Abstract: An apparatus for continuously treating metal strip of aluminum, an aluminum alloy, a nonferrous metal, or a nonferrous-metal alloy, has at least one heat-treatment device through which the metal strip passes in a strip-travel plane in a travel direction without contact from an upstream inlet end to a downstream outlet end and having a heating zone at the upstream end and a cooling zone formed by a row extending in the direction of at least two cooling subzones. A strip-centering device between the cooling subzones adjusts a position of the metal strip in the strip-travel plane and transverse thereto.

Abstract: A multipurpose continuous processing line able for heat treating and hot dip coating a steel strip containing: an annealing section (1) for heating the steel strip to a predetermined annealing temperature and for maintaining the steel strip at said annealing temperature, a first transfer section (2), an overaging section (3) able to maintain the temperature of the steel strip between 300° C. and 700° C., a second transfer section (4) able to adjust the temperature of the steel strip to allow the hot dip coating of the strip and, a hot dip coating section (5), wherein the first transfer section (2) includes, in sequence, a cooling section (21) and a heating section (22).

Abstract: A device includes at least one tank having a tank bottom and a delivery unit for a liquid. The delivery unit is disposed in a chamber on the tank bottom and the chamber includes at least one heater. The tank preferably has at least one local ventilation heater extending from a discharge for liquid on the tank bottom over at least one tank side to the vicinity of a tank top.

Abstract: A cooling device including an air source, preferably a fan, that provides air flow and a shroud for directing air flow from the air source at an object, particularly a coil of material, preferably a metal or metal alloy having a temperature greater than the ambient room temperature. The cooling device provides cooling efficiency by directing the air from the air source at an increased velocity to a desirable area or areas on an end surface of the object, thereby increasing heat transfer from the object. The cooling device shroud includes an air directing surface that influences the direction of air flow across the object in a desired pattern. Methods for preparing cooling devices and for cooling objects are also described.

Abstract: In the press hardening process when a blank is formed and cooled in cooled tools (30,31), the tools are used as a fixture during the hardening. The tools have alternately contact surfaces (33,34) and clearances (35) in a certain area against the formed product (20-24) and the contact surfaces have an area that is less than 20% of the area. As a result, this area will be a soft zone (11) of the final product and the zone will have good dimensional accuracy.

Abstract: The interior of a furnace is partitioned into two longitudinally extending and transversely adjacent zones, and one of the zones is heated to a substantially higher treatment temperature than the other of the zones, which may or may not be heated. A steel workpiece is conveyed longitudinally through the furnace with a region of the workpiece moving exclusively through the one zone and another region of the workpiece moving exclusively through the other of the zones such that the regions are heated to different temperatures. The treatment temperature in one of the zone is above the AC1 point for the workpiece and the temperature in the other of the zones is close to or below the AC1 point for the workpiece.

Abstract: A method of performing manufacturing operations on a workpiece made of a high strength alloy is disclosed in which a local area of a workpiece is heated to micro-structurally soften the local area. The local area of the workpiece becomes softened and more ductile. A manufacturing operation involving deformation of the heat softened area is performed with the metal in the heat softened region being more ductile and having less strength than the surrounding portions thereof. Manufacturing operations may include riveting, clinching, hydro-forming, and magnetic pulse joining.

Abstract: The creep strength of a welded joint portion is improved, and damage of the welded joint portion based on the generation or development of cracks is suppressed. A postweld heat treatment process, wherein a welded joint made of carbon steel and low alloy steel is held within austenite single-phase temperature range for a given time and subsequently the joint is cooled by air-cooling or by slow cooling at a cooling rate lower than that of the air-cooling.

Abstract: A method for the thermal treatment of rails, in particular of the rail head, in which cooling is carried out in a cooling agent that contains a synthetic cooling agent additive starting at temperatures above 720° C. The treatment is carried out by immersion in the cooling agent until withdrawal of the immersed areas occurs, at a surface temperature between 450 and 550° C. results without temperature equalization across the whole of the cross-section, thereby avoiding hardening of the rail web while maintaining an optimal cooling rate for the rail head.

Abstract: A high-strength oil-tempered steel wire with excellent spring fabrication property that is made of spring low-alloy steel, having a decarburized layer of reduced hardness extending to a depth of not greater than 200 .mu.m from the wire surface, a wire surface hardness in the range from an Hv (Vickers hardness) of 420 to an Hv of 50 below the Hv of the wire interior, and an Hv at the interior of the wire beyond the depth of the decarburized layer of not less than 550. The spring low-alloy steel can preferably comprise, in weight percent, 0.45-0.80% C, 1.2-2.5% Si, 0.5-1.5% Mn, 0.5-2.0% Cr and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: A process for surface-treating a body made of metal is disclosed, which includes a step of immersing the body made of metal in an aqueous solution containing at least one organometallic compound and at least one film-forming assistant, thereby forming a transparent film on a surface of the body made of metal. Further, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a composition of matter including a substrate made of magnesium or a magnesium alloy and a transparent film formed on the substrate, which can be prepared by the process.

Abstract: Process for the continuous heat treatment of a metal strip, the latter travelling through a furnace, which is thermally insulated, and in a protective atmosphere; the said furnace consisting of at least one section, for heating, for temperature hold and for cooling; the said strip being guide by a plurality of rollers arranged especially in the lower part and in the upper part of the said sections, so as to form a plurality of runs, wherein the strip passes through at least one partial or total isolating device positioned within at least one section or between two sections, so as to ensure different heat transfer properties on the strip compared with at least one other adjacent section having a different atmosphere, by adjusting the composition of the atmosphere consisting of a gas mixture whose hydrogen or helium content exceeds 5% and more particularly 15%, in order to allow differentiation of the thermomechanical properties of the atmosphere.

Abstract: Method for heat treating a metal in which argon gas is selectively injected into the cooling zone of a heat treating apparatus when the temperature therein is above the level at which significant nitriding will occur.

Abstract: A unique method is proposed for the preparation of a body of an austempered ductile cast iron having a gradient of the mechanical property within the body by subjecting a body of a nodular graphite cast iron to an isothermal transformation treatment for austempering at a temperature in the range from 250.degree. to 450.degree. C. while the body has a temperature difference between two points or between two surfaces. The temperature difference can be produced by bringing the two points or two surfaces into contact with melts of a salt kept at different temperatures. A two-compartment salt-bath apparatus therefore is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing a selectively surface hardened cast iron part includes the steps of (a) heating the part to a desired austempering temperature of between about 450.degree. F. and about 800.degree. F. until the entire cast iron part possesses the desired austempering temperature substantially uniformly throughout it; (b) heating only the surface of the cast iron part to an austenitizing temperature of between about 1500.degree. F. and about 1800.degree. F. by immersing the cast iron part in a molten lead or tin bath until a desired thickness of an austenite layer is formed on the surface of the cast iron part, without substantial heating of the interior of the cast iron part; (c) quenching the surface-heated cast iron part in a non-liquid quenching bath atmosphere, i.e.

Abstract: There is provided a composite copper alloy having a copper alloy core and a modified surface layer containing a nitride or carbide film. Alternatively, the modified surface layer may contain a carbo-nitride film. The alloy is formed by reacting a copper alloy with nitrogen, carbon or a nitrogen/carbon mixture at elevated temperatures. The resultant surface layer improves the tribological and mechanical properties of the alloy while maintaining useful electrical conductivity.

Abstract: Contact of acid or alkaline cleaned aluminum surfaces, particularly cans, with a water based composition containing a combination of (i) alkoxylated phosphate esters, (ii) ions of aluminum, zirconium, iron, tin, and/or cerium, (iii) a metal etching component, and (iv) a combination of alkoxylated alcohol and alkoxylated alkyl phenol emulsifiers, gives the surface after drying lowered surface friction without loss of high quality printability and lacquer adhesion and removes any brown spotting on the cans that may have developed during the cleaning or post-cleaning rinses. The cans after treatment are substantially free from any water breaks when rinsed with water.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for sealing an anodized aluminum surface by contacting the surface with an aqueous acidic sealing solution having dissolved therein zirconium and/or titanium and dissolved fluoride, said solution preferably including dissolved silicate and/or a dissolved thiourea compound, and including optionally a sealing auxiliary, the process being carried out at a temperature of no greater than about 40.degree. C.

Abstract: A hydrophilic coating is formed on an aluminum surface by the application of an aqueous solution of an amphoteric acrylamide polymer which is dried in place. The polymer solution may contain a cross-linking agent and the dried coating may be subsequently treated to form a water-glass coating.

Abstract: Compositions containing an aromatic polyether resin and an aminophosphonic acid can be employed as coatings for untreated metallic substrates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacture of an electric moisture-content sensor comprising a porous layer of alumuniumoxihydroxide, the so-called boehmite, obtained by hydration of an aluminium substrate in boiling redistilled water and subsequent passivating tempering.This method, due to its simplicity, results in a larger yield in manufacture, reduced variations of parameters of individual sensors and a higher stability of their calibration curves.Due to the extraordinary prolonged stability of sensors manufactured according to this method, they can be for example applied for measuring of the moisture content of stored goods, for air-conditioning systems, for drying plants, in meteorology and also for microelectronics and in medicine.

Abstract: A filiform corrosion-resistant primer coating composition for use in application to a metallic substrate, comprising a film forming component containing a film-forming resinous material and a hydrotalcite component, characterized in that the hydrotalcite component is a hydrotalcite solid solution represented by the following formula (1)[(Mg.sup.2+).sub.y1 (M.sup.2+) y2].sub.1-x M.sub.x.sup.3+ (OH).sub.2 A.sub.x/n.sup.n-.mH.sub.2 Owherein M.sup.2+ represents at least one divalent metal cation selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, Pb, Ca and Sr, M.sup.3+ represents a trivalent metal cation, A.sup.n- represents an anion having a valence of n, and x, y1, y2 and m represent positive numbers which satisfy the following conditions:0<x.ltoreq.0.5,0<y1,0<y2,0.5.ltoreq.y1+y2<1, and0.ltoreq.m<2,the amount of the hydrotalcite solid solution being 0.1 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the film-forming component.

Abstract: The surface of an aluminum conductor is roughened, for example, by blasting. A hydrophilic film such as a boehmite film, an anodic oxide film and a chemical conversion film is formed on the roughened surface. A protective film made of a wetting agent or a hydrophilic resin is formed on the hydrophilic film. The conductor may comprise a compressed aluminum conductor.

Abstract: A process and composition for producing colorless, cold-sealed, anodized aluminum or aluminum alloy surfaces. The composition comprises an aqueous solution containing nickel ions and a solution of at least one azo or azo metal dye, the colors imparted by the nickel ions and dye offsetting each other.

Abstract: Aluminum articles having porous anodic oxide films are given an exposure-resistant blue coloration by dipping them first in an aqueous solution of a phosphomolybdic acid or a silicomolybdic acid, and then in a solution of a strong reducing agent such as a stannous salt, and finally sealing the porous oxide film. The method is suitable for batch or continuous operation and useful to color bumpers for passenger cars.

Abstract: An aluminum conversion coating composition for aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The composition has as essential ingredients alkali metal permanganate, and alkali metal chloride, and a pH of 7 to less than 12.5. The composition may also contain a buffer, such as alkali metal tetraborate, alkali metal metaborate, benzoic acid, alkali metal benzoate, alkali metal carbonate and a mixture of the alkali metal tetra-and metaborates. I also provide a coating composition which contains alkali meal permanganate, an alkali metal silicate and a buffer. This silicate composition has a pH as high as 14. My compositions are effective for protecting the aluminum and aluminum alloys for sufficient hours in salt fog at 95.degree. F. according to standard ASTM method B-117.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition and method for producing a surface layer with a high specific surface on iron, aluminum, zinc, and on technical alloys of these metals. The composition provides an adhesive layer that may be subsequently used to securely bind other materials, and organic materials in particular, to the surface of the metal or alloy. The composition may be applied by spraying under pressure, by dipping, or as a paste at ambient temperatures. The composition is predominantly amorphous, and provides a uniform, stable, and economical method of priming metals for the reception of a final outer coating.

Abstract: A gas detector includes a gas detecting element comprised of a metal oxide semiconductor material which changes its value of electrical resistance at an elevated temperature when it absorbs a gas. In one form, the gas detecting element is supported in the form of a bridge so as to increase its response speed by making thermal capacity as small as possible. In another form, the gas detecting element is supported in the form a cantilever, more preferably in the form of a ring as formed along the periphery of a overhang portion of a disc-shaped layer of electrically insulating material. Also provided is a process for manufacturing a thin film of metal oxide, which may be advantageously used as a gas detecting element of a gas detector or a transparent electrode, for example, in a liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A method for imparting wettability to an aluminum heat exchanger comprises immersing the heat exchanger in an aqueous medium containing a silanol compound and polyvinyl pyrrolidone. If desired, the exchanger may be conversion coated or anodized prior to the immersion.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a novel heat exchanging vehicle comprising the steps of forming an inorganic surface layer over a cold rolled, aluminum or aluminum alloy sheet; treating the inorganic surface layer with a phosphoric compound solution; annealing the sheet; and forming the sheet into a predetermined shape. The resulting heat exchanging vehicle such as a fin has a good wettability and a high corrosion resistance to white rust based on the uniformity of the said surface layer.

Abstract: An aluminum conversion coating by coating composition for coating aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The composition has as an essential ingredient an alkaline metal permanganate and a pH of 7 to less than 12.5. The composition containing a buffer, such as alkaline metal tetraborate, is effective for protecting the aluminum and aluminum alloys for more than 168 hours in salt fog at 95.degree. F. according to standard ASTM method B-117. The process, of coating the aluminum or aluminum alloy is generally carried out by cleaning the aluminum or aluminum alloy with sodium hydroxide, hydrofluoric acid or borax and then coating with the permanganate composition.

Abstract: Preservatives for aluminum surfaces in the form of a polymer dispersion based on an acid-group-containing acrylate copolymer which is cross-linked with divalent metal salts, which contains plasticizers and surfactants, and which, optionally, contains oxidized polyethylene and/or a copolymer of styrene and maleic acid anhydride. The preservatives are suitable for the preserving aftertreatment of aluminum, particularly electrolytically oxidized aluminum.

Abstract: A coated metal or ceramic part having improved salt corrosion and oxidation resistance having a liquid binder which comprises phosphate ions and ions of the group of chromate or molybdate ions, and an atomized aluminum powder having an average particle size (as expressed in terms of the median equivalent spherical diameter (ESD)), that is greater than at least 15 .mu.m, and having a size distribution such that at least about 5% of the particles by weight are retained on a 325 mesh screen.

Abstract: A white or grayish white substance can be formed by dipping, in the first step, aluminum or an aluminum alloy having an anodically oxidized film in a first solution containing a specific salt or electrolyzing with said first solution, thereby causing the product from this salt to enter into the micropore of said film and then, in the subsequent second step, dipping the product from the first step in a second solution containing a substance which reacts with the product from the salt to be converted into a white or grayish white compound or electrolyzing with said second solution.

Abstract: A steel article which is made of carbon or low alloy steel, with a prescribed chemical composition, is heat treated so that its yield strength is increased to a minimum of 60,000 psi and is subsequently dipped or spray covered with aluminum and then heated to interdiffuse aluminum metal and the iron in the steel matrix, thereby forming a new intermetallic layer which is an integral part of the steel article and which is essentially an aluminum-iron alloy, all in a manner which does not lower the yield strength of the steel below 60,000 psi. In the preferred form of the invention, a steel article is austenitized above its critical temperature for about 15 minutes or more and is subsequently rapidly cooled to below 600.degree. F. to transform the austenite structure to a much stronger martensitic structure and is then reheated to below 1341.degree. F. to temper the martensite.

Abstract: A composition and process useful in forming films on the surface of aluminum or its alloys is disclosed. The composition is an aqueous solution containing an alkali metal, silicon, fluorine, zinc and iron. The film is an adherent hydrophilic corrosion resistant film useful as such and/or as a lubricating film in metal forming.

Abstract: A novel seal process for sealing the surface of anodically oxidized metals in which an aqueous solution containing a first and second compound wherein the first compound is a nickel salt and the second compound is a fluoride is contacted onto the anodized surface, while the surface is still wet from the anodizing process, at a temperature below 30.degree. C. The process is particularly suitable for use in the sealing of anodically oxidized aluminum surfaces, in addition to other anodically oxidized, colored or uncolored metal surfaces.

Abstract: Processes, bath compositions, concentrates for preparing the bath compositions, and a replenisher useful in the sealing of anodized aluminum and anodized aluminum alloys. The bath compositions contain nickel ion, fluoride ion, ammonium ion, and acetate ion.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy, a lithographic printing plate support, a lithographic printing plate using the aluminum alloy are disclosed. The aluminum alloy is comprised of aluminum containing 0.20 to 1.0% Fe and 0.005 to 0.1% of elements selected from the group consisting of Sn, In, Ga and Zn. The support composed by the aluminum alloy can be chemically etched with an acid and/or an alkali solution and after undergoing etching the surface of the support is uniformly etched. The uniformly etched surface may be provided with a subbing layer or an anode oxidation film. The support is coated with a light-sensitive layer and utilized as a lithographic printing plate.

Abstract: A low-titanium alloy steel foil having a cold rolled metallic aluminum hot-dip coated surface which is adapted for growing a thick surface coating of spine-like whiskers of aluminum oxide suitable for retaining a coating of a metallic catalyst, which is formable at room temperature without annealing, and which exhibits good resistance to oxidation at temperatures up to 1149.degree. C. (2100.degree. F.).

Abstract: A process for sealing an oxidized aluminium or aluminium alloy surface comprising sealing the surface in the presence of a sealing agent to hinder the formation of a smut layer, the agent being the reaction product of one or more sulphonated aromatic compounds with an aldehyde and/or dimethylolurea or a mixture of formaldehyde and urea. A novel composition comprising the reaction product above and a cobalt or nickel salt may also be used as the above mentioned sealing agent.

Abstract: A method for bonding a high temperature resistant polymeric material to an aluminum base substrate is disclosed using an alkaline bath comprising an alkali metal salt, an alkali metal carbonate and a water soluble salt of an alkaline earth metal selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium, strontium and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method of sealing the surface of an aluminum member, such as an aluminum foil, from the environment by first placing the foil in an H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 bath to form an oxide which normally will not provide a total seal of the aluminum from the environment and then placing the aluminum member with oxide thereon in an H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 bath to close the pores in the oxide layer and provide sealing of the aluminum from the environment. This process also passivates the silicon.

Abstract: The invention is an improved method for depositing a chromite coating onto a magnesium-containing material comprising:contacting the magnesium-containing material with a solution at least containing chromite ions and silicate ions for a time sufficient to deposit a corrosion resistant coating onto said magnesium-containing material;wherein the concentration of chromite ions in the solution is from about 0.2 to about 1.2 moles per liter; the concentration of silicate ions is from about 0.1 to about 0.3 moles per liter; the pH of the solution is from about 1 to about 5; and the temperature of the solution is from about 25.degree. C. to about 80.degree. C.

Abstract: A coating composite provides desirable corrosion resistance for substrate metals, as well as, enhanced torque control where desired. The undercoat of the composite can be metal in elemental form or can be exemplified by being chromium-containing, either in elemental or non-elemental form. The special topcoat composition, containing copolymer component and silicate substance in liquid medium, is applied directly to the undercoating. In addition to corrosion resistance and torque control, the composite provides the substrate metal with excellent heat, abrasion and solvent resistance. Before use, the special topcoating displays outstanding shelf stability.

Abstract: A process for sealing anodic oxide coating on aluminum and aluminum alloys wherein organic substances with hydrolyzable functional groups like organo-functional silanes react with water at room temperature forming a silantriolic compound [according to the reaction: R'-Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3 +3H.sub.2 O--R'-Si(OH).sub.3 ] which in turn reacts with the oxide coating forming a stable chemical bridge between silicon and metal thusly: ##STR1## Analogously the silantriol reacts with oxides of other metals such as Fe, Mn, Sn, and Cu commonly used for coloring, forming stable chemical bridges and therefore sealing the color.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for laminating plastics resin films to aluminum. The aluminum surface to be bonded is treated with a coating composition consisting essentially of an aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid or esters thereof and at least one acid selected from the group consisting of H.sub.2 ZrF.sub.6, H.sub.2 TiF.sub.6 and H.sub.2 SiF.sub.6. After this coating has dried, the plastics resin film is bonded to the aluminum, using dry laminating adhesives.

Abstract: Coatings of a powdered protective metallic material or refractory material and mixtures thereof are formed on a ferrous metal strip as a wet film dispersion in a resin binder composition of a synthetic organic resin and a volatile organic solvent compatible with said resin, and the coated strip is heated to effect curing said resin binder and forming a flexible non-tacky dry film. The metal strip having the cured dry film containing powdered protective metallic material can be subjected to varying heat treatments to provide a wide range of protective coatings having improved surface properties, including iron-protective metal diffusion alloy coatings, such as iron-aluminum diffusion alloy coatings having a surface concentration of aluminum between about 8 and about 10 wt. percent aluminum, which have improved high temperature oxidation resistance after being severely strained during fabrication at room temperature.

Abstract: Anodically oxidized aluminium or aluminium alloy surfaces are sealed in the presence of an anti-smut agent which is a colorless, light-fast, organic compound having a molecular weight of at least 350 and containing(i) at least one sulphonic acid group; and(ii) a carboxy group and a hydroxy group both aromatically bound and located ortho- to each other on the same aromatic ring, preferably a benzene ring.

Abstract: Acid cleaning of aluminum surfaces is accomplished employing a composition comprising hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric acid. More specifically, this invention relates to a composition and method for treating aluminum containers at low temperatures.