Abstract: There is provided a laminated nonwoven fabric having excellent sound absorbing performance in a low frequency range, the laminated nonwoven fabric having a skin layer and a base material layer, the skin layer having a nonwoven fabric A, the nonwoven fabric A having a density of 100 to 500 kg/m3, a thickness of 0.5 to 2.5 mm, and an air permeability of 4 to 40 cm3/cm2/s; and the base material layer having a nonwoven fabric B, the nonwoven fabric B having a basis weight of 200 to 500 g/m2 and a thickness of 5 to 40 mm.

Abstract: A hot-rolled steel sheet is cooled by jetting cooling water from spray nozzles to a steel sheet conveyance region in a width direction of the steel sheet conveyance region. The steel sheet conveyance region is a region that the hot-rolled steel sheet occupies on conveyor rolls, a pair of spray nozzles is arranged on both lateral sides in the width direction of the steel sheet conveyance region, and a plurality of spray nozzle pairs are aligned in a conveyance direction of the hot-rolled steel sheet. In regard to a collision region of cooling water jetted from the spray nozzle at the steel sheet conveyance region, a far end in a jet direction is positioned at an end of the steel sheet conveyance region, and a near end is positioned on an inner side of the steel sheet conveyance region. In the spray nozzle pair, the near ends of two collision regions coincide in the width direction to form a meeting.

Abstract: A quench system for applying cooling air to one or more hot metallic components that are supported on a component support having a substantially open construction. The quench system includes a housing having sidewalls that define a cooling chamber with peripheral portions proximate the sidewalls and a center portion spaced inwardly from the sidewalls. The quench system also includes a conveyance system that is configured to carry the component support into the center portion of the cooling chamber, as well as a forced air fan that generates a bulk flow of cooling air through the cooling chamber. The quench system further includes a plurality of nozzle baffles extending inwardly from the plurality of sidewalls to define a narrowing region within the housing between the forced air fan and the conveyance system, whereby, during operation of the fan, cooling air flowing through the peripheral portions of the cooling chamber is redirected into the center portion of the cooling chamber.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high-strength steel sheet including: C: 0.03 to 0.25 mass %, Si: 0.1 to 2.0 mass %, Mn: 0.5 to 3.0 mass %, P: not more than 0.05 mass %, T.O: not more than 0.0050 mass %, S: 0.0001 to 0.01 mass %, N: 0.0005 to 0.01 mass %, acid-soluble Al: more than 0.01 mass %, Ca: 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass %, and a total of at least one element of Ce, La, Nd, and Pr: 0.001 to 0.01 mass %, with a balance including iron and inevitable impurities, in which the steel sheet contains a chemical component on a basis of mass that satisfies 0.7<100×([Ce]+[La]+[Nd]+[Pr])/[acid-soluble Al]?70 and 0.

Abstract: Aqueous media for quenching metal substrates are provided and contain (i) a polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyvinylcaprolactam copolymer and (ii) one or more of a second polymer, which is selected from (a) a substituted oxazoline polymer; (b) a poly(oxyethylene-oxyalkylene) glycol; or (c) a polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer. The quenching bath provides reduced cooling rates through the martensite temperature ranges. Also provided are processes for quenching metal substrates using these quenching media.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for quenching a metal workload from an elevated heat treating temperature are disclosed. The process includes the step of flowing a vegetable oil quenchant over the metal workload to provide a cooling rate sufficient to transform the metal substantially completely to a desired second phase comprising martensite, bainite, pearlite, or a combination thereof within a preselected time period. The apparatus includes a quenching chamber that has a base, an upper housing, a door, and an associated actuator for opening and closing the quenching chamber. The apparatus also includes a vessel for holding a volume of a vegetable oil quenchant, means for conducting the vegetable oil quenchant from the vessel to the quenching chamber, and means disposed in the quenching chamber for flowing the vegetable oil quenchant over a metal workload disposed in the quenching chamber.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of cooling a hot-rolled steel strip which has passed through a finishing rolling, including: cooling the hot-rolled steel strip from a first temperature of not lower than 600° C. and not higher than 650° C. to a second temperature of not higher than 450° C. with cooling water having the water amount density of not lower than 4 m3/m2/min and not higher than 10 m3/m2/min, wherein with respect to the area of the target surface, the area of a portion where a plurality of spray jets of the cooling water directly strikes on the target surface is at least 80%.

Abstract: A cooling device and a cooling method for a hot strip allow uniform and stable cooling of the strip at a high cooling rate when supplying the coolant to the upper surface of the hot strip. The cooling device includes an upper header unit 21 for supplying a rod-like flow to the upper surface of the strip 10. The upper header unit 21 is formed of the first upper header group including plural first upper headers 21a arranged in a conveying direction and a second upper header group including plural second upper headers 21b arranged in the conveying direction. The cooling device is provided with an ON-OFF mechanism 30 to allow each of the upper headers 21a and 21b of the first and the second upper header groups to independently execute the ON-OFF control (start/end injection control) of an injection (feeding) of the rod-like flow.

Abstract: An improved quenching process is provided by supplying a secondary quenching tank with cooling medium from the pit of a forging press. Only heated, but unprocessed, billets are quenched in the secondary quench tank. The cooling medium from the pit of the forging press is not as clean as fresh water, but because the billets will be reheated, forged and quenched later with a fresh or conditioned cooling medium, the secondary tank quenching medium quality is not restrictive.

Abstract: Quenching fluid composition comprising one or more additives and a saturated base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. “K” expressed in centistokes and a viscosity index “I” wherein I is greater than 120 and K greater than 2 cSt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for cooling a hot steel plate which is processed and constrained by constraining rolls and a method of arranging and setting spray nozzles enabling uniform cooling in a direction perpendicular to processing. In the apparatus and method of the invention, the spray nozzles are arranged so that a value of n power of the impact pressure of the cooling water on the cooling surface integrated in the processing direction between pairs of constraining rolls becomes within ?20% of the highest value in the direction perpendicular to processing, where 0.05?n?0.2.

Abstract: A quenching oil for reduced pressure quenching which comprises a base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 40 mm2/s or more and a vapor blanket breaking agent; and a method for quenching wherein the quenching oil is used and quenching is carried out while adjusting the pressure on the surface of the oil. The method allows the achievement of cooling characteristics over a wide range from those conventionally achieved by a cold oil to those by a hot oil, by the use of a single quenching oil.

Abstract: A method of cooling both surfaces of steel plate, which stably secures precision of cooling control from a start of cooling to an end so as to uniformly cool the top and bottom surfaces of the steel plate and thereby stably secures the steel plate quality and cools the steel plate down to a target temperature with a good precision. The method comprises dividing a steel plate cooling region into at least a spray impact part region and a spray non-impact part region, predicting a heat transfer coefficient for each divided region in advance, computing a predicted temperature history of the steel plate based on this predicted value, and setting and controlling amounts of sprayed coolant on the spray impact part regions by top and bottom surface nozzles.

Abstract: Provided is a quenching method capable of producing quenched articles having little distortion and having a desired hardness. The quenching method with a coolant is specifically so controlled that the surface of the quenching bath is kept under pressure all the time throughout the step of cooling the articles being processed therein.

Abstract: The technique of the invention manufactures a gas storage tank, which includes a gas absorbent/adsorbent and is capable of storing a high-pressure gas. The manufacturing process of a hydrogen storage tank first assembles a heat exchanger unit and packs the particles of hydrogen storage alloy into the heat exchanger unit. The manufacturing process then blocks hydrogen storage alloy filling holes used for packing the hydrogen storage alloy in the heat exchanger unit and attaches a detachable cover member to a hydrogen inlet. The manufacturing process subsequently locates the heat exchange unit filled with the hydrogen storage alloy in a cylindrical tank and narrows both ends of the tank to form joint openings. The manufacturing process then heat-treating the tank under water cooling and detaches the cover member. The manufacturing process attaches joint assemblies to the joint openings and forms a reinforcement layer around the outer circumference of the tank to complete the hydrogen storage tank.

Abstract: A heat treatment oil composition comprising a mixed base oil containing 50-95 weight % of (A) a low viscosity base oil with kinematic viscosity of 5-60 mm2/s at 40° C., and 50-5 weight % of (B) a high viscosity base oil with kinematic viscosity of more than 300 mm2/s at 40° C. is proposed. By the use of this heat treatment oil composition for hardening of metallic material, it enables to generate little cooling unevenness, to assure the hardness of hardening processed product, and to reduce quenching distortion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for cooling a steel plate comprising the steps of: forming a water pool with jets of cooling water being injected to impinge on one another by using one slit-nozzle and a plurality of induced laminar flow nozzles, the slit nozzle being provided in a position on an upper surface side of the steel plate, and the induced laminar flow nozzles being provided in a position on a lower surface side of the steel plate along a transfer direction and a direction perpendicular to the transfer direction; and passing the steel plate into the water pool, wherein when a top portion of the steel plate passes over the induced laminar flow nozzles located at least on the side of highest upstream, a volume of the cooling water to be injected from each of the induced laminar flow nozzles is reduced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for grain refining of steel. A grain refining alloy having a composition FeXY where X is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Si, Ni, and Mo and where Y is one or more oxide and/or sulphide and or nitride and/or carbide forming elements selected from the group consisting of Ce, La, Nd, Pr, Ti, Al, Zr, Ca, Ba, Sr, Mg, C and N where X is between 0.001 and 99% by weight based on the weight of the alloy and where Y is between 0.001 and 50% by weight of the alloy, said alloy additionally containing between 0.001 and 2% by weight of oxygen and/or between 0.001 and 2% by weight of sulphur, said alloy containing at least 103 inclusion particles per mm3 consisting of oxides and/or sulphides and/or carbides and/or nitrides of one or more of the Y elements and/or one or more of the X elements Cr, Mn and Si in addition to Fe, said inclusion particles having a mean diameter of less than 10 ?m, is added to molten steel in an amount of between 0.

Abstract: A method of austempering of steel parts is described. The steel parts are initially austenitized and subsequently quenched to a start temperature which is higher than the martensite start temperature. Then the steel parts are subjected to a first isothermal holding at the start temperature for a first time period. Subsequently the steel parts are held for a second isothermal time period at a finish temperature which is higher than the start temperature. The method described is particularly well suited for rapid austempering of steel parts, a pure bainitic structure being achievable, and the core hardness of the steel parts obtained being settable via the start temperature, the finish temperature, the duration of the first time period, and the duration of the second time period.

Abstract: A process of production of a compressor shoe superior in durability and reduced in manufacturing cost, wherein a process of quenching the shoe is performed in a vacuum, inert gas, or modified gas so as to prevent oxidation of the chrome and manganese of the surface of the material or the quenching process is performed after forming an antioxidation film on the surface of the material to prevent the oxidation of the chrome and manganese.

Abstract: A steel workpiece maintained at a specified quenching temperature is rapidly cooled to a temperature just above the martensite transformation start point (Ms point) by being immersed in a high-temperature quenching oil. Thereafter, the steel workpiece is taken out of the high-temperature quenching oil so as to be soaked by the heat possessed by the steel workpiece and subsequently cooled by being immersed in the high-temperature quenching oil. Through these processes, a temperature difference between steel workpieces or the portions of a steel workpiece in the martensite transformation stage is reduced, and a cooling speed in a high-temperature region (not lower than about 550° C.) is made to be a slow speed sufficient for restraining a thermal distortion, by which the quenching distortion and quenching variation can be reduced.

Abstract: A processing apparatus forms a metallic material such as steel. The apparatus includes a heating tub, spray nozzles, a cooling tub, and a circulator. The heating tub heats the steel to equal to or higher than the modification point of the steel. The spray nozzles cool the steel processed by the heating tub to lower than the modification point, by contacting liquid metal sodium onto the steel. The cooling tub stores the liquid metal sodium, soaks the steel processed by the spray nozzles, and cools the steel. The circulator 20 circulates the liquid metal sodium so that the liquid metal sodium flows in the same direction as the steel in the cooling tub 3.

Abstract: A steel workpiece maintained at a specified quenching temperature is rapidly cooled to a temperature just above the martensite transformation start point (Ms point) by being immersed in a high-temperature quenching oil. Thereafter, the steel workpiece is taken out of the high-temperature quenching oil so as to be soaked by the heat possessed by the steel workpiece and subsequently cooled by being immersed in the high-temperature quenching oil. Through these processes, a temperature difference between steel workpieces or the portions of a steel workpiece in the martensite transformation stage is reduced, and a cooling speed in a high-temperature region (not lower than about 550° C.) is made to be a slow speed sufficient for restraining a thermal distortion, by which the quenching distortion and quenching variation can be reduced.

Abstract: A quenching apparatus and a method for hardening steel parts is disclosed. The method optimizes cooling conditions preventing the occurrence of film boiling and the “self-regulated thermal process” while optimizing the depth of the hardened layer and providing increased strength for the steel part. The optimum depth of hardening is considered to be when the surface compressive stresses on the part are at their maximum value and depth. In addition, “maximum” steel strength is achieved when the cooling rate of the part is above a certain minimum level. However, additional strengthening of the part occurs when the rate of cooling avoids both film boiling and subsequent nucleate boiling, and cooling of the part proceeds directly into the convection cooling process. At the end of the quenching process, some steel parts may benefit from isothermal cooling in air, i.e., self tempering.

Abstract: A swage mount including a base plate having a first side and a second side. A hub extends from the first side of said base plate with the hub having an aperture therethrough. The second side of the base plate is mounted on either the actuator arm or the load beam so that the aperture of the hub is in registration with a swage opening disposed in the actuator arm or the load beam. The hub is inserted in the swage opening of the other of the actuator arm or load beam thereby forming an interference fit therebetween. The swage mount is surface hardened by gas carburizing, bead blasting or tumbling thereby increasing the torque retention value of the interference fit.

Abstract: A variable rate quench system allows the cooling of a heated workpiece to be controlled more closely. A liquid quenchant used in the system has an initial temperature, density and heat extraction index. The system comprises a first tank containing the liquid quenchant and to receive the workpiece and a second tank communicated to the first tank. The first tank has a means for agitating the liquid quenchant around the workpiece and a supply of make-up liquid quenchant communicated thereto. The second tank has a slurry of a non-liquid solid phase quenchant modifier and a means for selectively controlling addition of the slurry to the first tank. A real time data acquisition system acquires and analyzes temperature, density and agitation rate of the liquid quenchant, calculates an instantaneous heat extraction index of the liquid quenchant and compares the difference between the calculated index and a predetermined ideal index. Corrective action to minimize the difference is then taken.

Abstract: A profiled rolling stock, in particular a running rail or railroad track made of an iron-based alloy, is provided. The alloy contains silicon plus aluminum below 0.99 wt. % of the rolling stock. A structure in the cross section is formed, at least partially, by isothermic structural transformation due to accelerated cooling from the austenite region of the alloy to a lower intermediary phase temperature and holding. Transformation preferably occurs between the martensite transformation point of the alloy a temperature 250.degree. C. over the martensite transformation point Ms.

Abstract: A method of quenching a metal object having steps of: (a) providing a liquid coolant having a temperature from about 100.degree. F. to about 180.degree. F. and containing about 0.01 to about 0.1 standard cubic feet of carbon dioxide gas per gallon of water dissolved therein; and (b) spraying the liquid coolant on the metal object to quench the metal object.

Abstract: A process for selectively hardening a forged track chain link has the following steps. A forged track chain link having a pad portion, a rail portion, a first side portion and a second side portion, is provided. A quench tank is provided and adapted for spraying one or more of the track chain link portions with a quenchant at a controlled amount of quenchant flow rates, quenchant pressures and quench times. One or more of the track chain link portions are sprayed with the quenchant at a controlled amount of one or more of a plurality of quenchant flow rates, a plurality of quenchant pressures and a plurality of quench times. The pad and rail portions are simultaneously hardened to predetermined respective hardnesses.

Abstract: A method for thermally conditioning a disc drive swage mount to enhance torque retention capability and plate stiffness wherein the swage mount is baked in an oxygen depleted environment to an elevated temperature within a predetermined range of temperatures which activates inherent frictional properties therein and controllably cooled non-linearly through a series of thermal cycles then instantaneously quenched to alter the material grain structure forming the swage mount. After the component is quenched, it is returned to ambient conditions for assembly into such disc drives.

Abstract: A method for quenching hot metals especially iron steel or copper with a quenching fluid comprising a major proportion of an organic phosphate ester. The preferred esters are trialkyl phosphates and tri(alkyl phenyl) phosphates. The quenched article may exhibit improved anti-wear properties.

Abstract: A method of quenching metals, in particular steel alloys includes treatment of the article being quenched in a boiling aqueous solution of sodium tetraborate, with gas being additionally introduced into the quench bath. The supply of gas enables a continuous operation in a wide range of application and avoids the use of conventional less environmentally friendly quenching media (oils).

Abstract: Cooling of a workpiece is conducted at selected workpiece locations in accordance with predetermined heat flux, at the locations, required to result in a desired workpiece cooling rate for workpiece integrity, microstructure and mechanical properties. A cooling fluid is controlled to follow the workpiece surface according to preselected cooling fluid convective cooling parameters including, but not limited to, cooling fluid direction, mass flow rate, and velocity at the selected locations.

Abstract: The spray unit lies downstream, in-line with an extrusion press and serves to cool metallic sections in particular sections of aluminum or an aluminum alloy from all sides. The cooling medium emerges from spray nozzles program-controlled in the direction of the section. The distance, the cross-section distribution and the direction of the spray nozzles are adapted specific to the geometrical shape and distribution of mass in the section. The optimum parameters are determined and stored in the unit processor. The spray nozzles are arranged in nozzle beams running in the direction of the extruded section. The nozzle beams comprise at least one longitudinal water channel and two longitudinal air channels, whereby cross-intersecting channels branch off from the water channels to the spray nozzles and the air channels terminate in air gaps which are directed towards the nozzle outlets.

Abstract: A high strength, high toughness Cr-W-V ferritic steel composition suitable for fast induced-radioactivity (FIRD) decay after irradiation in a fusion reactor comprises 2.5-3.5 wt % Cr, 2.This invention was made with Government support under contract DE-AC05-840R21400 awarded by the U.S. Department of Energy to Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. and the Government has certain rights in this invention.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel metallic composition and method of using the same. More particularly, the invention affords a tool steel and a method of heat treating the tool steel. In one of the preferred embodiments the tool steel includes about 0.50 to about 0.65 percent by weight carbon, about 0.090 to about 1.45 percent by weight manganese, up to about 0.030 percent by weight phosphorus, about 0.035 to about 0.070 percent by weight sulfur, about 1.10 to about 1.90 percent by weight chromium, about 0.15 to about 0.40 percent by weight nickel and about 0.20 to about 0.40 percent by weight copper. In one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention the tool steel is heat treated utilizing a heat treatment schedule that includes the steps of a preheat, austenization and a double temper.

Abstract: A mining and construction bit body is composed of a Mn-B steel alloy composition. The alloy content of the composition in percents by weight includes: carbon, 0.33-0.38; manganese, 1.10-1.35; boron, 0.0005 minimum; silicon 0.15-0.30; sulfur, 0.045 maximum; and phosphorus, 0.035 maximum. The composition has a minimum hardenability of 47 Rockwell C at the Jominy 6/16 position and a maximum as-rolled hardness of 22 Rockwell C such that without anneal the composition meets hardenability and machinability requirements that make it useful for fabricating mining and construction bit bodies of all sizes.