Abstract: Carbon steels of high performance are disclosed that contain a three-phase microstructure consisting of grains of ferrite fused with grains that contain dislocated lath structures in which laths of martensite alternate with thin films of austenite. The microstructure can be formed by a unique method of austenization followed by multi-phase cooling in a manner that avoids bainite and pearlite formation and precipitation at phase interfaces. The desired microstructure can be obtained by casting, heat treatment, on-line rolling, forging, and other common metallurgical processing procedures, and yields superior combinations of mechanical and corrosion properties.

Abstract: Carbon steels of high performance are disclosed that contain dislocated lath structures in which laths of martensite alternate with thin films of austenite, but in which each grain of the dislocated lath structure is limited to a single microstructure variant by orienting all austenite thin films in the same direction. This is achieved by careful control of the grain size to less than ten microns. Further improvement in the performance of the steel is achieved by processing the steel in such a way that the formation of bainite, pearlite, and interphase precipitation is avoided.

Abstract: A composite doctor blade comprises a steel support band configured with a width and thickness suitable for mounting in a blade holder, with tensile and yield strengths suitable for a selected doctoring application. A wear resistant strip of high speed steel is integrally joined to an edge of the support band. The wear resistant strip has tensile and yield strengths higher than those of the support band, and has a hardness of between about 55 to 75 Rc.

Abstract: In producing an Fe-based member, an Fe-based material comprising 0.6% by weight≦carbon (C)≦1.0% by weight silicon (Si)<2.2% by weight 0.9% by weight≦manganese (Mn)≦1.7% by weight 0.5% by weight≦nickel (Ni)≦1.5% by weight and the balance of iron (Fe) including inevitable impurities, is subjected, at a first step, to a thermal treatment at a heating temperature T1 set in a range of TS<T1<TL wherein TS represents a solidus temperature of the Fe-based material and TL represents a liquidus temperature, and under a cooling condition set at a quenching level. At a second step, the resulting Fe-based material is subjected to a thermal treatment at a heating temperature T2 set in a range of Te1<T2<Te2 wherein Te1 represents a eutectic transformation starting temperature and Te2 represents a eutectic transformation finishing temperature, and for a heating time t set in a range of 60 min≦t≦180 min.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing an aluminum-killed low-carbon steel strip by supplying a hot-rolled steel strip having by weight from 0.022 to 0.035% of carbon, from 0.15 to 0.25% of manganese, from 0.040 to 0.70% of aluminum, from 0.0035 to 0.0060% of nitrogen, the remainder being iron and trace impurities, passing the strip through a first cold-rolling, annealing the cold-rolled strip, in which the annealing is continuous using a cycle including: a temperature rise up to a first temperature higher than an onset temperature of pearlitic transformation Ac1, holding the strip above the first temperature for a duration of longer than 10 seconds, rapidly cooling the strip to a second temperature below 100° C. at a cooling rate in excess of 100° C. per second, thermally treating the strip at a temperature from 100° C. to 350° C. for a duration in excess of 10 seconds, and cooling the strip to room temperature.

Abstract: A method of producing a tool steel comprises quenching a steel containing, by mass percent, C: 0.25 to 0.60%, Si: 0.10 to 1.20%, Mn: 0.20 to 1.50%, Ni: 0.50 to 2.00%, Cr: 1.00 to 4.20%, Mo: 0.30 to 2.00%, V: 0.10 to 1.00% and Al: 0.005 to 0.10%, in order to obtain a hardness H such that the hardness index defined below by the formula (1) becomes between 0.20 to 0.95; and then tempering the steel; K=(H−H2)/(H1−H2)  (1) Where H1: Vickers hardness of the steel with 10 mm thickness after heating to a temperature of the Ac3 transformation point plus 50° C., and quenching into water; H2: Vickers hardness of the steel with 10 mm thickness after heating to the same temperature as defined above, and cooling to room temperature over 20 hours.

Abstract: A composite doctor blade comprises a steel support band configured with a width and thickness suitable for mounting in a blade holder, with tensile and yield strengths suitable for a selected doctoring application. A wear resistant strip of high speed steel is integrally joined to an edge of the support band. The wear resistant strip has tensile and yield strengths higher than those of the support band, and has a hardness of between about 55 to 65 Rc.

Abstract: Masking device for a color cathode-ray display tube with a flat scree, of the type comprising a support frame for a tensioned shadowmask and a tensioned shadowmask mounted on the support frame so as to undergo tensioning at room temperature, in which device the support frame is made of a hardened Fe—Ni alloy having a thermal expansion coefficient between 20° and 150° C. of less than 5×1031 6 K−1 and a yield stress Rp0.2 at 20° C. of greater than 700 MPa, and the tensioned shadowmask is made of a hardened FeNi or Fe—Ni alloy having a thermal expansion coefficient between 20° C. and 150° C. of less than 5×10−6 K−1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a martensitic-hardenable heat-treated steel, having the following composition (data in % by weight): 9 to 13% Cr, 0.001 to 0.25% Mn, 2 to 7% Ni, 0.001 to 8% Co, at least one of W and Mo in total between 0.5 and 4%, 0.5 to 0.8% V, at least one of Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf in total between 0.001 and 0.1%, 0.001 to 0.05% Ti, 0.001 to 0.15% Si, 0.01 to 0.1% C, 0.12 to 0.18% N, at most 0.025% P, at most 0.015% S, at most 0.01% Al, at most 0.0012% Sb, at most 0.007% Sn, at most 0.012% As, remainder iron and customary impurities, and the proviso that the ratio by weight of vanadium to nitrogen V/N lies in the range between 3.5 and 4.2. After solution annealing at 1050 to 1250° C., cooling to a temperature below 300° C., tempering treatment, partial or complete reaustenitization at 600 to 900° C., cooling to a temperature below 300° C. and annealing at a temperature from 550 to 650° C., it has a high resistance to heat combined, at the same time, with a high ductility.

Abstract: A ball-and-roller bearing is disclosed having an inner ring, an outer ring arranged on the axis of the inner ring and rotating around the co-axis relative to the inner ring, and a rolling body interposed between the inner ring and the outer ring and rolling with rotation of the outer ring relative to the inner ring. One of the inner ring, the outer ring, and the rolling body has a core member made from an alloy containing iron, at least one of 0.2 to 1.0% by weight of silicon and 0.2 to 1.5% by weight of manganese, 7.0 to 11.0% by weight of chromium, 1.5 to 6.0% by weight of molybdenum, and 0.5 to 8.0% by weight of cobalt, and a case hardened surface layer. Also disclosed is the method of manufacturing the bearing by forming a core member of the alloy, forming a case hardened layer containing 0.9 to 1.

Abstract: A method of heat-treating a work piece of high-alloy steel by hardening involves relatively briefly annealing the work piece before hardening, followed by cooling the work piece. The brief annealing that is performed before the actual hardening and the ensuing cooling results in homogeneity of the material in the microscopic range. Following the annealing, the work piece is hardened, for instance by quenching in a salt bath, to achieve a super fine distribution of globular carbides in the microscopic structure with considerably reduced size as compared to the outset state. Also, the microscopic structure created by the method of the invention has improved toughness properties as well as increased microscopic structure stability to aging and leads to a longer service life.

Abstract: This invention provides a ferritic heat-resistant steel suitable for a pressure-resistant member to be used at a temperature of 400 to 550.degree. C. The ferritic heat-resistant steel having an excellent high temperature strength contains, in terms of wt %, 0.05 to 0.15% of C, 0.10 to 0.08% of Si, 0.20 to 1.5% of Mn, 0.5 to 1.5% of Cr, 0.10 to 1.15% of Mo, 0.005 to 0.30% of V, 0.005 to 0.05% of Nb, 0.0002 to 0.0050% of B, and if necessary, 0.005 to 0.05% of Ti and 0.4 to 1.0% of W, either alone or in combination, and having a structure comprising not greater than 15% of pro-eutectoid ferrite, in terms of a metallic structural area ratio, and the balance of bainite. The present invention provides also a process for producing a ferritic heat-resistant steel having an excellent high temperature strength, comprising tempering the steel having the composition at a temperature within the range 950 to 1,010.degree. C., and conducting tempering while keeping a T.P. value within the range of 18.50.times.10.sup.

Abstract: A belt for use in the casting of metals and a method for its manufacture in which a metal belt is first subjected to heat treatment, quenching and tempering to improve its strength and decrease its stretchability. Then the belt is treated to introduce surface irregularities to promote uniformity of heat transfer and to allow collection of surface gases and then the belt is subjected to further thermal treatment under controlled conditions to form an oxide layer thereon to minimize adhesion between the belt and the metal deposited thereon.

Abstract: A cast cold tool is obtained through the steps of forming a casting by founding a molten steel consisting by weight percentage of 0.5 to 0.8% of C, not more than 1.0% of Si, 0.25 to 1.50% of Mn, 4.0 to 8.0% of Cr, 1.0 to 5.0% of Mo, one or both of 0.2 to 1.0% of V and 0.2 to 2.0% of Nb, opptionally not more than 2.5% of W, not more than 2.5% of Ni, and the balance being Fe plus incidental impurities, subjecting the casting to solid solution treatment to decrease primary carbides precipitated in the casting to not more than 1%, preferably to extinguish completely, and subjecting the solid-solution treated casting to quenching and tempering treatment to give predetermined toughness and hardness to the casting.

Abstract: A precipitation hardened metallic alloy is provided in which the strengthening is based on the precipitation of particles. The strengthening particles have a quasicrystalline structure, said structure being essentially maintained at aging times up to 1000 h and tempering treatments up to 650.degree. C., the strengthening involving an increase in tensile strength of at least 200 MPa.

Abstract: Bearing steel materials that are superior in cold workability, machinability, hardenability and rolling contact fatigue life are provided. During the processing of steel materials, the generation of large carbides, that detrimentally affect the rolling contact fatigue life of the steel, is inhibited, thereby obviating the necessity of a heat treatment for dissolving the carbides. The present steel material contains the following alloy elements in percentage by mass: 0.55% to 0.82% of carbon; 0.05% to 0.20% of silicon; 0.50% or less of manganese; 0.90% to 1.30% of chromium; 0.05% to 0.30% of molybdenum; and the remaining percentage substantially of iron. After the spheroidizing annealing of the steel material, the total cross-sectional area rate of carbide is 25% or less.

Abstract: A precipitation hardened metallic alloy is provided in which the strengthening is based on the precipitation of particles. The strengthening particles have a quasicrystalline structure, said structure being essentially maintained at aging times up to 1000 h and tempering treatments up to 650.degree. C., the strengthening involving an increase in tensile strength of at least 200 MPa.

Abstract: An iron-based, corrosion-resistant, precipitation strengthened, martensitic steel essentially free of delta ferrite for use at high temperatures has a nominal composition of 0.05-0.1 C, 8-12 Cr, 1-5 Co, 0.5-2.0 Ni, 0.41-1.0 Mo, 0.1-0.5 Ti, and the balance iron. This steel is different from other corrosion-resistant martensitic steels because its microstructure consists of a uniform dispersion of fine particles, which are very closely spaced, and which do not coarsen at high temperatures. Thus at high temperatures this steel combines the excellent creep strength of dispersion-strengthened steels, with the ease of fabricability afforded by precipitation hardenable steels.

Abstract: A process for the production of a stainless steel strip having excellent spring characteristics as such and good formability, wherein a cold rolled strip of a stainless steel comprising, in addition to Fe, from 10.0 to 20.0% by weight of Cr, from 0.01 to 0.15% by weight of C, and at least one of Ni, Mn and Cu in an amount of from 0.1 to 4.0% by weight, is continuously passed through a continuous heat treatment furnace where it is heated to a temperature range for a two-phase of ferrite and austenite, rapidly cooled to provide a strip of a duplex structure, consisting essentially of ferrite and martensite, optionally temper rolled at a rolling reduction of not more than 10%, and continuously passed through a continuous heat treatment furnace to effect aging of not longer than 10 minutes.

Abstract: A method is provided for thermally treating a high strength, microalloyed steel so as to first induce sufficient ductility (and corresponding low strength) in the microalloyed steel to readily enable the room temperature forming and/or machining of the steel. This is accomplished by appropriately heating to a solutionizing temperature and then cooling from this temperature at an extraordinarily slow rate so as to induce coarse precipitation of any strengthening particles and to thereby minimize the strengthening contributions associated with precipitates and ferrite grain size. The formed low strength components are then thermally treated again (such as during a copper brazing cycle) so as to induce high strength and relatively lower ductility in the microalloyed steel.