Abstract: The present embodiments provide a woven element having a first plurality of warp threads extending in a first direction and integrated into a first surface on a front side of the woven element. The woven element may have a second plurality of warp threads extending in the first direction, where the second plurality of warp threads is integrated into a second surface on a back side of the woven element. A first weft thread may extend in a second direction, where a first portion of the first weft thread is positioned in front of at least one warp thread of the first plurality of warp threads to form at least a portion of a graphic image on the front surface. A second portion of the first weft thread may extend between the first plurality of warp threads and the second plurality of warp threads.

Abstract: A substantially planar wick is formed with a two- or three-dimensional pattern. The contours of this pattern are determined by the desired flame characteristics or the desired visual aesthetics of the pattern itself.

Abstract: An industrial two-layer fabric has an inner space between an upper side fabric and a lower side fabric. Some or all of upper side wefts or lower side wefts are secondary wefts interwoven with upper side warps or lower side warps so as to make the number of warps passing on an upper surface of the upper side fabric or passing on a lower surface of the lower side fabric larger than that on an inner space side of the upper or lower side fabric and a long crimp in the inner space is formed by the secondary weft.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a double-layered fabric including separated two fabric layers which are simultaneously woven by an OPW (one piece woven) method. Specifically, the present invention relates to a gas-inflatable double-layered fabric including a double patterned weave comprised of separated top and bottom fabric layers which are simultaneously woven and have different patterns each other, a preparation method thereof, and an airbag including the same.

Abstract: A double layer woven fabric for use in various applications, including recreational applications such as pool covers. The fabric is formed by two layers of yarns secured together. At least one layer (and, in one embodiment, both layers) of yarns comprises at least two types of yarn of differing geometrical shapes that are preferably positioned alternately across the fabric. The yarns of one shape help to block sunlight while the yarns of the other shape help to ensure that open channels are formed through the fabric for water flow.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat, flame, and electric arc resistant fabric (1) for use as single or outer layer of protective garments. The fabric (1) of the invention comprises at least two separate single plies which are assembled together at predefined positions so as to build pockets (4). The fabric (1) of the invention is made of materials independently chosen from the group consisting of aramid fibers and filaments, polybenzimidazol fibers and filaments, polyamidimid fibers and filaments, poly(paraphephenylene benzobisaxazole) fibers and filaments, phenol-formaldehyde fibers and filaments, melamine fibers and filaments, natural fibers and filaments, synthetic fibers and filaments, artificial fibers and filaments, glass fibers and filaments, carbon fibers and filaments, metal fibers and filaments, and composites thereof.

Abstract: A two layer fabric has first, second, third and fourth upper side wefts contiguously and repeatedly arranged. Each of three contiguously arranged warps forms a knuckle over second, over third, and over second upper side wefts respectively to form a separation portion. At both sides of the separation portion, both the second and third upper side wefts form a float portion by passing over two or more warps. Adjacent to the float portion, one warp passes over the second and third upper side wefts successively and one or two warps adjacent thereto pass over the second or the third upper side weft to form an approach portion where the second and third upper side wefts approach. Crimp portions are formed to sandwich the separation portion where the first and fourth upper side wefts pass over warps which are common to those of the separation portion.

Abstract: Each of lower side wefts of an industrial two-layer fabric passes over three successive lower side warps and then under the remaining two or more lower side warps thereby forming a lower side weft design including a lower-side-weft long crimp. The lower side layer of the fabric is formed by arranging lower side wefts adjacent to each other while repeatedly shifting the weft design according to one of the following shift patterns: shifting by three warps; shifting by four warps; shifting by five warps; shifting by one warp and then four warps; shifting by three warps and then four warps; shifting by two warps and then five warps; shifting by one warp and then six warps; and shifting by one warp, four warps, five warps, and then four warps. The lower-side-weft long crimp of the lower side layer has a rectangular shape.

Abstract: A fabric for a horizontal belt filter includes a two-layer structure in which an upper-surface-side weft forming an upper-surface-side layer and a running-face-side weft forming a running-face-side layer are woven together by a warp. An upper-surface-side surface of the fabric includes a warp long crimp portion of a warp which passes over four or more continuous upper-surface-side wefts; and a warp latent portion which passes under one to four upper-surface-side wefts. At least a part of the warp latent portion passes under one or two running-face-side wefts to weave together the upper-surface-side layer and the running-face-side layer. The warp long crimp is formed on the upper-surface-side surface, and a weft long crimp is formed on a running-face-side surface. The fabric exhibits a good peeling property of a treated matter and which is superior in a cleaning property, rigidity, running stability, and wear resistance.

Abstract: In a press fabric for a pulp machine having a multilayer structure, which fabric is woven using, as a warp, a monofilament as a warp and, as wefts, a yarn obtained by bundling raw yarns of a small diameter and forming a fine water sucking space therebetween and a monofilament, at least an upper surface side weft and a lower surface side weft are arranged vertically as the wefts; the yarns forming a fine water-sucking space and monofilament are used as wefts constituting the lower side layer; they are arranged at a ratio of 2:2 or 1:2; and two monofilaments are arranged adjacent to each other as the lower surface side wefts, whereby the press fabric can maintain its dewatering channel for discharging water to the back surface side from the initial stage to the final stage of use.

Abstract: In a lower surface side layer of an industrial two-layer fabric, warps are formed by sequentially arranging a repeating design unit, in which one warp passes over six successive lower surface side wefts, passes under one lower surface side weft, passes over two lower surface side wefts, and passes under one lower surface side weft while shifting the design by three lower surface side wefts. Two adjacent lower surface side warps simultaneously weave therein, from the lower surface side, one lower surface side weft, whereby the lower surface side weft passes over two lower surface side warps and then passes under eight lower surface side warps to form a weft long crimp corresponding to eight lower surface side warps on the lower surface side surface.

Abstract: The invention relates, on the one hand, to a process for weaving fabrics on a weaving machine, wherein these fabrics comprise a plurality of warp yarn systems, wherein for at least two mutually adjacent warp yarn systems, in each of these at least two mutually adjacent warp yarn systems, at least two pile warp yarns with different characteristics are present, and wherein in each of the said warp yarn systems the pile warp yarns are interlaced alternately in the fabric, according to a pattern, for figuring application and are inwoven or float along the fabric for non-figuring application, wherein a bottommost and a topmost fabric (20), (10) are woven according to a double-face weaving method, and the said two mutually adjacent warp yarn systems each comprise the same at least two pile warp yarns (17), (18), (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), in which case, if the one pile warp yarn in the first warp yarn system (17), (21), (23), (25) in non-figuring application, floats or is inwoven in the top fabric (10), re

Abstract: An industrial two-layer fabric which comprises eight pairs of warps obtained by arranging eight upper surface side warps and eight lower surface side warps, and a plurality of upper surface side wefts and lower surface side wefts, and has an upper surface side layer and a lower surface side layer bound with warp-direction yarns. In the lower surface side layer, warps are formed by successively arranging a design in which one warp passes over four successive lower surface side wefts, passes under one lower surface side weft, passes over two lower surface side wefts, and passes under one lower surface side weft while shifting the design by three lower surface side wefts, and two adjacent lower surface side warps simultaneously weave therein, from the lower surface side, one lower surface side weft.

Abstract: A papermaking fabric includes a series of repeat units, each of the repeat units including: a set of top machine direction (MD) yarns; a set of top cross machine direction (CMD) yarns interwoven with the set of top MD yarns; a first set of bottom CMD yarns, the first set of bottom CMD yarns arranged in pairs; a second set of bottom CMD yarns, the second set of bottom CMD yarns arranged as single yarns; a set of bottom CMD yarns interwoven with the first and second set of bottom MD yarns; and a set of pairs of MD stitching yarns interwoven with the top and bottom CMD yarns, each pair of MD stitching yarns sandwiching a respective immediately adjacent bottom MD yarn of the second set. Each of the yarns of a pair of the first set of bottom MD yarns interweaves with the bottom CMD yarns in the same pattern.

Abstract: A papermaker's fabric, usable in a forming section of a paper machine, having a first layer formed of a first system of paired machine-direction (MD) warp yarns interwoven with a first system of cross machine-direction (CD) weft yarns and a second layer formed of a second system of MD warp yarns interwoven with a second system of CD weft yarns. The paired MD warp yarns are intrinsic to the first layer and are interwoven with the second system of CD weft yarns to bind the second layer to the first layer. The second system of MD warp yarns forms long floats, or warp-runners, on an external surface of the second layer. In this manner, a triple layer forming fabric with paired intrinsic binders and warp-runners may be produced with improved wear side abrasion resistance.

Abstract: A papermaking fabric includes a series of repeat units, each of the repeat units including: a first set of top machine direction (MD) yarns; a second set of top MD yarns; a set of top cross machine direction (CMD) yarns interwoven with the first and second sets of top MD yarns; a set of bottom CMD yarns; and a set of pairs of MD stitching yarns interwoven with the top and bottom CMD yarns, each pair of MD stitching yarns sandwiching an immediately adjacent respective top MD yarn of the second set. The first and second sets of top MD yarns interweave only with the top CMD yarns.

Abstract: There is provided a high density woven fabric wherein air permeability under 50 kPa differential pressure is 2.5 L/cm2/min. or less, and air permeability index (50 kPa) calculated by the formula 1 is 1.2 or more. Air permeability index (50 kPa)=(Log (Q (55 kPa))−Log (Q (45 kPa)))/(Log 55−Log 45)  (Formula 1) Air permeability under Q(55 kPa):55 kPa differential pressure is (1/cm2/min.); and Air permeability under Q(45 kPa):45 kPa differential pressure is (1/cm2/min.).

Abstract: A fabric incorporating flattened filaments for use as a support fabric in producing a nonwoven product by a hydroentangling process, and a hydroentangling method employing such a fabric.

Abstract: A woven textile fabric is disclosed which is formed of synthetic yarns of at least two different deniers to which a solid polymeric film is laminated. An adhesive polymeric coating is provided for adhering the solid polymeric film to the woven textile fabric. The combination of yarns of different deniers provides a superior adhesion surface for the polymeric film. The yarns and the polymeric coating are preselected respectively in deniers and thicknesses so as to render the fabric substantially impermeable to fluid under pressure, while maintaining superb packageability and anti-blocking properties for use in vehicle occupant restraint systems. An air bag incorporating the woven textile fabric of the invention and having two outer surfaces and pre-configured air holding cavities woven therein to which a solid polymeric film is bonded for receiving and containing fluid under pressure for use in a vehicle air restraint system is also disclosed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a woven webbing structure, which resists interwoven yarns from coming out from the surface of the webbing due to bending, or the like. This is achieved without any significant reduction in the strength or energy absorptivity of the webbing. The webbing includes warps that each have a cored yarn and a side yarn, and wefts interwoven therein. The cored yarn is set such that the elongation percentage thereof is smaller than, or the extensional rigidity thereof is larger than, that of the side yarn, and is twisted by single twisting or the like. As a result, unevenness is formed on the surface of the cored yarn and friction between the cored yarn and other yarns, that is, the side yarn or the weft increases. The frictional force between yarns functions for resisting free movement of the cored yarn due to bending of the webbing, thereby making it possible for the cored yarn to resist coming out from the surface of the webbing.

Abstract: An industrial multilayer fabric has at least an upper surface side layer and running surface side layer. The upper surface side layer and running surface side layer are connected by a ground yarn knotting yarn which forms a portion of the surface of the upper surface side layer. An upper surface side warp which appears on the surface of the upper surface side layer passes over two continuous upper surface side wefts and the ground yarn knotting yarn, and then passes under three continuous upper surface side wefts.

Abstract: There is disclosed a woven webbing structure, which resists interwoven yarns from coming out from the surface of the webbing due to bending, or the like. This is achieved without any significant reduction in the strength or energy absorptivity of the webbing. The webbing includes warps that each have a cored yarn and a side yarn, and wefts interwoven therein. The cored yarn is set such that the elongation percentage thereof is smaller than, or the extensional rigidity thereof is larger than, that of the side yarn, and is twisted by single twisting or the like. As a result, unevenness is formed on the surface of the cored yarn and friction between the cored yarn and other yarns, that is, the side yarn or the weft increases. The frictional force between yarns functions for resisting free movement of the cored yarn due to bending of the webbing, thereby making it possible for the cored yarn to resist coming out from the surface of the webbing.

Abstract: An interwoven belting fabric for using conveyors, including treadmills, is constructed of a dual layer of weft yarns comprising adjacent couplets, and a plurality of binder warp yarns. Each binder warp yarn extends over of couplets of weft yarns, and under a plurality of adjacent couplets of weft yarns so that the warp yarns extends under more couplets in the lower layer then extends over couplets in the upper layer.

Abstract: A forming belt and/or a transfer belt which are belts for a forming part of an apparatus for manufacturing a construction material, prevent stains caused by entry of raw material particles and has excellent rigidity and cleanability.

Abstract: A multilayer papermaking fabric having interwoven machine direction (MD) and cross-machine direction (CMD) yarns, the CMD yarns defining at least upper and lower CMD yarn subsets which are interwoven with the MD yarns in a repeat pattern such that the MD yarns have substantially more interweavings with the upper CMD yarn subset than with the lower CMD yarn subset. The lower subset CMD yarns define machine side floats under at least seven MD yarns and each MD yarn interweaves with only two lower subset CMD yarns in a given repeat.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fabric for the production of clothing from at least two different threads. For the creation of such a fabric, which has on one side substantially the properties determined by one thread and on the other side substantially the properties determined by the other thread or threads and has from each side substantially the visual appearance of a homogeneous fabric, according to the invention the fabric consists of an upper fabric and a lower fabric, the upper fabric being formed exclusively from one thread and the lower fabric exclusively from the other thread or threads, while the upper fabric is connected to the lower fabric by the attachment in places of individual threads of the lower fabric to threads of the side of the upper fabric adjacent the lower fabric, or the upper side of the fabric is formed mainly from one thread and the lower side of the fabric is formed mainly from the other thread or threads.

Abstract: In a double woven fabric with an upper layer and a lower layer, provision is made that, in the area of a desired predetermined separation line, a thread system with warp threads and weft threads alternates out of the upper layer into the lower layer and a thread system alternates out of the lower into the upper layer. At both sides of the desired predetermined separation line, the threads alternating between the upper layer and the lower layer and vice versa are separated in the lower layer. Created thereby is a flat textile structure with a predetermined separation line invisible from the viewing side of the surface of the double woven fabric.

Abstract: A woven papermakers fabric having a first system of yarns interwoven with a second system of yarns. The second system of yarns having a repeat which defines three successive knuckles on the paper carrying side of the fabric while maintaining vertical alignment of the first system yarns in the respective first and second layers of the first system by defining a single knuckle on the machine side of the fabric in each repeat. Preferably, the first system yarns are cross machine direction (CMD) yarns which repeat with respect to eight pairs of stacked machine direction (MD) yarns.

Abstract: A double layer papermaking fabric having first and second layers of cross machine direction (CMD) yarns interwoven with a system of machine direction (MD) yarns. The MD repeat pattern is characterized by a portion that weaves exclusively with the first CMD layer, a portion that transitions between the layers, a portion that weaves exclusively with the second CMD layer and a portion that transitions between the layers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a one-piece multidimensional lining carried within an outer fabric casing and lying substantially coextensively along the length thereof. The lining is formed of a double cloth fabric having a first fabric layer and a second fabric layer, the first fabric layer and second fabric layer being of similar or dissimilar constructions and being joined by interlacing warp or filling yarns or both in two planes.

Abstract: A reinforced fabric composed of a background fabric and a reinforcing grid that is joined to the background fabric so that the grid reinforced fabric is at least 20% stronger than a fabric into which reinforcing yarns of the same type and weight percent as that of the grid have been integrally woven.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a single lamina tissue paper having visually discernible, large scale patterns made during the drying step of the papermaking process. Particularly, the tissue is made on a blow through drying belt having a pattern of alternating knuckles and deflection conduits. This pattern produces a like pattern of regions in the paper having alternating values of crepe frequencies, opacities and elevations. The differences in these values produces a visually discernible pattern.

Abstract: An endless textile sling for lifting. The sling includes a textile protective cover having a first textile tube, and a second textile tube within the first textile tube to form a double tube structure. The first tube and the second tube are connected together along two respective oppositely positioned longitudinal edges to form an inner sheath and an outer sheath. The sling further includes a load-carrying core within the second textile tube. The core includes a plurality of endless fiber strands. The sling is provided with a plurality of binding elements positioned between the two longitudinal edges and connecting the inner and outer sheaths together. The inner and outer sheaths are separated by a space. The binding elements partition the space into mutually separated chambers. The binding elements include one of a binding warp, a tie-in and an interlaced connection.

Abstract: The present invention provides a belt filter press fabric for supporting pressing and draining moisture from a moisture laden web in a press having an inlet end, an outlet end and at least one high pressure nip. The fabric includes machine direction monofilament yarns having selected load bearing, dimensional stability and compressible characteristics. Means for protecting the machine direction yarns from compressive deterioration, such as fibrillation, are provided by interweaving the machine direction yarns with cross machine direction yarns the majority of which have a compressibility characteristic which is greater than the characteristic of the machine direction yarns.

Abstract: A double layer papermaking fabric includes a plurality of machine direction yarns interwoven with a plurality of layers of cross direction yarns including an upper, paper side layer of yarn comprising a first set of generally parallel main cross direction yarns having one of a plurality of extra support yarns interposed between each adjacent yarn of this first set of main cross direction yarns and a plurality of machine direction yarns with each machine direction yarn interweaving with only a single yarn of the first set of main cross direction yarns in each weave repeat of the machine direction yarn. The double layer fabric also includes a lower, machine side layer of yarns including a second set of generally parallel main cross direction yarns with the machine direction yarns interweaving with at least one yarn of that second set of main cross direction yarns in each weave repeat of the machine direction yarns.

Abstract: The present invention provides a belt filter press fabric for supporting pressing and draining moisture from a moisture laden web in a press having an inlet end, an outlet end and at least one pressure nip. The fabric is comprised of machine direction monofilament yarns having selected load bearing, dimensional stability and compressible characteristics interwoven with cross machine direction yarns the majority of which have a compressibility characteristic which is greater than the characteristic of the machine direction yarns.

Abstract: A dual layer 14 harness woven papermaking fabric having an upper, or sheet, side and a lower, or machine, side is disclosed and includes a set of machine direction yarns, a first set of cross machine direction yarns extending mainly on the sheet side and a second set of cross machine direction yarns extending mainly on the machine side, both being interwoven with the machine direction yarn, with the sheet side knuckles of the machine direction yarns floating over two of the sheet side cross machine direction yarns. The interlacing of the machine direction yarns and the cross machine direction yarns includes at least one machine direction yarn interposed between the lowermost portions of each of the sheet side cross machine direction yarns and any subjacent machine side cross direction yarns, whereby overlap of adjacent cross machine direction yarns of the machine side set and the sheet side set is substantially avoided.

Abstract: A double fabric produced by a forming wire for the wet end of a paper making machine. The double fabric has two sets of longitudinally directed threads and at least one upper and one lower layer of cross threads. The first set of longitudinal threads are woven with the upper layer cross threads. The second set is woven with the lower layer of cross threads, as well as partly with the upper layer to form a woven pattern.

Abstract: A papermakers' double layer type fabric comprises in one repeat a warp layer consisting of n (an integer of at least 7).times.2 of warps, and n (an integer of at least 7).times.2 of wefts arranged on the warp layer as the upper surface wefts and n (an integer of at least 7).times.2 of wefts arranged under the warp layer as the lower surface wefts. The lower surface wefts consist of polyester yarns and polyamide yarns, the lower surface polyamide wefts being each interlaced once in one repeat with a warp and the lower surface polyester wefts being each interlaced once or twice in one repeat with a warp.

Abstract: A papermaking wire of double layered fabric, consisting of a set of warp threads, yarns in machine direction, and a set of weft threads on the running side of the wire, yarns in cross machine direction, as well as a set of weft threads on the paper side of the wire, the last one consisting of at least two groups of weft threads differing from one another with respect to the outwardly located length of floatings. In order to avoid an unacceptable decrease of the stability of the wire and avoid markings in the paper as well as an essential reduction of drainage of the wire, if the number of cross threads on the paper side is increased, the wire is configurated such that it includes three groups of cross threads A, B, C on the paper side. Within one weave pattern each warp thread is transversing three weft threads succeeding one another on the paper side and running thereafter between the weft threads on the paper side and on the running side interlacing at least one weft thread on the running side.

Abstract: A multi-layer fabric for paper-making comprising at least two fabric layers A and B, each of which is formed by inter-weaving respective warps and wefts. An upper-most layer A is woven as a plain weave 1/1 except at binding points S1, S3 and is adapted to support a paper-web thereon. A lower layer B is positioned below the upper-most layer A, and formed by warps 3 and wefts 4, 4a, each of which have larger diameters than those of the upper-most layer A. The upper-most layer A and the lower-most layer B are bound by means of a part 1a of the warps 1 of the upper-most layer A being interwoven with a part 4a of the wefts 4 of the lower-most layer, or by means of separate binder threads 5 other than the warps or wefts being interwoven with the upper-most layer A and the lower-most layer B. At the binding points, a warp 1a of the upper-most layer which intersects with a weft 4a of the lower-most layer B or with a binder thread 5 is extended under three successive wefts 2a.

Abstract: A papermachine fabric for the production of tissue paper or porous batts has a two layer fabric comprised of a fine upper fabric layer and a coarser lower fabric layer. Both fabric layers have a large open area. The two fabric layers are firmly interconnected so that the upper fabric layer exhibits depressions at the sites of interweaving which are distributed in the manner of a pattern. The papermachine fabric is especially suited as an embossing fabric for after drying the paper web coming from a sheet forming fabric or as a second sheet former of a twin wire former.

Abstract: A forming fabric for use e.g. in the papermaking industry. The fabric comprises a first weave (1) including weft threads (4) and warp threads (3), and a second weave (2) which is interconnected with the first weave, said second weave comprising coarser weft threads (6), which interweave with warp threads (5) arranged in groups of at least two threads. The warp threads (5) of each group run in parallel with each other and weave alike with the weft threads (6) of the second weave (2).

Abstract: A dual layer forming fabric for use in papermaking, cellulose and similar machines having weave floats in the cross machine direction yarns on the machine side of the fabric that are under eleven machine direction yarns. The float bestows extra life potential to the fabric and gives extra protection to the machine direction yarn knuckles on the machine side of the fabric without any detrimental effect on the fine paper making surface of the fabric. The forming fabric of the present invention has a papermaking surface where the machine direction knuckles and the cross machine direction knuckles are close to, or are, coplanar.

Abstract: A clothing for use in a papermaking machine wherein the fabric includes two or more fabric layers, each layer comprised of woven structural longitudinal and transverse threads and each interconnected by additional transverse binder threads, and wherein at least the structural transverse threads of the lower fabric layer jointly interwoven with the transverse binder threads are arranged in pairs or as twin threads.

Abstract: Heat-sterilizable blanket which has good thermal insulation properties, which is particularly suitable for use in hospitals, old people's homes and hostel institutions, and which comprises a regularly interlaced double cloth into which a wadding pick is additionally incorporated in piquelike fashion and floats over wide stretches. The upper and lower warps and upper and lower wefts of this blanket comprise plain-woven high-twist cellulosic fiber yarns, while the wadding pick is made of a low-twist synthetic fiber yarn having a linear density of 100-1,000 tex. The blanket is shrunk to its final dimensions by washing and drying at temperatures of 100.degree. to 135.degree. C., which at the same time bulks up the blanket and increases its pore volume.

Abstract: A two-ply screen for the sheet forming zone of a papermaking machine comprises weft filaments arranged in pairs one over the other and warp filaments with all the warp filaments being woven into the top layer of the screen. Only part of the warp filaments are woven also into the bottom layer of the screen. The number of warp filaments in the top fabric layer serving to form the paper sheet is twice that contained in the bottom layer. The lower weft filaments are at least 20% and preferably at least 30% thicker than the warp filaments.

Abstract: A double layer forming fabric for use in a paper-making machine has a warp ratio of at least six strands and a shute ratio of at least twelve strands. The warp strands bind with the lower layer at locations distributed according to a satin weave pattern whose ratio is equal to the warp ratio; the warp strands bind with the upper layer at locations distributed according to a pattern whose aggregated ratio is equal to the warp ratio and which is constituted by the association of several weave patterns each having a warp ratio lower to 6 strands. There are at least two shute strands of the upper layer between two successive points where a warp strand comes down from the paper contacting face across the upper layer and then comes up again, respectively.

Abstract: An endless forming fabric for paper-making machine comprise at least two layers of transverse threads and one layer of longitudinal threads. The upper loops formed by the longitudinal threads cover from 3 to 7 transverse threads of the upper layer. The leading crossing points of these upper loops with the transverse threads are distributed in a weave pattern using at least five longitudinal threads. The weave pattern on the paper side of the fabric is selected so as to avoid alignment of the upper loops of adjacent threads and diagonal effects. The lower loops formed by the longitudinal threads, on the machine side of the fabric, pass each time only underneath a single transverse thread of the lower layer. The outer loops are so located that there is no gap in the longitudinal direction between each individual said outer loop of each said longitudinal thread and outer loops of the adjacent longitudinal threads.

Abstract: The present invention provides a breathable fabric comprising a woven first layer and a woven second layer said first layer at spaced points both longitudinally and laterally of said fabric being interwoven with said second layer providing tie-in points of said first layer to said second layer, the spacing between the tie-in points being sufficiently close to provide that the layers are always in contact with each other over the whole area of the adjacent surfaces.