Abstract: Wear members in separators, cyclones, pipelines and similar apparatus, which are abrasively worn by a particle-conducting flow, said wear members having increased durability as a result of increased surface roughness.

Abstract: Apparatus for distributing flowing media from one flow cross section to a different flow cross section in a funnel-shaped tubular enclosure open at both ends. A plate having a multiplicity of parallel passage canals is arranged perpendicular to the axis of the tubular enclosure leaving free passage openings between the edge of the plate and the tubular enclosure and the flared opening of the funnel shaped tubular enclosure is filled by an end plate with a multiplicity of parallel passage canals.

Abstract: An outer tube is corrugated helically or annularly and an inner, uncorrugated tube has axially and radially outwardly extending ribs engaging inwardly directed corrugation crests of the outer tube. Part of a fluid flow is diverted into the space between the tubes.

Abstract: An improved fluid-dispensing valve device for a bubble-making toy such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,745,693. A dispensing valve is provided between a fluid reservoir of the toy and a bubble-making hollow stem unit such that the fluid stream path is broken up into a plurality of tiny separate paths which are then turned outward toward the hollow stem so as to provide a continuous and uniform flow of fluid to the bubble-making stem unit.

Abstract: A method of programming exhaust gas constituents is disclosed which cooperates with a unique exhaust passage liner construction resulting in an improved self-cleaning technique for internal combustion engines. The liner comprises an apparatus which preferably subdivides the outer peripheral region of the exhaust so that the Reynolds number of the outer flow is below 2300 and therefore indicative of laminar or controlled turbulent flow. The laminar transient film between the passage wall and flow is enhanced by the transient film between subdividing walls and the flow, the composite acting to reduce the heat transfer coefficient between the total flow and wall of the exhaust passage.

Abstract: A combustible mixture of air and minute fuel droplets is produced for supply to the cylinders of an internal combustion engine. This mixture is formed by accurately controlling both the atomization of fuel and the mass flow rate of air over substantially the entire operating range of the engine. These controls are accomplished by introducing liquid fuel into a stream of intake air and uniformly distributing the fuel in the air followed by passing the air and fuel mixture through a constricted zone to increase the velocity of the mixture to sonic. The sonic velocity air at the constricted zone divides the fuel into minute droplets that are uniformly entrained throughout the air stream. The area of the constricted zone and the quantity of fuel introduced are adjustably varied in correlation with operating demands imposed upon the engine.