Abstract: Cooling water containing an .alpha.-amino acid suitable for cooling steel strips during their continuous annealing and after their overageing treatment. As the .alpha.-amino acid, aliphatic amino acids, aromatic amino acids, heterocyclic amino acids and their hydrochlorides and acetates are used.

Abstract: The present invention provides an annealing separator comprising from 0.05 to 2.0 parts by weight of antimony sulfate based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium oxide, and at least one chloride selected from the group consisting of Sb, Sr, Ti, and Zr chlorides in a chlorine amount of from 5 to 20% by weight based on 100% of the chloride and antimony sulfate, and occasionally comprises Ti oxide in an amount of from 0.5 to 10 parts.The annealing separator is applied on the decarburization annealed strip, and improves both the magnetic properties and properties of glass film, in the production of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.

Abstract: A process for quenching metals, particularly steel, using as the quenching bath an aqueous composition containing (a) a substituted oxazoline polymer and (b) an N-vinyl heterocyclic polymer or copolymer in which the heterocyclic group is composed of carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen. The quenching bath provides reduced cooling rates through the martensite temperature ranges.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a slurry for use in coating silicon steel prior to high temperature annealing, comprising magnesium oxide, water and at least one inorganic compound selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, barium nitrate, chromium nitrate, and their hydrates.The instant invention is also directed to a process for coating silicon steel, comprising coating the steel with a magnesium oxide slurry prior to high temperature annealing, the improvement wherein at least one inorganic compound selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, barium nitrate, chromium nitrate, and their hydrates is pre-mixed in said slurry, thereby minimizing the formation of "tight magnesia" on the steel.

Abstract: It is known to regenerate salt baths for nitriding parts of iron and steel with polymers of organic materials, which polymers, however, could not be used in carburizing salt baths since with them there only are formed slight amounts of carburizing active cyanide, the baths foam, and carbon residues are formed. An excellent regeneration agent for carburizing salt baths is obtained by using polymeric organic compounds of the overall composition [C.sub.6 H.sub.x N.sub.y ].sub.z where x is 3 to 5, y is 5 to 8, and z is 10 to 10,000. These compounds are obtained by reacting formaldehyde with cyanamide and/or dicyandiamide and/or melamine and pyrolytically decomposing the reaction product at 300.degree. to 600.degree. C.

Abstract: Low cyanide nitriding salt baths which are composed of alkali cyanate and alkali carbonate and used for treating components made of steel and iron produce coatings on the surface of the component in some cases and can lead to problems in the use of the components. A satisfactory surface quality can be obtained from nitriding salt baths which additionally contain 0.5 to 100 ppm of selenium.

Abstract: Metal, such as steel, is quenched in a quenching bath comprising an aqueous solution of a substituted oxazoline polymer, one example of which is polyethyloxazoline having a molecular weight of 50,000 to 500,000. The bath is capable of providing quenching effects similar to those produced by oil quenchants, as well as quenching times between those provided by oil and water.

Abstract: A method of quenching metals is described, comprising immersing said metals in a quenching oil composition comprising: (a) a base oil, and (b) a compound represented by the general formula (1) or (2) as described below. ##STR1## (wherein all the symbols are the same as defined in the claims). The use of the quenching oil composition results in the formation of a black coating layer on the metal, producing those metallic articles having improved characteristics, such as good lubricity and rust preventive properties.

Abstract: A non-cyanide salt composition for use in a fused-salt metal heat treatment bath for carburizing steel contains, as its cations, on the basis of total moles of cations 23 mole % potassium, 41/2% lithium, and the balance substantially sodium, and contains, as its anions, on the basis of total moles of anions 19 mole % chloride and the balance substantially carbonate (precursors of any of these ions counting as the ion). The liquidus temperature of the overall composition is not more than 750.degree. C. The composition further contains 1 to 40 weight % silicon carbide based on the total weight of the anions and cations. A steel component is typically treated with the salt composition at 920.degree. C. for 4 hours.

Abstract: Bath for the quenching of ferrous and nonferrous metals and their alloys, comprising a hydrogenated starch hydrolysate having, expressed with respect to the dry matter, a percentage of products of degree of polymerization 1 and 2 comprised between 1 and 90, the complement to 100 being constituted by products of degree of polymerization equal to or higher than 3.

Abstract: Aqueous quenching baths containing as an essential constituent a water-soluble salt of a copolymer of maleic, citraconic, or itaconic anhydride and a long chain alpha olefin are useful in quenching metal at cooling rates which are slower than that of water, and may be as slow as or slower than those obtained using a hydrocarbon oil as the quenching medium.

Abstract: A method for forming a carbide layer on the surface of a carbon-containing ferrous alloy article or a cemented carbide article in a molten treating bath. The bath is prepared by introducing 5 to 20% by weight of alumina into molten boric acid or borate bath and a carbide-forming element dissolved therein. By employing the treating bath of this invention, the life of the bath can be remarkably improved, and no sintered substance of undissolved carbide-forming element is produced in the treating bath. Further, it is possible to reduce markedly the corrosion of the article and of the vessel holding the bath.

Abstract: High Temperature Oxidation (HTO) of aluminum subjected to heat treatment is controlled by exposing the aluminum surface to a metal chloride prior to heat treatment. Transition metal chlorides are preferred for such treatment.

Abstract: A process of quenching metal using as the quenching medium an aqueous solution containing from about 0.5% to 50% by weight of a liquid, water-soluble, capped polyether polyol obtained by reacting ethylene oxide and at least one lower alkylene oxide having 3 to 4 carbon atoms, e.g. propylene oxide, with an active hydrogen compound, such as a lower glycol, to prepare a heteric or block copolymer, and further reacting the copolymer with an alpha olefin oxide, the polyol having a molecular weight of from about 7000 to 15,000.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with providing substrates with coatings obtainable from sols, for example to protect the substrate (such as in nuclear reactors or hydrocarbon cracking plant) or to provide a carrier for catalytically active material.Hitherto, coatings obtained from sols have had a high porosity and high surface area so that they have not been entirely satisfactory for the above applications.In the invention, dense, low-porosity coatings are provided by contacting the substrate with a sol of refractory material (e.g. CeO.sub.2 or SiO.sub.2) convertible to a gel of density at least 40% of the theoretical density of the refractory material, and converting the sol to the gel. Optionally, the gel may be converted to a ceramic coating by firing.

Abstract: A process for case hardening steel is described. A fused bath of inert salt is maintained which bath is comprised of alkali or alkali earth halides, and alkali, or alkaline earth oxides or carbonates. To this fused bath is added urea, dicyanodiamide or pyrolysis/condensation products of urea or dicyanodiamide. This will form active ions containing carbon and/or nitrogen, and either the nitrogen and/or carbon will diffuse into the surface of a steel piece suspended in the bath to form either a nitride, carbonitride or carburized case depending upon the temperature of the bath, which is maintained between above 540.degree. C. and about 950.degree. C.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a method and apparatus for the control and or rectification of molecular weight distribution of polymeric quenchants. In general this is accomplished by selective filtration and elimination of lower molecular weight constituents and the resulting restoration of the molecular weight balance which is necessary to maintain the quench of the desired severity.

Abstract: The invention concerns a new process for quenching metallic pieces and intended to limit the stresses engendered by quenching without essentially affecting the characteristics.This process consists of quenching the pieces by immersion in a binder of the clay type suspended in water and with a mineral component such as magnetite, ferrosilicon, baryte. Products to inhibit corrosion, antifoam, or antiflocculant agents can be added to this suspension.The invention is applied to metallic pieces, but particularly to high resistance aluminum alloy pieces which are made subject to faults caused by the stresses of excessive quenching because of their form or their dimensions.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for reducing the incidence of thermal decomposition products of metal-treating compositions on the surface of metal heat-treated in the presence of such compositions. The compositions are modified with certain acetylenic alcohols to improve their clean-burning characteristics; the resulting decrease in residual decomposition product on the metal surface facilitates subsequent processing.

Abstract: Before or during the coiling of cold-rolled sheet steel for stamping, the sheet steel is covered with a substance comprising an agent capable of reacting with amorphous carbon present on the sheet as a contaminant so as to form a volatile compound, such as carbon monoxide or carbon disulphide, during subsequent annealing of the coil. Suitable substances for forming carbon monoxide are (1) certain gels (e.g., gels deposited in the form of a very thin layer from a solution of a soluble silicate such as sodium, potassium, or lithium orthosilicate) which liberate water of adsorption on heating, as during annealing, which water of adsorption reacts with the carbon contaminant to form carbon monoxide; and (2) certain salts [e.g., Ba(OH).sub.2. 8H.sub.2 O, Ca(OH).sub.2, and Zr(OH).sub.4 ] which liberate water of crystallization or water of constitution on heating, as during annealing, which waters of crystallization and constitution react with the carbon contaminant to form carbon monoxide.

Abstract: A composition for a brazing slurry which will form solid connections below 1600.degree. C. The composition comprises, by weight, about 21% to 22% fine particle tungsten; about 7% to 8% calcium oxide; about 5% to 6% silicon dioxide; about 5% to 6% titanium dioxide; about 3% to 4% aluminum oxide; and about 55.5 % to 57.5 % of an organic binder.The composition is well suited to attaching leads to metallized patterns formed on ceramic substrate and can also be employed as the pattern forming material.

Abstract: A composition for a brazing slurry which will form solid connections below 1600.degree. C. The composition comprises, by weight, about 15% to 16.5% fine particle tungsten; about 5% to 6% calcium oxide; about 4% to 5% silicon dioxide; about 6% to 7% aluminum oxide; and about 67% to 70% of an organic binder.The composition is well suited to attaching leads to metallized patterns formed on ceramic substrate and can also be employed as the pattern forming material. When employed in electron discharge devices as a means of forming cathode and/or heater configurations, and for attaching leads thereto, the material is resistant to heater-cathode leakage.

Abstract: Aluminium or silicon is diffused into iron (including silicon-iron) by applying to the iron an aqueous paste containing powdered aluminium/silicon, sodium silicate, and optionally magnesium oxide and colloidal silica, and firing it.

Abstract: A surface of molten metal is covered with a polyphase mixture of a cryogenic fluid and at least one additional constituent in the form of particles, the particles having a size less than 50 microns and forming a homogeneous and stable suspension in the boiling liquefied gas. The particles may be metal or metal oxide or glass or carbon or vegetable or mineral oil, and serve to reduce radiative heat losses from the metal by reflection and/or to serve as a lubricant of the metal in a mold.

Abstract: Water-soluble polymers derived from the copolymerization of a conjugated diene and maleic acid and/or a maleic acid derivative having certain anionic and cationic components are disclosed. When dissolved in aqueous media, the polymers are useful as quenching agents for metals.

Abstract: Austenitized ferrous metal, such as carbon steel, is quenched by means of an aqueous solution of a salt of polyacrylic acid which develops an extremely stable and uniform water vapor envelope surrounding the steel. Rate of cooling is controlled by (1) the molecular weight of the salt, (2) concentration of the salt in the solution, (3) solution temperature, and (4) the degree of agitation of the quenchant solution. In the case of carbon steel, by proper selection of the above variables, the austenitic structure of the hot steel may be directly transformed into non-martensitic structures of improved ductility, machinability and cold working properties, such as fine striped pearlite, without the necessity of further heat treatments, such as tempering, following quenching.The quenching solution may also be used to quench parts formed of alloy steel to obtain a martensitic structure without unwanted cracking and distortion. Non-ferrous metals may also be quenched using the polyacrylate quenching solution.

Abstract: A process is provided for improving magnetic properties of certain glassy metal alloys which comprises immersing toroidally wound cores of glassy metal alloy filaments in a thermally stable, nonferromagnetic, electrically inert and chemically unreactive liquid, maintaining the liquid at a temperature of between about 310.degree. and 350.degree. C for about 3/4 to 8 hrs., depending on the temperature selected, and cooling the filament to about 25.degree. C at a rate not greater than about 30.degree. C/min. through its Curie temperature. Optionally, a magnetic field of about 1 to 10 Oe may be applied circumferentially around the cores during cooling through the Curie temperature to further improve the magnetic properties of the glassy metal alloy.

Abstract: A process for quench hardening metal is provided. The process comprises heating the metal to a quench hardening temperature and thereafter immersing the metal in a quenching medium which is an aqueous solution containing 0.4 to 10% by weight of polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, a copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, or a salt thereof. The process provides a perfect and uniformly hardened quenched structure and allows the production of a quenched structure having a desired degree of hardness.

Abstract: Heat treating salt used as a bath in heat treating metal articles is reclaimed from the rinsing tank in a closed cycle by removing a portion of the salt-contaminated rinse water from the rinsing tank to an enclosed portion of the heat treating tank which serves as a water evaporation zone. There the salt-contaminated rinse water is evaporated by direct contact with the hot molten salt bath and the resulting steam, either as such or after condensation, is conducted back to the rinse tank where it serves to replenish the rinse water. The salt content of the contaminated rinse water which is left behind in the water evaporation zone becomes commingled there with the molten salt bath and is thus reclaimed.

Abstract: A novel quenching medium for steel is provided. The quenching medium is a 0.5-10 wt. % aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, a copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, or a salt thereof. Intrinsic viscosity [.eta.] of the polymer is from 0.010 to 0.050 l/g. The quenching medium is superior in various quenching characteristics to conventional quenching media.

Abstract: A process for the bright-annealing and recrystallization of copper-zinc alloy articles consists of coating the articles with a solution of a synthetic resin and introducing the thus coated articles into an annealing furnace wherein the articles are subjected to recrystallization temperature.