Abstract: A method of manufacturing a steel wire material that contains 0.05%-1.2% C (“%” means “% by mass,” same hereinafter for chemical components.), 0.01%-0.7% Si, 0.1%-1.5% Mn, 0.02% max. P (not including 0%), 0.02% max. S (not including 0%), and 0.005% max. N (not including 0%), with the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities. The steel wire material has a scale 6.0-20 ?m thick and holes of an equivalent circle diameter of 1 ?m max. in said scale that occupy 10% by area max. Said scale does not detach in the cooling process after hot rolling or during storage or transportation but can readily detach during mechanical descaling.

Abstract: A method and system of forming a micro-wire including heating metal feedstock to a liquid state within a glass tube, wherein the metal feedstock includes an iron based glass forming alloy comprising one or more of nickel and cobalt present in the range of 7 atomic percent to 50 atomic percent and one or more of boron, carbon, silicon, phosphorous and nitrogen present in the range of 1 to 35 atomic percent. Negative pressure may be provided to the interior the glass tube and the glass tube containing the metal feedstock may be drawn down. The metal feedstock in the glass tube may be cooled at a rate sufficient to form a wire exhibiting crystalline microstructures present in the range of 2 to 90 percent by volume in a glass matrix.

Abstract: A predetermined composition is had, when a C content is represented by (C %), in a case of (C %) being not less than 0.35% nor more than 0.65%, a volume fraction of pearlite is 64×(C %)+52% or more, and in a case of (C %) being greater than 0.65% and 0.85% or less, the volume fraction of pearlite is not less than 94% nor more than 100%, and a structure of the other portion is composed of one or two of proeutectoid ferrite and bainite. Further, in a region to a depth of 1.0 mm from a surface, a volume fraction of pearlite block having an aspect ratio of 2.0 or more is not less than 70% nor more than 95%, and a volume fraction of pearlite having an angle between an axial direction and a lamellar direction on a cross section parallel to the axial direction of 40° or less is 60% or more with respect to all pearlite.

Abstract: Provided is an ultra-fine grained, high-strength, high-toughness carbon steel wire rod manufactured through control of a microstructure by process control without addition of relatively expensive alloying elements. More particularly, the material provided is an ultra-fine grained, high-strength, high-toughness carbon steel wire rod having a microstructure including a ferrite structure having an area fraction of 60% or more and a cementite structure as a remainder, wherein an average grain diameter of ferrite grains is 15 ?m or less. Also provided is a method of manufacturing the wire rod.

Abstract: A polymeric quenchant. The polymeric quenchant comprises an inorganic nanoparticle, a water-soluble polymer, and water, wherein a weight ratio of the inorganic nanoparticle, water-soluble polymer and water is about 0.05-5:1-5:100. The cooling rate of steel during a quenching process can be adjusted by regulating the components and ratios of the adjusted by regulating the components and ratios of the polymeric quenchant to achieve desirable steel properties.

Abstract: A cold drawn carbon steel filament has a surface with traces of bismuth. The steel filament can be used as a sawing wire or as part of a steel cord. During its manufacturing the steel filament has been subjected to a controlled cooling by bringing the steel filament in contact with bismuth. Bismuth may replace lead without harming the environment.

Abstract: An oil-tempered wire that has high fatigue strength and toughness after the nitriding treatment, and a method of producing the same, and a spring using the oil-tempered wire are provided. The oil-tempered wire has a tempered martensite structure. A lattice constant of a nitride layer formed on a surface of the wire is 2.870 ? to 2.890 ? when the oil-tempered wire is nitrided. The oil-tempered wire is produced by wire drawing a steel wire and quenching and tempering the wire drawn steel wire. The quenching is performed after the radiation heating is performed at 850 to 950° C. for over 30 sec to 150 sec, and the tempering is performed at 400 to 600° C.

Abstract: A polymeric quenchant. The polymeric quenchant comprises an inorganic nanoparticle, a water-soluble polymer, and water, wherein a weight ratio of the inorganic nanoparticle, water-soluble polymer and water is about 0.05-5:1-5:100. The cooling rate of steel during a quenching process can be adjusted by regulating the components and ratios of the adjusted by regulating the components and ratios of the polymeric quenchant to achieve desirable steel properties.

Abstract: The technology described herein provides a method and system to prevent iron oxide formation and decarburization during strand heat treating of a steel product without the subsequent required use of acid pickling, which has associated health and environmental risks. Additionally, this technology provides placing a coating, such as copper plating, to the surface of a steel wire prior to strand heat treating to avoid both iron oxide formation and decarburization through the surface of the steel wire by preventing interactions between the steel wire and the furnace atmosphere. To remove oxides formed by the plating metal, the oxides are chemically reduced by passing the steel wire through a reducing gas, electrolytically reduced by plating with the wire anodic, mechanically reduced through the use of brushes, or the like, or chemically reduced by acid pickling.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for continuously processing a long bar by heat treatment using induction heating. The method includes checking and preparing carbon steel and low-alloy steel material; feeding the prepared material into a continuous induction-heating quenching furnace, heating the material at a temperature of 860° C. to 900° C., spraying a cooling water on the heated material, and completely quenching the material; horizontally conveying the quenched material by an automatic conveyor unit; feeding the conveyed material into a continuous induction-heating tempering furnace, heating the material at a temperature of 550° C. to 690° C., and completely tempering the material; checking the tempered material and correcting a deformed part of the tempered material; and relieving stress from the corrected material and finally checking the material.

Abstract: A thermodynamic metal treating apparatus and process describes utilizing a quenchant mixture of liquid and gas in a cell. Heated metal is passed over the heated quenchant mixture which contains a liquid and a gas such as air bubbled through the liquid at a desired rate. The process is particularly suited for improving the breaking, tensile strength and ductility of steel wire as is used in belted vehicle tires. A series of quenching cells allow for fast, uniform treatment of the metal wire.

Abstract: In a mass spectrometer, an ion of a sample gas is produced in an ion source by colliding the gas with an electron beam, and is introduced into a magnetic field or an electric field. The ion is separated based on the mass number, and the sample is analyzed from a mass spectrum. The ion source has an electrode made of stainless steel, which is baked at a temperature in a range from 200° C. to 700° C. in an air atmosphere.

Abstract: The method comprises the steps of: applying an isothermal transformation heat treatment to a wire material having a nonmetallic inclusion controlled; applying a lubrication film after acid washing; carrying out scalping after which softening a work hardened layer produced on a surface layer at the time of scalping by annealing and carrying out wire drawing, and then carrying out an oil temper treatment.

Abstract: A method for annealing and galvanizing wires which comprises induction heating the wires in a first chamber at a first higher temperature to anneal the wires, cooling the wires to a second lower temperature in a second chamber and galvanizing the wires in a third chamber. The chambers are in serial communication and the heating, cooling and galvanizing steps are effected in an oxygen free atmosphere.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the direct production, from molten metal, of scale-free thin metal strip. Hot thin metal strip exiting a continuous caster system is directed to a reducing chamber wherein a reducing gas reduces strip surface oxides while the cast metal strip is at an elevated temperature from retained heat from the molten metal. A cooling unit following the reducing chamber is used to cool the strip to a temperature below about 150° C. prior to exposing the strip to an oxidizing atmosphere. In various embodiments of the invention, strip thickness is reduced with use of hot and cold rolling mills and the scale-free surface of the strip is coated with protective coatings.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for annealing strand wires or strips in a fluidized bed reactor having an atmosphere of fluidized gases flowing through fluidized particles. The method provides for stratifying the atmosphere of fluidized gases by passing a reducing gas through the fluidized particles in the fluidized bed. The wires are passed between the fluidized particles at a location near the bottom of the fluidized bed. Finally, an amount of oxygen-containing gas is injected on top of said fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: A process of patenting at least one steel wire (10) with a diameter less than 2.8 mm. The cooling is alternatingly done by film boiling in water (14, 16) during one or more water cooling periods and in air during one or more air cooling periods. A water cooling period immediately follows an air cooling period and vice versa. The number of the water cooling periods, the number of the air cooling periods, the length of each water cooling period are so chosen so as to avoid the formation of martensite or bainite.

Abstract: The invention includes an apparatus and associated method of increasing the pump-out efficiency of H.sub.2 O by, for example, reducing the staying time or the probability of sticking of H.sub.2 O or analogous molecules on a stainless steel surface. The method for the vacuum treatment of stainless steel surfaces includes an annealing treatment carried out under conditions of at least 500.degree. C. while maintaining an H.sub.2 O partial pressure of not more than 1.times.10.sup.-5 torr, or at least 400.degree. C. while maintaining an H.sub.2 partial pressure of at least ten times the H.sub.2 O partial pressure, or at least 300.degree. C. while maintaining an H.sub.2 partial pressure at least the same as the H.sub.2 O partial pressure and activating the H.sub.2. Furthermore, during the interval after the annealing treatment and before use, the surface is stored in an environment such that the product of the relative humidity and the number of days is not more than 500.

Abstract: A method for producing metallic semifinished products such as strip or wire rom metallic work materials which have a high melting point and are difficult to shape, comprising the steps of a) first, alloying at least one element for lowering the melting point with a material that has a high melting point and is difficult to shape; b) then, producing the semifinished product from the alloy with the reduced melting point in the form of strip or wire directly from the melt by quick solidification; and c) finally extracting the elements alloyed with the material in method step a) from the semifinished product by heat treatment in a reactive atmosphere.

Abstract: When cold strip is annealed, diffusion welds, so-called stickers, frequently form on the strip surface. In order to avoid these, the cold strip, above 600.degree. C. (holding time) is coated by oxidation with a thin surface film which prevents the sticking together. Below 600.degree. C., during the cooling phase, this surface film is removed again by reduction. In the case of a protective gas comprising a hydrogen content greater than 5%, remainder nitrogen, carbon dioxide is preferably added as oxidizing agent. The process is controlled via a defined oxygen partial pressure. The reduction is performed via the hydrogen.

Abstract: A conveyor moves forward an unconcentrically spiralled loose coil of steel wire rod having a temperature not lower than Ar.sub.3 into a retention bath of molten salt for heat treatment. Just before entering the retention bath, the coil is quenched by spraying a solution of molten salt kept at a temperature between 400.degree. and 600.degree. C. and not higher than the temperature of the retention bath either from above and below or from only above the coil. Then, the quenched coil is retained in the retention bath of molten salt kept at a temperature between 400.degree. and 600.degree. C., thereby causing pearlite transformation and forming a fine pearlite structure in the wire rod.

Abstract: A method of annealing of siderurgical products comprised of carbon steel having a chromium content in the range 0.15-1.5 wt. % and a manganese content also in the range 0.15-1.5 wt. %, whereby said products are held in an annealing furnace under nitrogen atmosphere to bring about globulization of the perlite; characterized in that oxygen is added to this atmosphere, in an amount greater than or equal to 0.5 vol. %.

Abstract: Methods of making an improved high performance x-ray system having an improved cathode assembly which reduces tube failure due to filament misalignment or sagging and prevents costly reflashing of the filament during the manufacturing process is disclosed.

Abstract: An improved method is proposed for the manufacture of a very fine high-carbon steel wire having a diameter of 50 .mu.m or smaller. In the wire drawing process by repeating a plural number of cycles each consisting of a patenting treatment and a cold-drawing treatment starting from a base steel wire rod, the final drawing treatment is preceded by a heat treatment of the intermediate wire having a diameter of about 100-500 .mu.m in an atmosphere of a gaseous mixture of 90-98% by volume of nitrogen and 2-10% by volume of hydrogen at 750.degree.-900.degree. C. for 1-30 seconds so that the final drawing can be safely conducted without breaking of the fine wire.

Abstract: A fluidized bed is disclosed for the continuous quenching of steel wires. The fluidized bed is provided with an air convection cooler with high cooling capacity. The temperature of the fluidized bed is regulated by means of a cooling air flow. Such a bed is applicable in the patenting operation, in which the carrying gas for a fluidized bed is taken from the exhaust gases of the austenitizing furnace.