Abstract: A steel armor plate and method of manufacturing is described. The armor plate has three curves, a first curve about an axis that parallels the length of the armor plate, and two additional curves about axes that parallel the width of the armor plate. A die for manufacturing said plate is described, the die being formed of a stack of metal plates, each plate having a curve that substantially matches the first curve, the stack of plates being arranged in a step-down-then-step-up fashion to form a concavity that approximates one of the two additional curves.

Abstract: Disclosed is a chain element (2), in particular for a power transmission chain of a chain drive, made of a carbon-containing material, especially steel, characterized by a core layer (5) that has a ferritic matrix structure including at least one hard phase that is distributed therein, and a hardened peripheral layer (6) that has a martensitic structure.

Abstract: A method of low pressure carburizing (LPC) of elements made of iron alloys and of other metals in a device for continuous, in-line thermochemical surface treatment, with a constant time-step, with saturation at a temperature from 820° C. to 1200° C. in gaseous atmosphere, wherein into the vacuum chamber of the device a gaseous carbon carrier is introduced using impulses in a constant flow-time sequence, synchronized with the working time-step of the device.

Abstract: A ring gear that, together with a sun gear and a pinion gear that is disposed radially outward of the sun gear and meshes with the sun gear, forms a planetary gear unit, the ring gear includes: a body, internal teeth that are configured to mesh with the pinion gear and that are formed in at least a part of an inner peripheral surface of the body, and external teeth that have a lower hardness than the internal teeth and that are formed in at least a part of an outer peripheral surface of the body, wherein a surface nitrogen concentration in the internal teeth is higher than that in at least tooth surfaces of the external teeth.

Abstract: A bicycle chain is used to transmit the drive force to at least one chain wheel and contains chain rollers and inner and outer plates which are connected to each other by means of pins. As a result of a corresponding shaping of the extremely hard inner plate, the wear on the teeth which cooperate with the inner plate can be reduced on the chain wheels or sprockets.

Abstract: A swivel nut assembly is configured to adaptively secure a first component to a second component. The swivel nut assembly includes a socket nut including a first portion having a first internal threading, and a second portion defining a swivel chamber. A swivel connector includes a ball having a first external threading. The swivel connector is moved into the swivel chamber via the first external threading threadably engaging the first internal threading to move the ball into the swivel chamber. The ball is rotationally captured within the swivel chamber after the ball is moved into the swivel chamber.

Abstract: A dishwasher includes a plastic frame that is fixed to a treatment container. The front of the treatment container has a filling opening which can be closed by a door. The treatment container has a container casing, which comprises side walls, a container roof, and the frame. The frame forms a front face of the treatment container and is connected to the container casing in an interlocking manner.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a composite steel part including manufacturing a first steel part by preparing an intermediate product in which an extra portion is added, and heating the intermediate product to an austenitizing temperature in a carburizing atmosphere to form a carburized layer, cooling the intermediate product at a rate less than a cooling rate at which martensitic transformation is caused and in which the intermediate product is cooled to a temperature equal to or less than a temperature at which structure transformation due to the cooling is completed, heating the intermediate product to an austenitizing range by high-density energy and thereafter cooled at a rate equal to or more than the cooling rate at which martensitic transformation is caused to form a carburized quenched portion, cutting the extra portion of the intermediate product, and welding the first steel part and the second steel part to each other.

Abstract: A carburized component with improved fatigue strength has a base steel containing, by mass %, C: 0.15-0.25%, Si: 0.03-0.50%, Mn: more than 0.60% and not more than 1.5%, P?0.015%, S: 0.006-0.030%, Cr: 0.05-2.0%, Al?0.10%, N?0.03%, and O?0.0020%, and optionally at least one element selected from Mo, Cu, Ni, B, Ti, Nb and V, the balance being Fe and impurities. A surface hardened layer portion satisfies: (a) average carbon concentration in the region from the outermost surface to a point of 0.2 mm depth of 0.35-0.60 mass %, (b) surface roughness Rz?15 ?m, and (c) ?r(0)??800 MPa, ?r(100)??800 MPa, and residual stress intensity index Ir?80000, wherein Ir is calculated by [Ir=?|?r(y)|dy], where y ?m is the depth from the outermost surface and ?r(y) is the residual stress for the points from the outermost surface to a depth of 100 ?m with the range of y from 0 to 100 (?m).

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a composite steel part including preparing an intermediate product in which an extra portion, which has a thickness equal to or more than that of a carburized layer to be formed in a subsequent carburizing step, has been added to a welding expected portion, carburizing the intermediate product by heating to an austenitizing temperature or more in a carburizing atmosphere, then cooling the intermediate product at a cooling rate less than a rate at which martensitic transformation occurs and without completing structural transformation due to the cooling, quenching a portion of the intermediate product after heating to an austenitizing range by high-density energy and thereafter cooling to cause martensitic transformation to form a carburized quenched portion, removing an extra portion of the intermediate product; and then welding a second steel part to the welding expected portion.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a gear by a skiving process, the skiving process utilizing a cutter including a rotational axis inclined to a rotational axis of a work to be processed into the gear, the skiving process feeding the cutter in a tooth trace direction of a tooth to be formed at the work in a state where the cutter rotates in synchronization with the work, the method includes a surface hardening process for hardening a work surface of the work before the skiving process is performed.

Abstract: A forged composite gear and a method of making a forged composite powder metal gear. The forged composite gear includes a plurality of teeth extending from a core, a first section having a first powder metal material, a second section having a second powder metal material and a variable boundary profile. The variable boundary profile is formed between the first section and the second section, whereby said variable boundary profile exhibits greater tooth wear resistance on the teeth and greater impact resistance in the core.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a cylinder jacket, comprising the following steps: producing a cylindrical starting product from a steel material having a carbon content of not more than 0.8% by weight and a ferritic or ferritic/pearlitic structure; enriching, by carburization, the surface layer of the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical starting product with carbon in the form of carbides that are deposited on the grain boundaries; slowly cooling the cylindrical starting product in such a manner that a pearlitic structure having a carbide network is formed in the surface layer; finishing the cylindrical starting product to give a cylinder jacket. The invention also relates to a cylinder jacket produced by said method.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a composite steel part including preparing an intermediate product in which an extra portion, which has a thickness equal to or more than that of a carburized layer to be formed in a subsequent carburizing step, has been added to a welding expected portion, carburizing the intermediate product by heating to an austenitizing temperature or more in a carburizing atmosphere, then cooling the intermediate product at a cooling rate less than a rate at which martensitic transformation occurs and without completing structural transformation due to the cooling, quenching a portion of the intermediate product after heating to an austenitizing range by high-density energy and thereafter cooling to cause martensitic transformation to form a carburized quenched portion, removing an extra portion of the intermediate product; and then welding a second steel part to the welding expected portion.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a composite steel part including manufacturing a first steel part by preparing an intermediate product in which an extra portion is added, and heating the intermediate product to an austenitizing temperature in a carburizing atmosphere to form a carburized layer, cooling the intermediate product at a rate less than a cooling rate at which martensitic transformation is caused and in which the intermediate product is cooled to a temperature equal to or less than a temperature at which structure transformation due to the cooling is completed, heating the intermediate product to an austenitizing range by high-density energy and thereafter cooled at a rate equal to or more than the cooling rate at which martensitic transformation is caused to form a carburized quenched portion, cutting the extra portion of the intermediate product, and welding the first steel part and the second steel part to each other.

Abstract: To provide a method of manufacturing a carburized part contributable to cost reduction, a portion intended for a non-carburizing portion is treated to a surface roughness corresponding to Rz 50 like a first work surface and a portion intended for a carburizing portion is treated to a surface roughness corresponding to Rz 1.5 like a second work surface.

Abstract: A carburized component with improved fatigue strength has a base steel containing, by mass %, C: 0.15-0.25%, Si: 0.03-0.50%, Mn: more than 0.60% and not more than 1.5%, P?0.015%, S: 0.006-0.030%, Cr: 0.05-2.0%, Al?0.10%, N?0.03%, and O?0.0020%, and optionally at least one element selected from Mo, Cu, Ni, B, Ti, Nb and V, the balance being Fe and impurities. A surface hardened layer portion satisfies: (a) average carbon concentration in the region from the outermost surface to a point of 0.2 mm depth of 0.35-0.60 mass %, (b) surface roughness Rz?15 ?m, and (c) ?r(0)?-800 MPa, ?r(100)?-800 MPa, and residual stress intensity index Ir?80000, wherein Ir is calculated by [Ir=?|?r(y)|dy], where y ?m is the depth from the outermost surface and ?r(y) is the residual stress for the points from the outermost surface to a depth of 100 ?m with the range of y from 0 to 100 (?m).

Abstract: A method for improving corrosion resistance in FNC cast iron substrates without the need for additional coating or painting. The exemplary methods remove a portion of the FNC coating applied to a cast iron substrate, preferably through polishing, to expose the epsilon phase portion of the compound area. The epsilon phase portion is thought to provide improved corrosion protection as compared to non-polished FNC cast iron substrates. One exemplary product that may be provided with improved corrosion protection according to the above method is a brake rotor having a FNC treatment.

Abstract: The production history information management apparatus 100 comprises: machining an identifier for identifying a pipe or tube in a region of the pipe or tube on which thread cutting is to be performed before an initial production process is performed among production processes which are management targets of the production history information; reading the identifier machined on the pipe or tube before each of the production processes is performed or while each of the production processes is performed; management for storing the production history information of the pipe or tube obtained in each of the production processes and the identifier read from the pipe or tube while the production history information and the identifier are associated with each other; and thread cutting for removing the identifier machined on the pipe or tube in the process of performing the thread cutting on the end portions of the pipe or tube among the production processes which are management targets of the production history inform

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a cylinder jacket, comprising the following steps: producing a cylindrical starting product from a steel material having a carbon content of not more than 0.8% by weight and a ferritic or ferritic/pearlitic structure; enriching, by carburization, the surface layer of the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical starting product with carbon in the form of carbides that are deposited on the grain boundaries; slowly cooling the cylindrical starting product in such a manner that a pearlitic structure having a carbide network is formed in the surface layer; finishing the cylindrical starting product to give a cylinder jacket. The invention also relates to a cylinder jacket produced by said method.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a selectively non-carburized powdered metal part. The steps include compacting, sintering, removing, forging and cooling. A metal powder is compacted to form a preform having at least one first surface in which a forged part is required to have a case depth and at least one second surface in which a carburized portion is required to be removed prior to forging. The preform is then sintered and carburized. After carburizing the at least one second surface of the preform is removed and subsequently forged and cooled. The forged part has at least one second surface having improved post forging properties and at least one first surface having improved performance features. A part made from the present method is also provided.

Abstract: A method is proposed for increasing the carbon-content dependent dynamic stability of a toothed structural part, particularly of a toothed wheel. A curve of the carbon content portion in an edge layer of the structural part is adjusted so that the carbon portion, departing form the surface in direction to a core of the structural part, at first increases and as of a certain depth of the layer continuously decreases. Part of the edge of the layer is removed in areas of the structural part whose dynamic stress capacity increases as the carbon content increases on the surface of the structural part.

Abstract: Material for a connecting rod for an internal combustion engine is carburized and quenched, a carburized layer formed on the bearing portion is ground until the portion which exhibits the maximum compressive residual stress, and a shot-peening processing is performed on the ground surface. The invention produces a bearing portion having surface characteristics in which maximum compressive residual stress is imparted, and therefore, remarkable improvement in the fatigue strength in the bearing portion can be obtained. Furthermore, a large number of concavities formed by the shot-peening processing can be efficiently employed as an oil reservoir, so that sliding properties and lubrication can be improved, and the occurrence of problems such as fretting corrosion, galling, and seize can also be solved, and the galling and problems of the seize can be prevented.

Abstract: Steel alloys susceptible to case and core hardening comprise 0.05 to 0.24 weight percent carbon; 15 to 28 weight percent cobalt and 1.5 to 9.5 weight percent in nickel, small percentages of one or more additives: chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium; and the balance iron. Blades for ice skating or other sports equipment made from such alloys provide predictable and reproducible characteristics and permit fabrication with hardened edges on a ductile, strong substrate or base.

Abstract: A pulley useable with a driving belt in a continuously variable transmission, including a moveable pulley half having an integral cylinder portion integrally formed therewith by plastic working. The moveable pulley half includes an axially extending hollow shaft portion, a radially outwardly extending flange portion having a contact surface frictionally contacted with the driving belt, and the integral cylinder portion axially extending at near an outer peripheral portion of the flange portion. The plastic working includes forming a workpiece, machining the workpiece, spinning the workpiece to form the integral cylinder portion, heat-treating the workpiece and finishing the workpiece to complete the moveable pulley half.

Abstract: A surface treating and smoothing method of surface-treating and smoothing a sliding member including steps of finishing the sliding member by pressurized particle containing fluid blasting to a sliding surface with surface roughness ranging approximately 0.02 to 0.7 &mgr;mRa after pre-finishing it to a surface with surface roughness lower than lower one of a surface roughness of a counter member and 0.2 &mgr;mRa, treating the sliding member by salt-bath nitrocarburizing so as to provide the sliding member with surface hardness higher than surface hardness of the counter member but lower than 1500 Hv, and driving the sliding member and the counter member so as to slide on each other for running-in, thereby smoothing the surfaces of the sliding member and the counter member.

Abstract: A method for improving the corrosion resistance, increasing the hardness, providing superior ductility, and reducing surface-cracking of a diffusion coating by nitriding and heating-treating the diffusion coating is disclosed. The nitriding and heat-treating may occur subsequently or simultaneously. Further, the disclosed method may be practiced subsequent to or incorporated as an intergral part of any known diffusion coating process which utilizes a heating step in a furnace having a cover gas.

Abstract: A method for shot peening a hard metal product that has a hardened surface. The method includes projecting shot on the hardened surface of the hard metal product. The ratio of the Vickers hardness of the shot to that of the hardened surface is 0.8-1.6, and the diameter of the shot is 30-250.mu..

Abstract: Method and apparatus for carburizing, quenching and tempering workpieces, by which the step of carburizing can be incorporated into a machining and manufacturing process to be performed by an on-line machining and manufacturing system as one stage thereof, and by which high-quality treatment or processing can be achieved without occurrences of variation in quality among heat-treated products. In this apparatus, a preheating chamber (2), six carburizing chambers (5a to 5f), a cooling chamber (6), a reheating chamber (7), a quenching chamber (8) are placed around an intermediate chamber (4) having a transport device (12). Further, a high-frequency induction heating technique is used for heating each of major ones of the treatment or processing chambers. Moreover, a plasma carburizing method is performed in the carburizing chambers.

Abstract: A method for producing cast iron gears includes the steps of heating a blank composed of cast iron and having a teeth forming part to such a temperature that at least the teeth forming part is at least austenitized, and hot rolling the teeth forming part of the blank by pressing projecting teeth of a rolling machine against the teeth forming part which is in a hot state and within an austenitized range, while cooling the blank, thereby generating a teeth part in the teeth forming part of the blank. Hot rolling with a low plastic deformation resistance prevents lowering of strength due to the exposure of graphite particles of cast iron and occurrence of quenching cracks and rolling cracks, and improves gear accuracy.

Abstract: A steel for gears consists essentially of 0.10-0.30 wt % of C, not more than 1.0 wt % of Si, not more than 1.0 wt % of Mn, 1.50-5.0 wt % of Cr, and balance including iron and impurity. A gear made by the steel forms a hardened surface layer by carbonizing-hardening-tempering or carbonitriding-hardening-tempering. The amount of C at the hardened surface layer is within a range 0.7 to 1.3 wt %, and the amounts of C, Si and Cr satisfies a relationship 5.5<3.times.C (wt %)+5.2.times.Si (wt %)+Cr (wt %). Therefore, the gear performs superior pitting-resistance and wear-resistance.

Abstract: A method of forging Ni-base superalloys is described which avoids the growth of abnormally large grains in the surface region of a forged article. The method involves forging and/or annealing a Ni-base superalloy in a carburizing environment. Forging and/or annealing in a carburizing environment is done to maintain the carbon concentration in the surface region at a level that is sufficient to prevent the depletion of carbides and carbonitrides. The carburizing environment may also be selected so that it is non-oxidizing with respect to aluminum, in order to prevent the depletion of aluminum and the reduction of the .gamma.' phase in the surface region.