Abstract: A filling machine (1) includes a dosing station (3) comprising a supporting element (5) and a dosing unit (10) having a dosing cylinder (12) and a piston (13), for filling bodies (101) of capsule (100) with a product (P) picked-up from a tank (4); the supporting element (5) is movable between a lowered picking position (B), in which the dosing unit (10) is inserted in the tank (4) and a dosing position (C) in which the dosing unit (10) faces a body (101); the piston (13) is movable between a first internal position (D) to form a dosing chamber (15) suitable for picking up and retaining a dose (PI) of product (P), a second internal position (E) to reduce a volume of the dosing chamber (15) and compress the dose (PI) and an external position (F) to push the dose (PI) from the dosing cylinder (12) into a body (101).

Abstract: A filling method includes sealing a container against a filling element of a filling system, after the container has been sealed against the filling element and before beginning a filling phase, connecting the container to an annular vacuum duct, while the container is connected to the vacuum duct, carrying out an evacuation-and-flushing step in which the container is evacuated and flushed with flushing gas that comprises steam from an annular steam duct that carries pressurized steam, connecting the container to an annular pre-tensioning duct, pre-loading the container with inert gas from the pre-tensioning duct, filling the container with the liquid, and relieving pressure into the vacuum duct.

Abstract: A device for dosing a fill product into a container is described. The device includes a dosing unit with a dosing cylinder, a dosing piston displaceably disposed in the dosing cylinder between an upper center and a lower center of the dosing cylinder, and an intake valve with a valve seat for sucking the fill product from a rotatable product reservoir. The valve seat is disposed above a level formed by a base of the dosing piston at the lower center.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include apparatus for filling containers and related methods. In an embodiment, the invention includes an apparatus for filling containers including a filler frame, a rotary turret assembly, a filler plenum assembly, piston assemblies, a cam track, and a fluid supply group. The cam track can include a first rising portion, a second rising portion, a first declining portion, a first flat portion, and a second declining portion. In some embodiments, the apparatus for filling containers can include a sensor and a lever actuator. The piston assemblies can move up and down within the plurality of hollow columns and can include a piston body, and a top hat assembly. The top hat assembly can include a cam contact member and a release lever. The top hat assembly can be configured to releasably engage the top of the piston body in some embodiments. The release lever can allow the piston body and the top hat assembly to release from one another when the release lever is engaged.

Abstract: A filler element includes a valve arrangement that switches it between filling mode and CIP mode by controlling a connection between a chamber formed in a housing and a CIP channel formed from a valve body provided at a filling-height-controlling element. Axial movement of a filling-height-controlling element through an extension connected to the chamber controls mode-switching. In both modes, a continuous fluid connection exists between the extension's CIP connection and the CIP channel. Axial movement of the filling-height-controlling element also controls filling height in the container. In CIP mode, a CIP flow formed in the housing conducts liquid CIP medium out of the boiler, through the filling element, and out into a CIP channel.

Abstract: A bulk liquid dispensing system includes a plurality of dispensing devices for each dispensing a respective type of bulk liquid. Each device includes a primary tank of bulk liquid communicating with a nozzle for dispensing into a reusable container which may be provided by a customer. A secondary portable tank is interchangeably connected above the primary tank to ensure continued dispensing of liquid even as the secondary tank is interchanged. A payment system associates a debit amount with a dispensed fluid from each device resulting from a user selection and a cumulative total of the debit amounts is collected from the customer in a single transaction. The devices can be operated to dispense liquid in response to input of an identification code which is generated when the user prepays, for example through a web interface, a mobile application, a point of sale tool, or a tablet application.

Abstract: Method for filling containers with liquids, wherein the containers are filled using a plurality of controllable filling elements and the liquid is fed to these filling elements starting from a reservoir, common to the filling elements, for storing the liquid, wherein during the filling the containers are transported at least in sections along a circular track and wherein the filling of the containers by at least one filling element is controlled as a function of at least one first parameter characteristic of the liquid in the reservoir and this parameter is determined repeatedly at given intervals of time during the filling operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filling system for filling bottles or similar containers (2) with a liquid filling material, said system comprising at least one filling element, a liquid channel formed in a housing of the filling element and connected to a tank for providing the liquid filling material, and at least one outlet for dispensing the liquid filling material into the respective container attached to the filling element. Said filling system also comprises a liquid valve in the liquid channel, a gas return tube that projects past the at least one outlet on one end, for controlling the level of the filling material in the filled container, and is connected to a gas chamber, formed for example in the tank, by means of a fluid connection. The filling system also comprises an open fluid channel inside the filling element, in the region of the outlet.

Abstract: A filling element for filling systems for filling bottles or similar containers (2) with a hot liquid product, comprising a liquid channel (14, 15), which is formed in the filling element (1), has a filling valve (9) and forms at least one discharge opening, via which, by controlled opening and closing of the liquid valve (9), the liquid product can be introduced into the respective container (2) that has been raised towards the filling element (1) in a lifting movement, and comprising at least one flow path (16, 17, 18), which is formed in the liquid valve (1) and, for heating the filling element (1), can be connected to a hot circulation of the liquid product, characterized in that control means (5.

Abstract: A device for filling at least one dosing chamber is provided, with at least one dosing chamber arranged in a dosing disc into which a filling material is to be introduced. At least one ram acts on the material located in the dosing chamber. The at least one ram is arranged on a support, and at least two columns are connected to the support. A drive mechanism is provided which, via a coupling mechanism, moves at least the two columns up and down in synch.

Abstract: A beverage fill valve actuator adapted for being sealing mounted thru the wall of a beverage fill tank, the actuator having an elongated housing formed with an axial bore extending completely therethrough and providing a tubulate bearing structure at its inner end, a camshaft rotatably mounted in the bore and having its distal end rotatably mounted within the bearing structure with a predesigned selected clearance therebetween, and wherein the camshaft, bearing and barrel structures allow axial motion of the camshaft within the bore of from about 0.002 in. to about 0.020 in. while maintaining the selected clearance.

Abstract: Filling system for filling bottles or similar containers with a liquid consisting of a main component and at least one additional component, said system comprising a plurality of filling elements in which the additional component(s) is/are supplied in controlled quantities via at least one mixing line per filling element in order to be mixed with the main component in the filling element.

Abstract: A reader for mechanical actuation of fluids within a test cartridge. The instrument interface including multiple independently-controlled plungers aligned to respective fluidic pouches on a test cartridge that is inserted into a testing apparatus embodying the instrument interface. The plungers include tips for applying mechanical force to the respective fluidic pouches.

Abstract: A beverage filling assembly and a cam apparatus for a beverage filling machine is disclosed. A cam housing defines a first aperture along a central axis and a second aperture transverse to the central axis with a filling valve aligned with the second aperture. The cam member is rotatably disposed in the first aperture and includes a shaft portion and an eccentric portion aligning with the filling valve. A lever is connected to the cam member for concurrent movement with the cam member. A bearing sleeve defines an orifice for receiving the shaft portion. The bearing sleeve is formed of a self-lubricating material for preventing frictional engagement between the cam housing and the shaft portion. The bearing sleeve includes a flange adjacent the cam housing for preventing movement of the bearing sleeve axially along the central axis during operation. The bearing sleeve is removable from the shaft portion during servicing.

Abstract: A standalone packaging manipulation apparatus performing predetermined packaging manipulation operations on bags being transported along an arcuate transportation path of a rotary-type bag transportation apparatus, the standalone packaging manipulation apparatus including a main arm that pivots and also extends and retracts in a horizontal plane, a sub-arm provided at a distal end portion of the main arm so as to ascend and descend and to rotate in the horizontal plane, and filling nozzle provided on the sub-arm with a predetermined spacing therebetween and simultaneously filling a plurality of bags with liquid. The operation of these elements is performed by mutually independent servomotors.

Abstract: A device for loss-free filling of continuously mixed media in containers may include a mixing tank, a filler valve, and a connecting line. The mixing tank serves to receive and mix at least two different media, of which at least one medium is a fluid, and has a closing device for closing an outlet from the mixing tank. The filler valve serves for filling the mixed media from the mixing tank in the containers. The connecting line is arranged between the outlet from the mixing tank and the filler valve. Here the closing device has a ventilation line that can be connected with the connecting line to ventilate the connecting line to the filler valve. Also a plant may include such a device and a transport device for transporting the containers to the filler valve of the device.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus useful for filling containers by means of a rotating turret which is configured to rotate the containers through the container-filing apparatus to a dosing portion where they are then are filled with material by way of a tamping mechanism. The container-filling apparatus may also include a container-conveying means to move the containers to the rotating turret. Methods of filling containers by using container-filling apparatuses according to embodiments of the invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus to fill a container includes at least one tank for a fluid product to be delivered and one filling head to deliver the fluid product to the container that is movable towards and away from the container. The apparatus further includes a connecting arrangement interposed between the tank and the filling head to supply the fluid product to the filling head. The connecting arrangement includes a ball-and-socket joint structure which includes a first tubular portion having a spherical body, a second tubular portion in the form of a spherical cavity and a tubular sealing element arranged inside the first tubular portion and the second tubular portion at a zone in which the spherical body and the spherical cavity are mutually engaged.

Abstract: A container filling element for filling containers with a liquid. The filling element has two liquid ducts and two separate discharge openings in a housing, as well as separate valves which control the flow of liquid for each liquid duct and discharge opening. A gas shutoff element is disposed in one of the liquid ducts and is positioned adjacent to each of the discharge openings.

Abstract: A device for metering of powdery filling material is proposed, with a filling material container, on the bottom of which at least one metering opening is arranged, with at least one transfer plunger which can be introduced by a movement system into the metering opening in order to transfer the filling material located in the metering opening into a receptacle. In addition to the movement system, a drive unit is provided for applying a force to the transfer plunger in order to assist the transfer of the filling material into the receptacle.

Abstract: A liquid dispensing apparatus for filling at least one bottle with liquid is presented. The apparatus has an unfiltered water source, a filtration assembly, a dispensing assembly, and a bottle retention assembly. The dispensing assembly is configured to dispense filtered water into the interior volume of the at least one bottle.

Abstract: A circular filling machine particularly for slender and elongated products, comprising a carousel assembly which supports a plurality of filling funnels which can be inserted in corresponding containers supported by transfer pans, the filling machine further comprising vibration elements for the funnels, vibration elements for the containers, and a tamping assembly for the insertion and final packing of the product in the containers.

Abstract: Containers for packaging liquid or powder products are directed onto a carousel (1) presenting a support element (9) equipped with a number of peripheral stations (10), each accommodating a relative container (2), and set in rotation about a vertical axis (X) by a drive system (6) housed internally of floor-standing frame (5) on which the carousel (1) is mounted. The support element (9) presents substantially disc-like appearance and is hollow, composed of a top panel (11) and a bottom panel (12) distanced one from another in such a way as to create an annular chamber (13) between the two panels.

Abstract: A machine for filling containers with liquid product, comprising a rotating carousel provided with a plurality of filling stations, means adapted to provide selective feeding by means of a hot fluid and by means of the product, and means adapted to collect and evacuate the hot fluid that exits from the faucets, all the walls of the machine designed to be in contact with the hot fluid and the liquid product having high thermal insulation characteristics.

Abstract: In an embodiment of a continuously-operating machine for filling containers with at least one granular product, each container is fed along a given path in time with a relative metering device, which withdraws the product from a tank, feeds the withdrawn product into the container, and has a metering cylinder defined at the bottom by a piston which moves, along the metering cylinder, to and from a feed position in which to feed the product in the metering cylinder to a drop chute for unloading the product into the relative container; the piston having a cam follower which is maintained contacting a cam by a pneumatic push assembly.

Abstract: A device for metering of powdery filling material is proposed, with a filling material container, on the bottom of which at least one metering opening is arranged, with at least one transfer plunger which can be introduced by a movement system into the metering opening in order to transfer the filling material located in the metering opening into a receptacle. In addition to the movement system, a drive unit is provided for applying a force to the transfer plunger in order to assist the transfer of the filling material into the receptacle.

Abstract: In a continuous machine for filling containers with a product, each container is fed along a given path in time with a relative metering device, which withdraws the product from a tank, feeds the withdrawn product into the container, and has a piston moved with respect to a cylinder by an actuating device having a tappet, which is carried by the piston and maintained contacting a cam by a pneumatic push assembly.

Abstract: The Invention is a tray for serving a beverage in a nightclub or tavern. A tray body defines a reservoir adapted to contain a beverage. A reservoir aperture communicates through the tray body and is controlled by a valve. A dispensing opening is defined by the bottom side of the tray body and aligns the drinking vessel with the reservoir aperture. The valve is actuated when a drinking vessel is placed in engagement with the dispensing opening. A plurality of drinking vessel receptacles located on the top side of the tray are adapted to support drinking vessels.

Abstract: A container filling machine for filling containers, such as bottles, with a liquid, such as a beverage, has at least one filling element for dispensing liquid. The filling element has a gas passage to control the flow of gas there through for filling containers under different pressures or no pressure.

Abstract: There is provided a method of loading a container with a defined quantity of product which comprises the steps of a) closing off a perforation in a perforated plate; b) directing powder into said closed-off perforation by the action of a first leveller blade moveable in a sweeping path relative to the perforated plate; and c) transferring the contents of the perforation to said container, and an apparatus for achieving such method.

Abstract: A beverage bottling plant for filling bottles with a liquid beverage filling material having a filling device and a filling machine having such a filling device. The abstract of the disclosure is submitted herewith as required by 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b). As stated in 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b): A brief abstract of the technical disclosure in the specification must commence on a separate sheet, preferably following the claims, under the heading “Abstract of the Disclosure.” The purpose of the abstract is to enable the Patent and Trademark Office and the public generally to determine quickly from a cursory inspection the nature and gist of the technical disclosure. The abstract shall not be used for interpreting the scope of the claims. Therefore, any statements made relating to the abstract are not intended to limit the claims in any manner and should not be interpreted as limiting the claims in any manner.

Abstract: A filling valve apparatus having a body portion with an inner wall terminating at an aperture to define a sealing seat. The inner wall extends below the seat to define a trap for a fluid. A cage extends from the body portion with the cage having an inner wall mating with the inner wall of the body portion to define a continuous inner surface. A stem, having a seal, includes an outer surface that is complementary in configuration to the continuous inner surface to define a smooth passageway for the fluid as the fluid is directed into the container thereby ensuring a laminar flow of the fluid between the inner and outer surfaces and into the container. The filling valve apparatus also includes a pre-assembled body portion, valve assembly, cap assembly, lower vent tube assembly, and snift valve.

Abstract: Beverage bottling plant for filling bottles with a liquid beverage having a filling machine for filling bottles and other beverage containers with a liquid beverage. The filling machine having a gas tube being configured and disposed to permit evacuation of gas from a beverage bottle to a chamber of a return gas duct without the gas contacting liquid beverage material in a beverage storage reservoir to essentially prevent contamination of the liquid beverage material in said beverage storage reservoir by the gas being evacuated from the beverage bottle.

Abstract: A filling valve apparatus having a body portion with an inner wall terminating at an aperture to define a sealing seat. The inner wall extends below the seat to define a trap for a fluid. A cage extends from the body portion with the cage having an inner wall mating with the inner wall of the body portion to define a continuous inner surface. A stem, having a seal, includes an outer surface that is complementary in configuration to the continuous inner surface to define a smooth passageway for the fluid as the fluid is directed into the container thereby ensuring a laminar flow of the fluid between the inner and outer surfaces and into the container. The filling valve apparatus also includes a pre-assembled body portion, valve assembly, cap assembly, lower vent tube assembly, and snift valve.

Abstract: The capsule filling machine is provided with special volumetric dosing stations each having two or more adjacent dosing units (9, 9?, 22), fixed at equal distances from each other on the periphery of the carousel and located outside and at a distance from the product feed hopper (2), in such a way that they can be rapidly and easily replaced when there is a change in the formal of the capsules to be filled, in the same way as all the other components of the machine, which is also designed for easy and rapid preparation for the washing and sterilization cycle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a valve unit for container filling machines, particularly for bottle fillers. More particularly, the present invention relates to a valve unit (1), particularly for machines for filling containers (8), comprising a hollow body (2) in which a plug (3) is slidably housed and a guide means (14) for the said plug (3), a passage (9) being formed in the said hollow (2) for a fluid (7) for filling the said container (8), characterized in that the said passage (9) for the said filling fluid (7) is separated from the said guide means (14) and from the said plug (3) by an isolating and sealing membrane (32), the said membrane being open at the bottom in such a way as to allow a tip (30) of the to protrude downwards.

Abstract: The present invention provides a filling valve which affords an excellent sterilization capability and a high maintenance capability. The valve includes a tubular nozzle 4, an operating rod 6 which is fitted in the nozzle 4 so as to be elevatable, and an opening/closing valve 22 formed by a valve seat 10a on the internal surface of the nozzle 4 at its bottom end and a valve element 6a formed at the bottom end of the operating rod 6. A portion 10c of a reducing diameter which gradually reduces the cross-sectional area of the filled liquid passage 10 in a downward direction and a portion 10e of an increasing diameter which gradually increases the cross-sectional area of the filled liquid passage 10 in the downward direction are formed on the internal surface of the nozzle 4 at an upper portion thereof. A plurality of straightening vanes 36 are formed on the internal surface of the nozzle 4 at a location below the portion 10e of an increasing diameter.

Abstract: A liquid passage 4 for filling which communicates with a liquid supply piping 6 for filling is formed within a valve housing 2 and carries a filling nozzle 31 at its lower end. The liquid passage 4 is opened or closed by a liquid valve. A packing 38 which seals the mouth of a vessel B, a cylinder 42 which elevates the packing 38, a flow meter 33 which detects a filled content of the liquid which is filled into the vessel B, and an exhaust passage 44 formed in the valve housing 2 are provided. The exhaust passage 44 has an opening disposed toward the vessel which is disposed outside an opening of the filling nozzle 31, and the opening of the filling nozzle 31 is maintained above the elevation of the liquid level which is filled into the vessel B during the filling operation. The filling valve assures a sanitary excellence and is usable with vessels B of differing sizes and shapes.

Abstract: Device for supplying additives (A, B, C) and machine for filling containers (4) with a fluid product (6) supplied to delivery heads (5) by means of a header (7; 7; 107) and distribution ducts (7a; 7b) comprising means (10a, 10b, 10c, 11; 110A, 110B, 110C, 11) for supplying said additives (A, B, C) to the said header (7; 7; 107) receiving the base product (6).

Abstract: A fill valve assembly for use in association with a filler device comprising an outer housing, a product dispensing member, a displaceable piston and a seal member. The product dispensing member is associated with the outer housing. The displaceable piston is displaceably positioned within the outer housing. The seal member is fixedly associated with the displaceable piston at one end thereof, and at least one of the outer housing and the product dispensing member, at another end thereof. The seal member is capable of maintaining fixed association throughout displacement of the displaceable piston, such that isolation of outer housing and the product dispensing member can be maintained without the use of seals having slidable engagement.

Abstract: A filler valve assembly that includes a first housing member with an elongated hollow filler tube secured thereto, the filler tube having an outlet through which liquid exits when filling containers. A second housing member having secured thereto an elongated piston with an enlarged end portion is provided so that the elongated piston is disposed interior of the filler tube. The piston is axially moveable with respect to the filler tube to move the enlarged portion of the piston from a first, closed position to a second, open position. When in the closed position, a substantially liquid-tight seal is formed between the outlet of the filler tube and the enlarged portion of the piston, both the outlet and the enlarged portion being formed of a metal so that the seal is formed solely by metal-to-metal contact.

Abstract: In a machine (1) for filling containers with a liquid substance, a rotating head (2) is carried rotatingly by a stationary structure (3) and a liquid substance delivering chamber (4) is made inside the rotating head (2). A plurality of distributors (6) are arranged along the edge of the rotating head (2) for delivering the liquid substance to filling nozzles (7) associated with the rotating head (2). A basin (30) is associated to the stationary structure (3) for collecting a sterilizing liquid introduced into the distributors (6) and flowing in the nozzles (7) for sterilizing, by washing, the distributors (6) and the nozzles (7). The basin (30) is closed by a cover (32), fastened to the rotating head (2). A plurality of vertical tubes (34) pass tightly through the cover (32) and extend inside the basin (30), so as to be connected to the nozzles (7) and to the distributors (6) by flexible pipes (25A, 25B).

Abstract: A telescoping filling head comprising a driving portion, a nozzle block portion and a two-stage telescoping nozzle, the innermost portion of the nozzle having positionable apertures. A telescoping filling head can be retrofitted on an existing filling device, or can be incorporated in a newly manufactured filling device. The telescoping action permits a longer nozzle to be used in any given space, because the two portions which extend to create a relatively long filling nozzle retract within a relatively short outer nozzle. The longer nozzle increases the rate at which foaming liquids can be introduced into a container. The positionable apertures can also direct the flow of the liquid at the shoulders of the bottle, further increasing the rate at which foaming liquids can be introduced into a container.

Abstract: A packaging processing (liquid filling) apparatus, including a rising-and-lowering assembly attached to a pivot member and moved vertically and filling nozzles attached to the rising-and-lowering assembly. An endless chain having grippers at equal intervals is rotated continuously by a sprocket. A circular first raising-and-lowering cam that rotates with the sprocket is attached to the sprocket, and a circular-arc-shaped second raising-and-lowering cam is provided near the first raising-and-lowering cam; and a cam roller attached to the rising-and-lowering assembly is caused to roll on these cams. When the pivot member makes a forward motion to follow the bags held by grippers, the cam roller rolls over the second raising-and-lowering cam, and the rising-and-lowering assembly is lowered and then raised; when the pivot member makes a return motion, the cam roller rolls over the first raising-and-lowering cam, and the rising-and-lowering assembly is maintained in a raised position.

Abstract: According to a method for filling containers (2) with a metered quantity of products (10), the products is supplied to a reservoir (3), inside which there is a metering receptacle (7). In its upper part, the metering receptacle (7) is open and its lower part features a discharge pipe (8), which communicates with a container (2) to be filled. A moving element (13) moves between a filling position in which it causes the raising of level of the products (10) over the opening (7a) of the metering receptacle (7), so that the latter is filled with the products and a non-filling position, in which the level of the products (10) is lowered below the opening (7a) of the metering receptacle (7). Thus a metered quantity (11) of products is collected inside the metering receptacle (7) The metered quantity (11) of products is delivered to the container (2) through the discharge pipe (8), by opening of valve means (9).

Abstract: A continuous machine for filling the bottom shells of capsules with at least one product has a conveyor for feeding the bottom shells along a given path; and at least one metering wheel having a number of metering devices, each for supplying a relative bottom shell with a given quantity of product withdrawn from a container, which is mounted eccentrically with respect to the metering wheel and is supplied by means of at least one conduit extending downwards inside a space enclosing the container and the metering wheel.

Abstract: A device for transporting fluids, such as viscous adhesives and sealants. The device includes a cylinder which may be filled by a supply line and a movable piston within the cylinder for ejecting the fluid into a discharge line. The piston includes an axial fluid channel and can be moved by way of a piston rod which also includes an axial fluid channel. An inlet valve is positioned between the supply line and the cylinder and may be moved between open and closed positions for releasing or interrupting the supply the fluid from the supply line into the interior of the cylinder. The piston rod includes threading and this threading is engaged with corresponding threading on a rotatable and drivable drive element so that the piston may be moved by rotating the drive element within the cylinder.

Abstract: On a continuous machine for filling the bottom shells of capsules with a powdered product, the bottom shells are conveyed so as to be equally spaced along a given path with a first spacing; the machine having a number of metering wheels rotating about respective parallel axes, and each having a respective number of metering devices moving with the relative metering wheel along a relative portion of the path, each in time with a relative bottom shell; and the metering devices being equally spaced about the relative axis with a second spacing substantially equal to the product of the number of metering wheels and the first spacing.

Abstract: A continuous machine for filling the bottom shells of capsules with at least one product has a conveyor for feeding the bottom shells along a given path; and at least one metering wheel having a number of metering devices, each for supplying a relative bottom shell with a given quantity of product withdrawn from a container, which is mounted eccentrically with respect to the metering wheel and is supplied by means of at least one conduit extending downwards inside a space enclosing the container and the metering wheel.

Abstract: An apparatus for metering and dispensing powder into hard gelatin capsules or the like. The apparatus has a metering disk that rotates in advancing steps, with bores disposed in its base. The bores which cooperate with tamping plungers that move up and down. The tamping plungers are disposed on a common tamping plunger support and when inserted into the bores, compress the powder into compressed pellets. In order to detect breakage of the springs and in order to be able to make a statement as to the mass of the compressed pellets, means are provided which detect the spring path of the tamping plungers immediately preceding the ejection plungers.