge affixed to the exterior surface of the sensing member.

Abstract: A damper assembly of a high-pressure fuel pump for reducing fuel pulsation, which is capable of reducing the pulsation of a fuel transferred to the high-pressure fuel pump to stabilize the supply of the fuel, having a simplified structure to minimize an installation space and curtailing manufacturing costs, is provided. The damper assembly of the high-pressure fuel pump includes a damper including upper and lower bodies having flange portions formed along a circumference thereof to face each other in a vertical direction, a retainer ring including a curved portion configured to support the damper and a support portion extending from the curved portion in a longitudinal direction, and a cover member configured to surround the damper and the retainer ring. Here, the damper is fixed in a housing as the flange portion of the upper body, the flange portion of the lower body and the curved portion of the retainer ring are welded at welding portions at the same time.

Abstract: A hydraulic accumulator including an energy storage apparatus with a first piston face configured to reversibly compress an energy storage medium and a second piston face forming at least part of an inner surface of a corresponding second fluid chamber reversibly expandable by movement of the second piston face. A third piston face forms at least part of an inner surface of a corresponding third fluid chamber reversibly expandable by the third piston face. The first, second and third piston faces are coupled together.

Abstract: A cistern comprises an upper water tank as a first chamber, and a lower water tank as a second chamber connected by an opening. At the top of the upper tank a mains water inlet allows mains water into the tank through an inlet valve, which is under the control of an upper float. An auxiliary water inlet allows water from an auxiliary supply, such as condensate from an air-conditioning unit, into the tank. At the bottom of lower tank is an water outlet, which allows flushing water from the lower tank 104 to flush an appliance (not shown) under the control of an outlet valve. The outlet valve is under the control of an actuator, which is configured to move up and down, and is also under the control of a lower float.

Abstract: Disclosed is an absorber system for absorbing pressure shocks and fluid volume shocks in a fluid system. In particular, the absorber system includes a housing with a joint for insertion within a fluid system, wherein the housing interior is in fluid communication with fluid in the fluid system. As such, when a pressure and/or fluid volume shock is developed within the fluid system, fluid is forced into the housing via the joint. A membrane is disposed within the housing in such a way that the fluid impacts the membrane which, in response, flexes to absorb and control the pressure and/or fluid volume shock within the fluid system. The absorber system, thus, controls pressure and/or fluid volume shock within a system and can prevent water hammer and other problems which can result from the development of pressure and/or fluid volume shock.

Abstract: An apparatus that is configured to test operation of a gas meter. The apparatus can include a process control member with operative circuitry that provides all functionality necessary to execute the test and to analyze the resulting data. This functionality includes data processing functions and a web server to allow communication between the apparatus and a remote device via a network. In one embodiment, the operative circuitry includes a first circuitry to regulate operation of a fluid moving unit that provides fluid to a meter-under-test. The operative circuitry can also include a second circuitry to collect data from one or more sensors disposed on the meter-under-test. The operative circuitry can also have a third circuitry to perform various operations necessary to calculate, in one example, a value for an operative characteristic that relates to the accuracy of the meter-under-test.

Abstract: A pressure gauge for measuring pressure in a vacuum chamber includes a flange couplable with the vacuum chamber, a pressure sensor configured to measure pressure, an air valve between the flange and the pressure sensor, and a vibration dampening assembly configured to dampen vibration in the pressure gauge. A sputtering system for sputter deposition includes a sputter chamber and the pressure gauge. The flange of the pressure gauge is coupled with the sputter chamber. A method of measuring pressure in a vacuum chamber with the pressure gauge includes coupling the flange with the vacuum chamber, dampening vibration in the pressure gauge with the vibration dampening assembly, and obtaining a pressure measurement from the pressure sensor.

Abstract: A silencer for a vehicle air conditioning system is designed to reduce a noise and a vibration of a compressor transmitted into a vehicle room along coolant pipes. The silencer includes a silencer body tube and an external resonance tube. The silencer body tube is installed between the coolant pipes wherein a coolant gas flowing along the coolant pipes passes through the silencer body tube, the silencer body tube including one or more resonance holes formed on an outer circumferential surface of the silencer body tube. The external resonance tube is installed on the outer circumferential surface of the silencer body tube wherein a resonance chamber for absorbing a vibration and a noise of a coolant gas flowing through the silencer body tube is defined between the outer circumferential surface of the silencer body tube and the external resonance tube.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel assembly for coating substrates.

Abstract: An electro-acoustic driver including an acoustic waveguide includes an enclosure, an acoustic transmission line formed within the enclosure, and a plurality of acoustic transducers contained within the enclosure and disposed along a length of the acoustic transmission line. Each acoustic transducer is configured to emit acoustic energy directly into the acoustic transmission line at two separated locations along the length of the acoustic transmission line.

Abstract: An accumulator has a seal member retained to a port hole side of a bellows cap via a seal holder. The seal member comes into contact with a seal portion so as to occlude a liquid chamber in the case that an operation of a device stops and the pressure within a pressure piping is lowered. The seal member moves in a direction that the bellows cap moves away from the seal portion while being in contact with the seal portion when the liquid confined in the liquid chamber thermally expands in a state in which the liquid chamber is occluded. The seal member is obtained by attaching a flexible portion constructed by a rubber-like elastic body to an outer peripheral surface of a rigid plate, and the flexible portion allows relative movement of the bellows cap by shear deformation on the basis of engagement with the seal holder.

Abstract: An in-line water hammer arrester comprises a housing connectable at each end to a piping system, a fluid channel disposed within the housing to permit fluid to flow from the piping system through the housing and back into the piping system, a piston and a pressurized chamber. When a pressure spike occurs, the piston is pushed against the pressurized chamber allowing an expanded area for water flow until the pressure spike is dissipated and the piston returns to its resting position. When used with flexible hoses and tubing typically found with household appliance water supply lines, the in-line arrester is easily installed by a crimping or clamping type connector and takes up little space.

Abstract: A device for controlling fluid flow pressure and flow rate is disclosed. The device includes a first orifice plate, a second orifice plate housed in a tubular structure. The first orifice plate includes a first orifice of a first diameter (d1) and the first orifice is positioned near an edge of the first orifice plate. The second orifice plate includes a second orifice of a second diameter (d2) and the second orifice is positioned near an edge of the second orifice plate. The tubular structure has an effective diameter (D) comprising the first orifice plate and the second orifice plate placed at perpendicular direction to the fluid flow within the tubular structure, separated by an optimum distance (X).

Abstract: A hollow, cylindrical water hammer arrestor includes an axial passage; two externally threaded extensions disposed at both ends respectively, each of the externally threaded extensions having a diameter less than that of the axial passage; a plurality of first rings disposed in the axial passage, each of the first rings having a plurality of teeth formed on an inner surface; and a plurality of second rings disposed in the axial passage, each of the second rings having a smooth inner surface. The first and second rings are alternately disposed from one end of the axial passage to the other end in the axial passage.

Abstract: A work vehicle comprises a chassis, a compartment, a vibratory power unit positioned in the compartment and mounted to the chassis to move in vibration relative to the chassis, a pump, a fluid attenuator, and a rigid tube. The pump and the fluid attenuator are mounted to the vibratory power unit to move in vibration relative to the chassis. The rigid tube interconnects the pump and the fluid attenuator for fluid communication therebetween.

Abstract: A pulsation damper of a vehicle braking system includes a connection for supplying and discharging fluid into a damper chamber. The connection has a segmented design with a first segment of the connection forming a supply line and a second segment of the connection forming a discharge line. The two segments are delimited from each other by a separating wall.

Abstract: A damper device includes a first diaphragm having a first peripheral part, a second diaphragm having a second peripheral part, a first support portion disposed on the opposite side from the second peripheral part with respect to the first peripheral part, and a second support portion disposed on the opposite side from the first peripheral part with respect to the second peripheral part. The first peripheral part and the second peripheral part are supported between the first support portion and the second support portion. Radially outer sections of the first peripheral part, the second peripheral part, the first support portion, and the second support portion are integrally welded with each other.

Abstract: A diaphragm pressure expansion vessel (1) which is intended to be connected to a line system having two vessel parts (2, 3) which are connected to one another in a pressure-tight and fluid-tight manner in a peripheral connecting region (4), wherein the closed vessel interior (10) which is formed by the two vessel parts (2, 3) is separated into a water chamber (6) and a gas chamber by a diaphragm (5), wherein the water chamber (6) can be connected to the line system via a connection piece (7), wherein the diaphragm (5) is formed from an at least single-layered plastic and is in the form of a bubble, should be developed further such that the risk of fracture of the plastic diaphragm when subjected to loading during replacement is considerably reduced.

Abstract: The invention is related to mechanical engineering and can be used in fluid power systems for transfer of fluid power between working fluids with different temperatures at reduced heat exchange between them. The objective of the present invention is creation of a hydraulic buffer for fluid power transfer between working fluids with different temperatures at reduced heat exchange between them. The objective is achieved by the proposed hydraulic buffer (hereinafter—the buffer) comprising a housing with at least two variable-volume reservoirs separated from one another, each of them communicating with its port in the housing. The variable-volume reservoirs are separated from one another by at least two separators with at least one buffer reservoir made between them filled with working fluid preferably with low heat conductivity, i.e. not exceeding 0.2 W/m/K.

Abstract: An overpressure absorption mechanism is provided for a fluid bed processor. The mechanism includes spring assemblies mounted in the legs of the processor. The arms of the lower housing section extend into the legs and are supported on the springs. If an overpressure condition arises within the processor, the springs compress to allow movement between the housing sections to allow engagement of clamping rings which contain the over pressure condition.

Abstract: A system relating to ceramic/rubberized lined steel pipes adapted to carry crushed rock and other highly abrasive materials.