Abstract: Samarium cobalt magnetic materials for permanent magnets comprising, by atomic ratio relative to the samarium content, samarium of 1, cobalt of 4.0-5.2 and at least one addition selected from silicon up to 5.8 wt.% or 0.82 by atomic ratio to the samarium, germanium up to 8.5 wt.% or 0.57 by atomic ratio to the samarium and aluminum up to 4.75 wt.% or 0.82 by atomic ratio to the samarium, and having increased intrinsic coercive force and decreased irreversible magnetic induction loss with temperature. In the case wherein the total amount of the aforesaid addition or additions is limited, by atomic ratio to the samarium, to up to 0.25, the samarium cobalt magnetic materials may provide sintered permanent magnets having a reduced irreversible magnetic induction loss with temperature, without decreased residual magnetic flux density. When the total amount of the aforesaid addition is restricted, by atomic ratio to samarium, to up to 0.

Abstract: A method of making an integral toroidal magnet comprising the steps of compacting suitable magnetic powder material into a toroidal shape while subjecting it to a particle aligning magnetic field, hot pressing the compacted powder toroid in a confining die at a temperature and pressure sufficient to cause shrinkage of the toroid in the axial direction and provide a packing density greater than 93% of the theoretical maximum value and substantially unidimensional shrinkage, heat treating the toroid at a temperature sufficiently higher than the hot pressing temperature to achieve an enhanced crystallographic alignment equivalent to the alignment obtained by sintering, annealing the toroid at a temperature sufficiently lower than the heat treating temperature to provide a magnetic coercivity similar to the coercivity achieved by annealing after sintering, and magnetizing the heat treated toroid in the direction of crystallographic alignment.

Abstract: The invention covers the use of reactive hydrogen-containing atmospheres in the sintering and heat-aging of cobalt-rare earth intermetallic products.

Abstract: An organic binder or lubricant in a pressed or compacted green body formed of cobalt-rare earth intermetallic particles is substantially removed from the green body before the carbon can react with the rare earth during sintering. This is accomplished by exposing the green body to a temperature of about 100.degree. to 300.degree.C in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere. The hydrogen reacts with the organic binder or lubricant which allows the resulting organic molecules to volatilize from the green body. The green body is then sintered after which it is cooled to room temperature.

Abstract: Long term protection against oxidation is provided to fine particles of oxidizable metals and metallic alloys by treating the essentially oxide-free particles with a solution of certain organic materials in a nonreactive organic solvent. These organic materials are ureas, thioureas, isocyanates or isothiocyanates with at least one organic substituent each containing at least two carbons. Particles of both hard and soft magnetic metals and alloys have been protected by this treatment.

Abstract: A method of producing a magnetic material having a high magnetic anisotropy constant. A vapor phase of the components of the material is established and the vaporized components are passed into contact with a substrate maintained at a temperature such that the material will solidify and deposit thereon in the form of crystals with basal planes parallel to the plane of the substrate. The vapor deposited material is separated from the substrate and subjected to a magnetic field thereby to orient the crystals whereby a permanent magnet material is produced. Apparatus for producing the material includes means for vaporizing the components of the material. A substrate in the form of an endless belt is positioned relative to the vaporizing means so as to be exposed to the vapors and moves around rollers. Means are provided for controlling the temperature of the substrate within a preselected temperature range in a first zone so that the material solidifies as a deposit on the substrate.

Abstract: Carbonyl iron powder core (dust core) materials whose rate of change of magnetic permeability with temperature are preselected, are produced by a process which includes the mixing together of powders from two source batches. These source batches produce core materials whose temperature coefficients, Y and Z, lie on either side of the desired temperature coefficient, X. The fraction, A, of the Y powder is selected in accordance with the formula:A = 0.7 [(X-Y)/(Z-Y)] + 0.15; 0.15 .ltoreq. A .ltoreq. 0.85.exemplary core materials incorporate a phosphate insulator and a phenolic binder.

Abstract: Rare earth cobalt magnet materials, which comprised of cobalt, manganese, copper and 12 to 13 mole % of cerium and/or samarium are provided. These magnetic materials have improved magnetic characteristics, especially very high values of the maximum energy product.

Abstract: Bulk hardened magnetic materials with compositions expressed by a general formula Sm.sub.u Ce.sub.1.sub.-u (Co.sub.1.sub.-x.sub.-y Fe.sub.x Cu.sub.y).sub.z are provided. Compositions in the limited range of 0.3.ltoreq.u.ltoreq.1.0, 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.1, 0.09.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.18, 6.0.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.7.5 lead to magnetic materials with unexpectedly large maximum energy product and with a newly found two phase structure. Magnetic materials with maximum energy product of over 13 MG.sup.. Oe (megagauss) oersted), residual induction over 7000 G and intrinsic coercive force over 3000 Oe are obtained by subjecting the compositions to a sintering process.

Abstract: A method of producing a permanent magnet composite with substantially predetermined magnetic properties and geometry. A number of premagnetized modules of substantially the same size and having substantially the same properties are joined in contact together to produce the permanent magnet composite. Each premagnetized module is characterized by an intrinsic coercive force H.sub.ci significantly higher than its ordinary coercive force H.sub.c, and is magnetized along its easy axis of magnetization.