Abstract: A component manufacturing method includes: disposing, in a fluid, an unprocessed component having a hole that has an opening in an outer surface of the unprocessed component; creating a flow of the fluid such that air bubbles resulting from laser peening performed by irradiating an inner wall of the hole of the unprocessed component with a laser beam in the fluid flow along the hole; setting an irradiation area of the laser beam in an inner surface of the hole; and in the fluid of which the flow has been created, irradiating the irradiation area with the laser beam from the side of the outer surface through the opening.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of mechanically alloyed powder feedstock and methods for spheroidizing them using microwave plasma processing. The spheroidized powder can be used in metal injection molding processes, hot isostatic processing, and additive manufacturing. In some embodiments, mechanical milling, such as ball milling, can be used to prepare high entropy alloys for microwave plasma processing.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for producing allograft tissue by applying an antimicrobial solution to allograft tissue. The antimicrobial solution exhibits antimicrobial activity to make allograft resistant to microbial organisms, such as bacterium.

Abstract: To optimize equipment and processes to enhance magnetic domain refinement efficiency and to enhance workability to improve processing capability, a method of refining a magnetic domain of a grain-oriented electrical steel plate includes zigzag controlling for transferring the steel plate without being inclined in right and left directions along a production line center, steel plate support roll position adjusting for controlling a position of the steel plate in up and down directions while supporting the steel plate, laser beam irradiating for irradiating a laser beam to a surface of the steel plate to melt the steel plate to form a groove in the surface of the steel plate, and removing for absorbing and removing radiant heat due to reflection of the laser beam irradiated to the surface of the steel plate during the laser beam irradiating.

Abstract: By optimizing equipment and processing, magnetic domain miniaturization efficiency can be increased, workability can be improved, and processing ability can be increased through same. Provided is a method for miniaturizing the magnetic domains of a directional electric steel plate, the method comprising: a steel plate supporting roll position adjusting step of controlling the vertical direction position of a steel plate while supporting the steel plate progressing along a production line; and a laser emitting step of melting the steel plate by emitting a laser beam to form grooves on the surface of the steel plate and a removing steel plate surface step of to remove remaining spatters dropped on the surface of the steel plate after the laser emitting.

Abstract: Provided is a method for refining magnetic domains of grain-oriented electrical steel plates including: a steel plate supporting roll position adjusting step of controlling a vertical direction position of the steel plate while supporting the steel plate; a laser radiating step of melting the steel plate by radiating a laser beam to form grooves on the surface of the steel plate; and a setting and maintaining step of setting and maintaining an internal operation environment of a laser room in which the laser radiation is performed, so as to increase magnetic domain refinement efficiency and improve workability by optimizing equipment and processes, thereby increasing the processing capacity.

Abstract: A method for rigidity enhancement and weight reduction using laser peening, includes the following steps: determining a limit size of a component; performing laser peening strengthening test on the component, and setting multiple groups of strengthening parameters; performing material performance test on the component, and acquiring material performance improvement data; determining a topological optimization strengthening region; optimizing the cross-sectional size of the component according to the material performance improvement data; and estimating static/dynamic strength, rigidity, bearing capacity and reliability indexes of the optimized component, judging whether design requirements are met or not, and repeating the step of determining the topological optimization strengthening region if NO, or completing the design of the component if YES.

Abstract: Provided is a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet including a steel sheet having a steel sheet surface in which a groove, which extends in a direction intersecting a rolling direction and of which a groove depth direction matches a sheet thickness direction, is formed. In a case where the steel sheet surface is seen from the sheet thickness direction, the steel sheet surface is provided with a groove group that is constituted by a plurality of the grooves arranged in a sheet width direction, the grooves, which constitute the groove group, are arranged in such a manner that adjacent grooves overlap each other on a projection plane perpendicular to the rolling direction, and a plurality of the groove groups are arranged with an interval in the rolling direction.

Abstract: A method for heat treatment of an object of sheet metal, including heating at least one selected portion of the object using an energy beam, where the beam is projected onto a surface of the object so as to produce a primary spot on the object, the beam being repetitively scanned in two dimensions in accordance with a first scanning pattern so as to establish an effective spot on the object, the effective spot having a two-dimensional energy distribution, where the effective spot is displaced in relation to the surface of the object to progressively heat said at least one selected portion of the object.

Abstract: A packing seal is provided for a system for sealing the shaft of a primary motor-driven pump unit of a nuclear reactor, intended to ensure sealing between the primary circuit and the atmosphere. The packing seal including a rotary active surface and a floating active surface, in which a face of the floating active surface and/or the rotary active surface is micro- or nano-structured by an array of holes or pillars, each hole or pillar having lateral dimensions and a height of between 10 nm and 5 ?m, the distance between two consecutive holes or pillars being between 10 nm and 5 ?m.

Abstract: Method, and corresponding system, for receiving and processing sensor data for an additive manufacturing machine. The method includes determining values of the sensor data relative to time; and determining tool positions relative to time based on process data which controls operation of the additive manufacturing machine. The method further includes determining the sensor data values at the working tool positions based on a correlation of the values of the sensor data relative to time and the working tool positions relative to time. A representation of the sensor data values at the working tool positions is displayed by a user interface device.

Abstract: The present invention provides an anti-counterfeiting pattern processing apparatus and a method thereof that quickly process the anti-counterfeiting pattern with a low cost by forming a fine pattern of a nanometer or micrometer scale by using a laser processing system, and an apparatus and a method thereof detecting the anti-counterfeiting pattern of the micrometer or nanometer scale by using a laser measuring system.

Abstract: Laser lift off systems and methods may be used to provide monolithic laser lift off with minimal cracking by reducing the size of one or more beam spots in one or more dimensions to reduce plume pressure while maintaining sufficient energy to provide separation. By irradiating irradiation zones with various shapes and in various patterns, the laser lift off systems and methods use laser energy more efficiently, reduce cracking when separating layers, and improve productivity. Some laser lift off systems and methods described herein separate layers of material by irradiating non-contiguous irradiation zones with laser lift off zones (LOZs) that extend beyond the irradiation zones. Other laser lift off systems and methods described herein separate layers of material by shaping the irradiation zones and by controlling the overlap of the irradiation zones in a way that avoids uneven exposure of the workpiece.

Abstract: Laser lift off systems and methods overlap irradiation zones to provide multiple pulses of laser irradiation per location at the interface between layers of material to be separated. To overlap irradiation zones, the laser lift off systems and methods provide stepwise relative movement between a pulsed laser beam and a workpiece. The laser irradiation may be provided by a non-homogeneous laser beam with a smooth spatial distribution of energy across the beam profile. The pulses of laser irradiation from the non-homogenous beam may irradiate the overlapping irradiation zones such that each of the locations at the interface is exposed to different portions of the non-homogeneous beam for each of the multiple pulses of the laser irradiation, thereby resulting in self-homogenization. Thus, the number of the multiple pulses of laser irradiation per location is generally sufficient to provide the self-homogenization and to separate the layers of material.

Abstract: In a method for controlling an irradiation system (20) for use in an apparatus (10) for producing a three-dimensional work piece and comprising a first and a second irradiation unit (22a, 22b) a first irradiation area (18a) is defined on a surface of a carrier (16) adapted to receive a layer of raw material powder. A layer of raw material powder applied onto the carrier (16) in the first irradiation area (18a) is irradiated by the first irradiation unit (22a) of the irradiation system (20), wherein the operation of the first irradiation unit (22a) is controlled in such a manner that the raw material powder is pre-heated.

Abstract: Thermal treatment method for a micromechanical horological component derived from the LIGA method and exhibiting very low thermal inertia, said method including the step which consists in locally heating one area of the micromechanical horological component to increase hardness by local phase modification, the component being heated for a sufficiently short time that only the locally heated area is affected by the thermal treatment, the phase of the untreated portions of the component remaining unchanged.

Abstract: Provided are a lanthanum target for sputtering which has a Vickers hardness of 60 or more and no spotty macro patterns on the surface, and a method of producing a lanthanum target for sputtering, wherein lanthanum is melted and cast to produce an ingot, the ingot is subject to knead forging at a temperature of 300 to 500° C. and subsequently subject to upset forging at 300 to 500° C. to form the shape into a rough target shape, and this is additionally subject to machining to obtain a target. This invention aims to offer technology for efficiently and stably providing a lanthanum target for sputtering that has no spotty macro patterns on the surface, and a method of producing the same.

Abstract: A process and a system for creating internal stress in a metallic workpiece by laser shock peening is provided. In the process, a first laser pulse is applied to a treatment site of the workpiece covered by a surface layer. A second laser pulse follows the first laser pulse in time, and is applied to the treatment site of the workpiece. A covering layer, such as flowing water, is provided over the treatment site during the application of the laser pulses.

Abstract: A method for producing a structural and/or safety-related motor vehicle component having at least one hot-formed and press-hardened part constructed from high-strength steel includes the steps of partially heat-treating a region of the motor vehicle component by heating the region to a heat-up temperature in a temperature range between 500° C. and 900° C.; maintaining the heat-up temperature for a duration of a holding time; and cooling down from the heat-up temperature in one or more phases. A body component constructed as a structural and/or safety-related motor vehicle component from a steel sheet blank that has been hot-formed and press-hardened includes joining flanges and/or coupling locations and/or safety-related parts, wherein the joining flanges, coupling locations and/or safety-related parts are partially heat-treated in several steps with the disclosed method.

Abstract: A laser hardened knife guard is provided. In one aspect, the invention provides for a knife guard that comprises a guard body that further comprises a base material. The base material includes a mounting bar that defines at least one bolt hole and at least one tine projecting forward from the mounting bar. The base material has a first hardness. A laser treated material is formed into or in the base material. The laser treated material comprises a second hardness greater than the first hardness.

Abstract: A method for laser heat treatment of high tensile steel is provided to improve for improving formability. The method includes performing a heat treatment by irradiating a surface of a high tensile steel blank that includes a martensite structure and a ferrite structure with a laser to decrease a fraction of the martensite structure and increase a fraction of the ferrite structure. In addition, the method includes slowly cooling the blank to temper or anneal the heat-treated blank and subjecting the cooled blank to cold press forming.

Abstract: Provided are high-purity lanthanum, wherein the purity excluding rare-earth elements and gas components is 4N or higher, and amounts of aluminum, iron and copper in the lanthanum are respectively 100 wtppm or less; as well as high-purity lanthanum, wherein the purity excluding rare-earth elements and gas components is 4N or higher, amounts of aluminum, iron and copper in the lanthanum are respectively 100 wtppm or less, oxygen content is 1500 wtppm or less, elements of alkali metals and alkali earth metals are respectively 1 wtppm or less, elements of transition metals and high-melting-point metals other than those above are respectively 10 wtppm or less, and radioactive elements are respectively 10 wtppb or less. The invention aims to provide technology capable of efficiently and stably providing high-purity lanthanum, a sputtering target comprising high-purity lanthanum, and a thin film for metal gate mainly comprising high-purity lanthanum.

Abstract: The present invention provides a laser processing method comprising the steps of attaching a protective tape 25 to a front face 3 of a wafer 1a, irradiating a substrate 15 with laser light L while employing a rear face of the wafer 1a as a laser light entrance surface and locating a light-converging point P within the substrate 15 so as to form a molten processed region 13 due to multiphoton absorption, causing the molten processed region 13 to form a cutting start region 8 inside by a predetermined distance from the laser light entrance surface along a line 5 along which the object is intended to be cut in the wafer 1a, attaching an expandable tape 23 to the rear face 21 of the wafer 1a, and expanding the expandable tape 23 so as to separate a plurality of chip parts 24 produced upon cutting the wafer 1a from the cutting start region 8 acting as a start point from each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a component from transformable steel by hot forming, in which a plate first is cut out of a strip or sheet as the pre-material, and is then heated to forming temperature and pre-formed, having an at least partially martensitic transformation structure after forming. Instead of a press mould hardening, the at least partially martensitic transformation structure is created in the pre-material, or in the plate to be formed, by austenitisation and quenching already before forming, and then the thus-conditioned plate is reheated after forming, while maintaining the at least partially martensitic transformation structure, to a temperature below the Ac1 transformation temperature, and formed at this temperature.

Abstract: A valve body for an electromechanically operable valve is produced by providing a base element with a circumferential sidewall having a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion, the sidewall being made of a ferromagnetic material and enclosing a cavity extending along a longitudinal axis. The third portion is positioned in longitudinal direction between the first portion and the second portion. A thickness of the third portion is smaller than a thickness of the first portion and the second portion. Hardening the third portion is achieved by laser heating, which transforms a material structure of the third portion into a martensitic structure. The locally decreased thickness creates a bottleneck for a magnetic flux, and a magnetic flux bypass in the valve body is reduced due to magnetic saturation; however, a structural resistance of the valve body remains high due to the laser induced hardening.

Abstract: A non-scaling heat-treatable steel with particular suitability for producing hardened or die-hardened components is disclosed, characterized by the following chemical composition in % by weight: C 0.04-0.50; Mn 0.5-6.0; Al 0.5-3.0; Si 0.05-3.0; Cr 0.05-3.0; Ni less than 3.0; Cu less than 3.0; Ti 0.010-?0.050; B 0.0015-?0.0040; P less than 0.10; S less than 0.05; N less than 0.020; remainder iron and unavoidable impurities. Further disclosed is a method for producing a non-scaling hardened component from the steel and a method for producing a hot strip from a steel.

Abstract: A method of remanufacturing a rocker arm is provided. The rocker arm includes a body defining a center hole for receipt of a shaft, a first arm extending radially away from the center hole, and a second arm extending radially away from the center hole in a direction opposite the first arm. The second arm is configured to be operatively engaged with a valve mechanism and includes a contact surface configured to engage with a braking member. The contact surface includes a worn upper hardened surface. The method includes machining the contact surface to a depth less than a predefined tolerance limit to remove the worn upper hardened surface and create a generally planar unhardened contact surface. The method further includes hardening the unhardened contact surface using a laser to create a repaired contact surface with a surface hardness of greater than at least Rockwell C 50.

Abstract: A method of heat treating a surface with a laser, successive passes of the laser over the surface having a large overlap with each individual pass applying insufficient energy to obtain the desired effect on the surface but the overlapping passes applying sufficient energy. Various patterns of laser movement may be used.

Abstract: A method for forming pattern on substrate comprises steps of: providing a metal substrate; amorphousizing the metal substrate to from an amorphous pattern layer in the metal substrate; etching the metal substrate and forming an etching portion in the surface of the metal substrate which is not covered with the amorphous pattern layer. The article manufactured by the method is also provided.

Abstract: To provide a grain oriented electrical steel sheet that can securely suppress propagation of lateral strain, and can make a product even from a portion where the lateral strain occurs. A grain oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention has a linearly altered portion 14 generated in a glass coating film 12 at one of side edges of a steel sheet 11, in a continuous line or in a discontinuous broken line in a direction parallel with a rolling direction of the steel sheet, and having a composition different from a composition in other portions of the glass coating film. An average value of a deviation angle of a direction of an axis of easy magnetization of crystal grains relative to the rolling direction is 0° or more and 20° or less in a base metal iron portion of the steel sheet 11 at a position along a width direction of the steel sheet, the position corresponding to the linearly altered portion 14.

Abstract: Medical implants with non-equilibrium surface structures are disclosed. The surface treatment of the implants greatly enhances osseointegration, reduces time to recovery following implant surgery, reduces surgery-related infections, and improves outcomes. The implants, including dental implants and other implants for insertion into or attachment to bone, are applicable to treatment of a wide variety of medical conditions. The methods of altering the surface properties of medical implants include exposure of a crystalline surface material, such as metal or ceramic, to a short burst of high thermal energy or shock, resulting in the introduction of a non-equilibrium concentration of crystal lattice defects in a surface layer.

Abstract: A method of laser hardening comprises irradiating a surface of a component with a laser beam to form a first band of irradiated material, irradiating the surface of the component with the laser beam to form a second band of irradiated material that overlaps the first band of irradiated material, where the first band and the second band have a pitch to width ratio of between about 0.5 and about 0.78.

Abstract: A copper wire includes a copper wire rod including 5 to 55 mass ppm of Ti, 3 to 12 mass ppm of sulfur, and 2 to 30 mass ppm of oxygen with the balance copper and inevitable impurities, a first crystal including a [111] crystal orientation and at least one twin crystal therein, and a second crystal that includes one or more crystals adjacent to the first crystal, a [111] crystal orientation with a different rotation angle on an atomic plane from the first crystal, and at least one twin crystal therein.

Abstract: A process for localized hardening of steel sheet components includes scanning a laser beam in a scan direction across a predetermined portion of the steel sheet component. The laser beam selectively heats material within the predetermined portion of the steel sheet component to a temperature of austenitizing transformation. During scanning of the laser beam across the predetermined portion, a source of external cooling is applied to the material within the predetermined portion and immediately behind the laser beam along the scan direction of the laser beam. The source of external cooling is selected to cool the material at a sufficiently rapid rate to form a locally hardened region that is defined substantially within the predetermined portion. Subsequent to applying the source of external cooling, the material within the predetermined portion of the steel sheet component is allowed to cool to ambient temperature.

Abstract: In a method for beam welding on components with a laser beam or electron beam generated by a beam source, the heat treatment of the welded component required to remove stresses is integrated into the welding process. In a work cycle combined with the welding process, a regulated heat supply to a selected region takes place, according to its residual heat resulting from the welding process and the predicted stresses in that region, using the residual heat remaining from the welding process following the welding process from the same or other beam source(s). The welding region is cooled in a controlled manner, so that welded components which are likely to be subject to high stress in use, provided for example for a aircraft engine, can be made available without inherent stresses and with the desired microstructure in a single—combined—work step.

Abstract: Disclosed are a preparation method of a steel product capable of local reinforcement using laser heat treatment, and a heat hardened steel used in the method. According to the present invention, the preparation method of a steel part comprises the following steps: (a) preparing a material comprising 0.1-0.5 wt % of C, 0.1-0.5 wt % of Si, 0.5-3.0 wt % of Mn, 0.1 wt % or less of P, 0.05 wt % or less of S, 0.01-1.0 wt % of Cr, 0.1 wt % or less of Al, 0.2 wt % or less of Ti, 0.0005-0.08 wt % of B, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; (b) preparing a formed product by forming the material into a predetermined shape; and (c) locally reinforcing the high strength portion by carrying out laser heat treatment on a portion requiring high strength at the formed product.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention relates to induction heating systems and methods for producing an object having a varying hardness along the length of the object. In some embodiments, the induction heating system comprises a radio frequency (RF) power source and a work coil electrically coupled to the RF power source, wherein the work coil is a helical conical coil.

Abstract: A silicon steel sheet (1) containing Si is cold-rolled. Next, a decarburization annealing (3) of the silicon steel sheet (1) is performed so as to cause a primary recrystallization. Next, the silicon steel sheet (1) is coiled so as to obtain a steel sheet coil (31). Next, an annealing (6) of the steel sheet coil (31) is performed through batch processing so as to cause a secondary recrystallization. Next, the steel sheet coil (31) is uncoiled and flattened. Between the cold-rolling and the obtaining the steel sheet coil (31), a laser beam is irradiated a plurality of times at predetermined intervals on a surface of the silicon steel sheet (1) from one end to the other end of the silicon steel sheet (1) along a sheet width direction (2). When the secondary recrystallization is caused, grain boundaries passing from a front surface to a rear surface of the silicon steel sheet (1) along paths of the laser beams are generated.

Abstract: A tubular hollow member to which torsion about a center line is applied is characterized in performing a partial heat treatment on part of a peripheral wall of the hollow member to make the hardness of an outer portion of the peripheral wall greater than the hardness before heating and greater than the hardness of an inner portion of the peripheral wall, and reduce a residual stress of the inner portion of the peripheral wall.

Abstract: A process of irradiation Sn containing Pb-free solder to mitigate whisker formation and growth thereon is provided. The use of gamma radiation such as cobalt-60 has been applied to a substrate of Sn on copper has been found to change the morphology of the crystalline whisker growth to a more truncated hillock pattern. The change in morphology greatly reduces the tendency of whiskers to contribute to electrical short-circuits being used as a Pb-free solder system on a copper substrate.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are generally directed to materials processing methods using femtosecond duration laser pulses, and to the altered materials obtained by such methods. The resulting nanostructured (with or without macro- and micro-structuring) materials have a variety of applications, including, for example, aesthetic applications for jewelry or ornamentation; biomedical applications related to biocompatibility; catalysis applications; and modification of, for example, the optical and hydrophilic properties of materials including selective coloring.

Abstract: This method of manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet includes, between a cold rolling process and a winding process, a groove formation process of irradiating the surface of a silicon steel sheet with a laser beam multiple times at predetermined intervals in a sheet passing direction, over an area from one end edge to the other end edge, in a sheet width direction of the silicon steel sheet, thereby forming a groove along a locus of the laser beam.

Abstract: Methods of additive manufacturing a superalloy component are disclosed. In one method a powder bed of superalloy powder is selectively scanned with a focused laser beam in a line-by-line manner; and the spacing between adjacent scan lines is no more than twice the layer thickness being formed. In another method a compressive stress treatment is applied to the surface of the final component prior to separation of said component from the substrate. In a further method a superalloy component is formed on a substrate and the method includes Hot Isostatic Processing of the component wherein the mass of the substrate is reduced prior to the Hot Isostatic Processing. The methods may be combined in a multi-step process.

Abstract: The method provides heat-resistant chromia- or alumina-forming Fe-, Fe(Ni), Ni(Fe), or Ni-based alloys having improved creep resistance. A precursor is provided containing preselected constituents of a chromia- or alumina-forming Fe-, Fe(Ni), Ni(Fe), or Ni-based alloy, at least one of the constituents for forming a nanoscale precipitate MaXb where M is Cr, Nb, Ti, V, Zr, or Hf, individually and in combination, and X is C, N, O, B, individually and in combination, a=1 to 23 and b=1 to 6. The precursor is annealed at a temperature of 1000-1500° C. for 1-48 h in the presence of a magnetic field of at least 5 Tesla to enhance supersaturation of the MaXb constituents in the annealed precursor. This forms nanoscale MaXb precipitates for improved creep resistance when the alloy is used at service temperatures of 500-1000° C. Alloys having improved creep resistance are also disclosed.

Abstract: A reinforcing bar has a controlled heating on its threaded end (or other engagement portion for engaging a coupler), which extends beyond the threads, and provides improved mechanical properties at the end. The heating may be a controlled heating that case hardens the threaded end, including heating of an unthreaded portion beyond the threaded portion. The heating may be done in multiple steps, for example with a heating/hardening, follow by cooling, a reheating for tempering, and a recooling. The bar end may be threaded into a coupler or splice, with the heated end extending axially beyond (outside of) the coupler. Regions of the reinforcing bar beyond the heated end may be untreated, and therefore weaker than the thermally-treated bar end. The resulting coupling or splice may therefore be able to achieve bar break (failure at a location in the bulk of the bar, away from the coupler).

Abstract: A method of heat treating metal powder and/or metal oxide powder by microwave energy is described. Furthermore, products made by the various processes of the present invention are further described.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for medical equipment involves electron beam irradiating a titanium or titanium alloy substrate surface that has at least been machined, whereby platelet adhesion of the surface to be contacted by blood is reduced. The manufacturing method for medical equipment can also use a specific pre-processing method and an electron beam irradiation method to reduce the platelet adhesion of the surface which is to be contacted with blood, to suppress the formation of minute depressions (craters) in the surface, which can occur due to the irradiation by an electron beam.

Abstract: The present invention provides a steel sheet with chemical components including, by mass%, 0.18-0.35% of C, 1.0%-3.0% of Mn, 0.01%-1.0% of Si, 0.001%-0.02% of P, 0.0005%-0.01% of S, 0.001%-0.01% of N, 0.01%-1.0% of Al, 0.005%-0.2% of Ti, 0.0002%-0.005% of B, and 0.002%-2.0% of Cr, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein: by volume%, a fraction of the ferrite is 50% or more, and a fraction of a non-recrystallized ferrite is 30% or less; and Cr?/CrM is 2 or less, where Cr? is a concentration of Cr subjected to solid solution in iron carbide and CrM is a concentration of Cr subjected to solid solution in a base material, or Mn0/MnM is 10 or less, where Mn0 is a concentration of Mn subjected to solid solution in an iron carbide, and MnM is a concentration of Mn subjected to solid solution in a base material.

Abstract: A 7000-series aluminum alloy hollow extruded material formed by porthole extrusion contains Zn: 3.0 to 8.0 mass %, Mg: 0.4 to 2.0 mass %, Cu: 0.05 to 2.0 mass %, Si: 0.3 mass % or less, Fe: 0.35 mass % or less, and one or more of Mn, Cr, and Zr: 0.10 mass % or less in total, with the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities. The aluminum alloy hollow extruded material has a recrystallized structure throughout the cross-section. In the case of pipe expansion by electro-magnetic forming, excellent pipe expansion formability is obtained.

Abstract: Mechanical component having a surface at least one part of which has been surface hardened by induction heating. A cross section of the mechanical component through the surface exhibits a hardness Hsurface at the surface, and remains substantially equal through a first region, a hardness Hcore at the non-hardened core of the mechanical component and remains substantially equal through a third region and a transition, second region spanning between the first and third regions. The hardness profile in the first region has an average hardness Y1, and the hardness profile in the third region has an average hardness Y3. If a line is drawn on the hardness profile in the second region between the points (formula) and (formula), where 0<K<2, the hardness of the mechanical component in the second region determined along the line decreases by less than 50 HRC per mm.