Abstract: The present invention provides a carburized part having a total amount of TiC, AlN and ZrC, which are precipitate particles, of 4.5×10?10 mole or less per 1 mm2 of grain boundary area of prior austenite grains after carburization. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a carburized part which allows effective inhibition of abnormal grain growth in spite of a carburizing treatment and makes it possible to solve the problem of reduction in properties caused by abnormal grain growth.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a carbon steel composition for a reduced thermal strain steering rack bar and a method for manufacturing the carbon steel composition. The carbon steel composition for a steering rack bar includes: iron (Fe) as a main component, about 0.39 to 0.43 wt % of carbon (C), approximately 0.15 to 0.35 wt % of silicon (Si), approximately 0.90 to 1.10 wt % of manganese (Mn), approximately 0.02 to 0.04 wt % of niobium (Nb), and approximately 0.10 to 0.15 wt % of vanadium (V). The method for manufacturing a carbon steel composition for a steering rack bar includes: filling and drawing the carbon steel composition; broaching the filled and drawn carbon steel composition; performing nitriding heat-treatment on a surface of the broached carbon steel composition; and inspecting the nitriding heat-treated carbon steel composition.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a nitrided low-alloy steel part, includes a) decarburizing the surface of a low-alloy steel part including at least one alloying element that is both nitride-forming and carbide forming in order to obtain a decarburized part presenting a carbon-depleted surface layer of thickness less than or equal to 1.5 mm, the minimum content of carbon by weight in the carbon-depleted surface layer being less than or equal to 70% of the carbon content by weight in the core of the decarburized part; b) treating the decarburized part with quenching treatment followed by annealing treatment; and c) nitriding the carbon-depleted surface layer in order to obtain a nitrided low-alloy steel part, step c) being performed after step b).

Abstract: A carburized alloy steel includes, based on a total weight of the carburized alloy steel, 0.1 to 0.35 wt % carbon, 0.1 to 2.0 wt % silicon, 0.1 to 1.5 wt % manganese, 1.5 to 3.0 wt % chromium, 0.2 to 0.5 wt % molybdenum, greater than 0 to 0.07 wt % niobium, and a balance of iron.

Abstract: A method for heat treating a steel component, which comprises the steps of: (a) carburizing the steel component with a carbon potential above 1.0, (b) carburizing the steel component with a carbon potential above 0.6, (c) quenching the steep component, and (d) subjecting the steel component to a bainitic treatment.

Abstract: A system comprising at least one component for an application in which the at least one component is subjected to Hertzian stress or alternating Hertzian stress or altering Hertzian stress in combination with structural stress, and at least one sensor that is arranged in situ to monitor atomic hydrogen permeation through at least part of the at least one component.

Abstract: A method for method for solution hardening of a cold deformed workpiece of a passive alloy containing at least 10% chromium, which method includes dissolving at least nitrogen in the workpiece at a temperature T1, which is higher than the solubility temperature for carbide and/or nitride and lower than the melting point of the passive alloy, wherein dissolution of nitrogen at temperature T1 is performed to obtain a diffusion depth in the range of 50 ?m to 5 mm, and cooling the workpiece after the dissolution step at temperature T1 to a temperature which is lower than the temperature at which carbides and/or nitrides form in the passive alloy, wherein the cooling step takes place in an inert gas not containing nitrogen. Further, a member, such as a lock washer for securing bolts or nuts prepared using the method.

Abstract: A method for the low-pressure carbonitriding of steel parts, in particular parts used in the manufacture of automobiles, comprises a heating step that includes a simple heating phase (M) followed by an initial nitridation phase (Ni) from a temperature between 700° C. to 750° C. to a temperature between 860° and 1000° C. and carried out using a reduced temperature gradient relative to the simple heating phase. Additionally, alternate cementing (C1-Cn) and nitridation (N1-Nn) steps are performed at constant temperature, wherein the final nitridation step is accompanied with a decrease in temperature immediately before quenching (T).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a base material for a wave gear which enables the effective suppression of man-hours and manufacturing cost while providing the required strength and elastic deformation characteristics for an external gear of a wave gear. In this manufacturing method, steel having a carbon content of 0.48% or less is subjected to primary molding by being cold worked into the shape of an external gear for a wave gear. The resulting primary molded article is heated to a temperature range in which the main phase of the metallographic structure thereof forms an austenitic structure. The main phase of the metallographic structure is formed into bainite by carrying out quenching to a predetermined temperature higher than the martensitic transformation starting temperature and maintaining the temperature for a predetermined time. The product is then cooled to normal temperature.

Abstract: An outer ring, an inner ring, and a ball, each of which is a bearing part, are made of a quench-hardened steel containing not less than 0.90 mass % and not more than 1.05 mass % of carbon, not less than 0.15 mass % and not more than 0.35 mass % of silicon, not less than 0.01 mass % and not more than 0.50 mass % of manganese, and not less than 1.30 mass % and not more than 1.65 mass % of chromium with the rest consisting of an impurity. A contact surface thereof with another part has a nitrogen concentration of not less than 0.25 mass %. A remaining austenite amount in the contact surface is not less than 6 volume % and not more than 12 volume %.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a titanium alloy having superelastic properties and/or shape memory for biomedical use, which comprises the steps of: preparing an ingot by melting the various metals that form the desired alloy in a vacuum; optionally homogenizing the ingot in a vacuum by high-temperature annealing (higher than 900° C.); first quenching; mechanical shaping (rolling, drawing, machining or the like); heat treatment for redissolution in beta phase beyond the beta transus temperature (until a second temperature and then maintaining same for a certain time); and second quenching; characterized in that said heat treatment phase is carried out in a gaseous atmosphere and also constitutes a surface treatment suitable for forming on the surface a layer of nitride, carbonitride, oxide, oxynitride or the like.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a nitrocarburized crankshaft which is obtained by subjecting a bainitic microalloyed steel to a forging and a machining, and further subjecting the bainitic microalloyed steel to at least a strain releasing heat treatment and a subsequent nitrocarburizing treatment, the bainitic microalloyed steel containing, as essentially added elements, in terms of mass %: 0.10% to 0.40% of C; 0.10% to 1.0% of Si; 1.0% to 2.0% of Mn; 0.05% to 0.40% of Mo; and 0.05% to 0.40% of V, and the bainitic microalloyed steel optionally further containing, as arbitrarily added elements, in terms of mass %: 0.01% to 0.1% of S; 0.005% to 0.2% of Ti; 0.001% to 0.03% of Al; 0.50% or less of Cr; 0.5% or less of Cu; and 0.5% or less of Ni, with the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: An outer ring, an inner ring and a ball are each constituted of steel containing at least 0.60 mass % and not more than 1.50 mass % of carbon, at least 0.15 mass % and not more than 2.50 mass % of silicon, at least 0.30 mass % and not more than 1.50 mass % of manganese, and at least 0.20 mass % and not more than 2.00 mass % of chromium with the rest consisting of an impurity. A nitrogen concentration in surface layer portions is at least 0.3 mass %. An average quantity of residual austenite as a whole in each of the outer ring, the inner ring and the ball is not more than 20 volume %.

Abstract: A method for producing a case-hardened martensitic stainless steel article includes: providing an article comprised, at least in part, of a martensitic stainless steel, carburizing the article within a temperature range of 1625° F.-1680° F. (885° C.-916° C.), and then carbo-nitriding the article within a temperature range of 1575° F.-1625° F. (857° C.-885° C.). An article, such as a bearing ring, comprising such a case-hardened martensitic stainless steel is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a bellows, made of austenitic high-grade steel with high compressive strength and fatigue strength, forms a single-layer or multilayer sleeve into a bellows with hydraulic forming. The pressure resistance and fatigue strength are improved by the bellows being cleaned after the forming and by the bellows being exposed to a surrounding area containing carbon and/or nitrogen atoms at temperatures between 100° C. and 400° C., preferably 200° C. to 320° C. With this a hardening of the bellows takes place by means of the diffusing in of carbon and/or nitrogen atoms. A bellows made of austenitic high-grade steel with one or more layers created in this manner has the edge layer hardened by the incorporation of carbon and/or nitrogen atoms up to a hardening depth of at least 5% of the wall thickness.

Abstract: A method for the low-pressure carbonitriding of steel parts, in particular parts used in the manufacture of automobiles comprises a heating step that includes a simple heating phase (M) followed by an initial nitridation phase (Ni) from a temperature between 700° C. to 750° C. to a temperature between 860° and 1000° C. carried out using a reduced temperature gradient relative to the simple heating phase. The method further includes alternate cementing (C1-Cn) and nitridation (N1-Nn) steps at constant temperature, wherein the final nitridation step is accompanied with a decrease in temperature immediately before quenching (T).

Abstract: A method for producing a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant stainless steel part for a nuclear reactor is provided. This method includes steps of providing a tubular blank in austenitic stainless steel whose carbon content is equal to or lower than 0.03% by weight; shaping the blank; finishing the blank to form the cladding; hardening the outer surface of the cladding by diffusing one or more atomic species; the blank, before the providing step or during the shaping or finishing step, being subjected to at least one solution annealing with sub-steps of: heating the blank to a sufficient temperature and for a sufficient time to solubilise any precipitates present; quenching the blank at a rate allowing the austenitic structure to be maintained in a metastable state at ambient temperature and free of precipitates.

Abstract: It is devised to further enhance strength and straightening ability of a nitrocarburized raw material for crankshafts. A nitrocarburized raw material for crankshafts is formed so as to have a composition composed of C, Si, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, V, S, s-Al, Ca and N in prescribed % by mass, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities and having a structure of ferrite+pearlite; after smelting a steel having the foregoing composition, hot forging is performed; thereafter, a normalizing treatment is applied to the subject hot forged material at a treatment temperature in the range of from 780° C. to 850° C.; and straightening process for correcting bending to be caused due to the nitrocarburizing treatment is later applied.

Abstract: A steel material which contains 0.16 to 0.19% of carbon by mass, 0.15 to 0.35% of silicon by mass, 0.20 to 1.55% of manganese by mass, and 2.5 to 3.2% of chromium by mass, of which remaining part is formed of iron and incidental impurities, and which contains 0.01 to 0.2% of nickel by mass as an incidental impurity and higher than or equal to 0.001% and lower than 0.15% of molybdenum by mass as an incidental impurity, and which has a hardenability index of higher than or equal to 5.4 is subjected to a carbonitriding step, a process annealing step, a quenching step, a tempering step and a finishing step. Thus, there is obtained a rolling sliding member made of the steel material, and having satisfactory corrosion resistance and crack resistance and having a sufficiently long useful life even under an environment where rust is easily formed.

Abstract: Provided is a gas nitrocarburizing method forming a nitride layer in a surface layer portion of a workpiece made of steel by heating the workpiece within a heat treatment furnace into which a heat treatment gas is introduced, the heat treatment gas containing ammonia gas and at least one of carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen gas, and having a remainder formed of an impurity.

Abstract: Method for heat treating a steel component (28, 36) to provide the steel component (28, 36) with a surface having improved wear resistance. The method comprises the steps of carbonitriding the steel component (28, 36) at a temperature of 930-970° C., cooling the steel component (28, 36), re-heating the steel component (28, 36) to a temperature of 780-820° C. and either quenching the steel component (28, 36) to form martensite and tempering, or quenching the steel component (28, 36) to form bainite and tempering.

Abstract: Ferritic nitrocarburized surface treatment of cast iron brake rotors providing oxidation resistance, good braking performance and absence of distortion. Machined brake rotors are pre-heated, then immersed into a high temperature molten nitrocarburizing salt bath for a first predetermined dwell time. After removing the brake rotors from the nitrocarburizing salt bath, the brake rotors are directly immersed into an oxidizing salt bath at a lower temperature than the nitrocarburizing salt bath so that the brake rotors are thermally quenched. After a predetermined second dwell time in the oxidizing salt bath, the brake rotors are removed therefrom and further cooled to room temperature, either by water application thermal quenching or slow cooling in air. A fixture provides stable holding the brake rotors with a minimum of contact during placement in the salt baths.

Abstract: A braiding machine is provided comprising a support member, a series of drivers carried by the support member arranged in a circle around a braiding point, a mechanism to rotate adjacent of the drivers in opposite directions, a series of strand supply carrier spindles, and a plurality of cars for mounting of an associated spindle to be driven by the drivers for travel in serpentine intersecting paths in opposite directions around the braiding point. Each of the plurality of cars comprises a unitary central post, a mounting base, and a foot. The post extends from a bottom plane surface of the foot through the foot and the mounting base. The foot and the mounting base are spaced from one another and both provide support to the post.

Abstract: A steel for surface hardening for machine structural use which is characterized by containing, in terms of mass %, 0.30-0.60% C, 0.02-2.0% Si, 0.35-1.5% Mn, 0.001-0.5% Al, 0.05-2.0% Cr, 0.001-1.0% Sn, 0.0001-0.021% S, 0.0030-0.0055% N, 0.01-2.0% Ni, 0.01-2.0% Cu, up to 0.030% P, and up to 0.005% O, with the remainder comprising Fe and incidental impurities, the contents of Sn, Cu, Ni, Mn, and S satisfying relationships (1) and (2). ?0.19?0.12×Sn+Cu?0.1×Ni?0.

Abstract: In the steel for a surface layer hardening which is treated with carburizing in a temperature range of 800° C. to 900° C., chemical composition thereof contains, by mass %, C: 0.10% to 0.60%, Si: 0.01% to 2.50%, Mn: 0.20% to 2.00%, S: 0.0001% to 0.10%, Cr: 2.00% to 5.00%, Al: 0.001% to 0.50%, N: 0.0020% to 0.020%, P: 0.001% to 0.050%, and O: 0.0001% to 0.0030%; the remaining portion thereof includes Fe and unavoidable impurities; and the total amount of Cr, Si, and Mn satisfies, by mass %, 2.0?Cr+Si+Mn?8.0.

Abstract: A steel for a carburizing and a carburized steel component having a steel portion and a carburized layer with a thickness of more than 0.4 mm to less than 2 mm which is formed on an outside of the steel portion. A chemical composition of the steel for the carburizing and the steel portion of the carburized steel component satisfies simultaneously equations of a hardness parameter, a hardenability parameter, and a TiC precipitation parameter.

Abstract: A steel for a carburizing and a carburized steel component having a steel portion and a carburized layer with a thickness of more than 0.4 mm to less than 2 mm which is formed on an outside of the steel portion. A chemical composition of the steel for the carburizing and the steel portion of the carburized steel component satisfies simultaneously equations of a hardness parameter, a hardenability parameter, and an AlN precipitation parameter.

Abstract: A bearing part comprising steel subjected to carbonitriding at a carbonitriding temperature exceeding the A1 transformation temperature, and cooled to a temperature lower than the A1 transformation temperature. The steel is reheated to a temperature for quenching that is not lower than the A1 transformation temperature but lower than the carbonitriding temperature, and then quenched.

Abstract: A method for producing pins for a control chain, which has link plates that are connected to each other by the pins. The pin ends are arranged in receiving bores arranged inside the link plates. The pin is made of steel of the type 100Cr6 or 32MnCrMo6-4-3, subjected to a carbonitriding method and has a wear zone between the 1/30 and the 1/60 part of the diameter thereof after abrasive removal on the carbonitrited pin surface.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a base material for a wave gear which enables the effective suppression of man-hours and manufacturing cost while providing the required strength and elastic deformation characteristics for an external gear of a wave gear. In this manufacturing method, steel having a carbon content of 0.48% or less is subjected to primary molding by being cold worked into the shape of an external gear for a wave gear. The resulting primary molded article is heated to a temperature range in which the main phase of the metallographic structure thereof forms an austenitic structure. The main phase of the metallographic structure is formed into bainite by carrying out quenching to a predetermined temperature higher than the martensitic transformation starting temperature and maintaining the temperature for a predetermined time. The product is then cooled to normal temperature.

Abstract: Ferritic nitrocarburized surface treatment of cast iron brake rotors providing oxidation resistance, good braking performance and absence of distortion. Machined brake rotors are pre-heated, then immersed into a high temperature molten nitrocarburizing salt bath for a first predetermined dwell time. After removing the brake rotors from the nitrocarburizing salt bath, the brake rotors are directly immersed into an oxidizing salt bath at a lower temperature than the nitrocarburizing salt bath so that the brake rotors are thermally quenched. After a predetermined second dwell time in the oxidizing salt bath, the brake rotors are removed therefrom and further cooled to room temperature, either by water application thermal quenching or slow cooling in air. A fixture provides stable holding the brake rotors with a minimum of contact during placement in the salt baths.

Abstract: A surface treatment method for a steel material includes carbonitriding, quenching, and tempering. The steel material consists of, by weight %, 0.27 to 0.48% of C, 0.01 to 2.2% of Si, 0.30 to 1.0% of Mn, not more than 0.035% of P, not more than 0.035% of 8, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The carbonitriding step is performed by heating the steel at a temperature of not less than the A3 point and not more than 1100° C. and bringing the steel into contact with a mixed gas atmosphere so as to concentrate nitrogen and carbon at a surface layer of the steel. The quenching step is performed by cooling the steel to room temperature at a rate of not less than 20° C./second. The tempering step is performed by heating the steel at a temperature of 100 to 400° C.

Abstract: A method of shot peening in which with respect to a carburized and quenched metal part, only its surface abnormal layer detrimental to the fatigue strength thereof is scraped without scraping of the martensitic structure underlying the surface abnormal layer, namely, in which the fatigue strength can be rendered stable and enhanced without surface cracking. As bombardment shot, use is made of a shot with hardness higher than that (first hardness) of the surface abnormal layer occurring at a surface layer portion of metal part prior to shot peening but lower than that (second hardness) of the martensitic structure.

Abstract: A method for producing a carbonitrided member comprising the steps of carburizing a steel part having a composition of, by mass percent, C: 0.10 to 0.35%, Si: 0.15 to 1.0%, Mn: 0.30 to 1.0%, Cr: 0.40 to 2.0%, S: 0.05% or less with the balance being Fe and impurities in a carburizing atmosphere of 900 to 950° C. The carburized steel part is carbonitrided in a carbonitriding atmosphere with the temperature of 800 to 900° C. and the nitrogen potential of 0.2 to 0.6%. The carbonitrided steel part is qhenched and then shot peened. The shot peening treatment may be further performed while heating to a temperature not higher than 350° C. or immediately after heating to a temperature not higher than 350° C. After quenching, the shot peening treatment may be further performed after tempering in the temperature range exceeding 250° C. and not higher than 350° C.

Abstract: A process by which a nickel-based superalloy substrate prone to deleterious reactions with an aluminum-rich coating can be stabilized by carburization. The process generally entails processing the surface of the substrate to be substantially free of oxides, heating the substrate in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to a carburization temperature, and then contacting the surface of the substrate with a carburization gas mixture comprising a diluted low activity hydrocarbon gas while maintaining the substrate at the carburization temperature. While at the carburization temperature and contacted by the carburization gas, carbon atoms in the carburization gas dissociate therefrom, transfer onto the surface of the substrate, diffuse into the substrate, and react with refractory metals within the substrate to form refractory metal carbides within a carburized region beneath the surface of the substrate. The substrate is then cooled in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to terminate carbide formation.

Abstract: In the steel for a surface layer hardening which is treated with carburizing in a temperature range of 800° C. to 900° C., chemical composition thereof contains, by mass %, C: 0.10% to 0.60%, Si: 0.01% to 2.50%, Mn: 0.20% to 2.00%, S: 0.0001% to 0.10%, Cr: 2.00% to 5.00%, Al: 0.001% to 0.50%, N: 0.0020% to 0.020%, P: 0.001% to 0.050%, and O: 0.0001% to 0.0030%; the remaining portion thereof includes Fe and unavoidable impurities; and the total amount of Cr, Si, and Mn satisfies, by mass %, 2.0?Cr+Si+Mn?8.0.

Abstract: There is provided a bearing constituent member capable of achieving a long life of a rolling bearing and securing sufficient static loading capacity and dimensional stability and a production process thereof as well as a rolling bearing having a long life and exhibiting sufficient static loading capacity and dimensional stability. A workpiece obtained from a steel containing 3.2 to 5.0% by mass of Cr and 0.05% by mass or more to less than 0.5% by mass of V is subjected to a heat treatment such as a carbonitriding treatment. Thereby, the following are achieved: the content of C in the surface layer ranging from the surface of the bearing constituent member of the rolling bearing to 10 ?m is 1.1 to 1.6% by mass, Vickers hardness at the position of a depth of 50 ?m from the surface is 740 to 900 (Rockwell C hardness is 62 to 67), the ? amount at the position of a depth of 10 ?m from the surface is 20 to 55% by volume, particles composed of vanadium nitride having a particle diameter of 0.

Abstract: A steel characterized in that its composition is percentages by weight: C=0.18-0.30% Co=1.5-4% Cr=2-5% Al=1-2% Mo+W/2=1-4% V=traces-0.3% Nb=traces-0.1% B=traces-30 ppm Ni=11-16% where Ni?7+3.5 Al Si=traces-1.0% Mn=traces-4.0% Ca=traces-20 ppm Rare earths=traces-100 ppm if N?10 ppm, Ti+Zr/2=traces-100 ppm where Ti+Zr/2?10 N if 10 ppm<N?20 ppm, Ti+Zr/2=traces-150 ppm O=traces-50 ppm N=traces-20 ppm S=traces-20 ppm Cu=traces-1% P=traces-200 ppm the remainder being iron and inevitable impurities resulting from the smelting. A process for manufacturing a part from this steel, and part thus obtained.

Abstract: It is devised to further enhance strength and straightening ability of a nitrocarburized raw material for crankshafts. A nitrocarburized raw material for crankshafts is formed so as to have a composition composed of C, Si, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, V, S, s-Al, Ca and N in prescribed % by mass, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities and having a structure of ferrite+pearlite; after smelting a steel having the foregoing composition, hot forging is performed; thereafter, a normalizing treatment is applied to the subject hot forged material at a treatment temperature in the range of from 780° C. to 850° C.; and straightening process for correcting bending to be caused due to the nitrocarburizing treatment is later applied.

Abstract: The production history information management apparatus 100 comprises: machining an identifier for identifying a pipe or tube in a region of the pipe or tube on which thread cutting is to be performed before an initial production process is performed among production processes which are management targets of the production history information; reading the identifier machined on the pipe or tube before each of the production processes is performed or while each of the production processes is performed; management for storing the production history information of the pipe or tube obtained in each of the production processes and the identifier read from the pipe or tube while the production history information and the identifier are associated with each other; and thread cutting for removing the identifier machined on the pipe or tube in the process of performing the thread cutting on the end portions of the pipe or tube among the production processes which are management targets of the production history inform

Abstract: A rolling part formed by performing spheroidizing annealing, processing, carbonitriding and finishing on a steel material containing C in an amount of 0.90 mass % to 1.10 mass %, Si in an amount of more than 0.35% and up to 0.70%, Mn in an amount of less than 0.80 mass %, Cr in an amount of 1.85 mass % to 2.50 mass %, O in an amount of 12 ppm or less, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities. The mean C amount on a surface is from 1.20 mass % to 1.50 mass %, and the mean N amount is from 0.10 mass % to 0.60 mass %. Deposits having a particle size of 0.1 ?m or more on the surface have a mean particle size of 0.6 ?m or less, exist as 700,000 particles or more per mm2, and have an area ratio of 10% or more. The amount of retained austenite of the surface is from 25% to 45% by volume ratio. The hardness of the surface is Hv 750 or more. The inside of the rolling part has an amount of retained austenite of 20% or less by volume ratio.

Abstract: High toughness, high strength alloys are thermochemically processed by performing concurrent bulk alloy heat treatment and surface engineering processing. The concurrent steps can include high temperature solutionizing together with carburizing and tempering together with nitriding.

Abstract: A process by which a nickel-based superalloy substrate prone to deleterious reactions with an aluminum-rich coating can be stabilized by carburization. The process generally entails processing the surface of the substrate to be substantially free of oxides, heating the substrate in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to a carburization temperature, and then contacting the surface of the substrate with a carburization gas mixture comprising a diluted low activity hydrocarbon gas while maintaining the substrate at the carburization temperature. While at the carburization temperature and contacted by the carburization gas, carbon atoms in the carburization gas dissociate therefrom, transfer onto the surface of the substrate, diffuse into the substrate, and react with refractory metals within the substrate to form refractory metal carbides within a carburized region beneath the surface of the substrate. The substrate is then cooled in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to terminate carbide formation.

Abstract: A car wash dolly of the type used in connection with multi-tier car wash conveyors comprises, in mirror image arrangement, first and second pairs of stainless steel journals having external bearing surfaces and polymeric rollers mounted for rotation on said bearing surfaces wherein the journals are nitro carburized and mechanically polished prior to assembly.

Abstract: Steel, characterised in that the composition thereof is, in percentages by weight: C=0.20-0.30% Co=trace levels-1% Cr=2-5% Al=1-2% Mo+W/2=1-4% V=trace levels-0.3% Nb=trace levels-0.1% B=trace levels-30 ppm Ni=11-16% with Ni?7+3.5 Al Si=trace levels-1.0% Mn=trace levels-2.0% Ca=trace levels-20 ppm rare earths=trace levels-100 ppm if N?10 ppm, Ti+Zr/2=trace levels-100 ppm with Ti+Zr/2?10 N if 10 ppm<N?20 ppm, Ti+Zr/2=trace levels-150 ppm O=trace levels-50 ppm N=trace levels-20 ppm S=trace levels-20 ppm Cu=trace levels-1% P=trace levels-200 ppm the remainder being iron and inevitable impurities resulting from the production operation. Method of producing a component from this steel and a component obtained in this manner.

Abstract: There is provided a rolling bearing which has long life against rolling fatigue and exhibits no decrease in fracture strength and no increase in rate of dimensional change over time, even if the part size thereof is large, and which can obtain higher strength by crystal grains being further refined, if it has a size equal to or smaller than a prescribed size. The rolling bearing according to the present invention includes a race and a rolling element. At least one member of the race and the rolling element has a nitrogen-enriched layer in its surface layer, and a surface layer portion contains austenite crystal grains having a grain size number of at least 11. The member has hardenability allowing a position exhibiting HRC50 in a hardenability test method for steel to be apart from a quenched end by a distance of at least 12.7 mm ( 8/16 inch).

Abstract: A ferrous metal tool is provided for the forming of light metal sheet workpieces at elevated temperatures, with the forming surface of the tool prepared to minimize friction and adhesion when engaged in deformation of the hot sheet metal. The forming surface of a steel tool is nitrocarburized to form a compound layer and diffusion layer on the surface. The compound layer initially comprises an outer gamma-phase material and an underlying epsilon phase material. Gamma-phase material is removed to expose underlying epsilon phase material, and low friction particles are embedded in the modified nitrocarburized compound layer of the forming tool.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a raceway member, in which a hardness of a region to be plastically deformed is controllable in a stable manner and a sufficient rolling contact fatigue life is ensured by making a hardness of a region including a raceway surface sufficiently high, while suppressing increase in the manufacturing cost, includes a steel member preparation step, a heat treatment step, and a finishing step. The heat treatment step includes: a carbonitriding step, in which the steel member is heated to a carbonitriding temperature, which is a temperature not lower than A1 point, and carbonitrided; a temperature holding step, in which the steel member is cooled from the carbonitriding temperature to a temperature range between not lower than a temperature 100° C.

Abstract: A ferrous metal tool is provided for the forming of light metal sheet workpieces at elevated temperatures, with the forming surface of the tool prepared to minimize friction and adhesion when engaged in deformation of the hot sheet metal. The forming surface of a steel tool is nitrocarburized to form a compound layer and diffusion layer on the surface. The compound layer initially comprises an outer gamma-phase material and an underlying epsilon phase material. Gamma-phase material is removed to expose underlying epsilon phase material, and low friction particles are embedded in the modified nitrocarburized compound layer of the forming tool.

Abstract: A process for the low-wear micromachining of workpieces made from metal or metal alloys, in particular steel, in which a workpiece (1) is micromachined using at least one machining apparatus (5) that has a diamond tool (6), in particular an ultraprecision turning, milling or grinding machine, and prior to the micromachining the workpiece (1), in a first step, is subjected to a thermochemical surface zone treatment, and that in a second step the thermochemically treated surface zone (2) of the workpiece (1) is machined using the machining apparatus (5).