Abstract: A method is disclosed for the preparation of very small particle size, relatively pure 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB). Particles of TATB prepared according to the disclosed method are of submicron size and have a surface area in the range from about 3.8 to 27 square meters per gram.

Abstract: A universal pyrotechnical percussion compositions used in rimfire ammunition and in cenerfire ammunition primers which is free of lead and other heavy metals. In the PCC of the present invention, the task of maintaining ecological purity of its burning products, absence of corrosion action on a barrel, increased shelf-life, with simultaneous increase of energetic parameters of primer and ballistic characteristics of a shot is achieved. The composition includes a base mixture of diazodinitrophenol, tetrazene and an inert organic or glass stablizer. To this base mixture, monopotassium styphnate or potassium dinitrobenzofuroxane is added. The mixture so created has a specific gravity of less than 1.7 grams per cubic centimeter.

Abstract: A lead-free, heavy-metal free rim-fire priming composition consisting essentially of diazodinitrophenol (DDNP) as a primary explosive, a low percentage of a secondary sensitization explosive (tetracene), with a high percentage of abrasive (ground glass) and a very low percentage of an effective lead-free, heavy-metal-free oxidizer. A strong binder is added to aid in the installation and retention of the composition within the rim of the casings. A dye is also included for the sole purpose of facilitating visual inspection within the casing after installation of the composition within the rim. The high percentage by weight of the ground glass (46-60%) in combination with DDNP is of principal importance. The preferred mix is comprised of 29.8% of DDNP, 4.0 tetracene, 57.0% ground glass, and 7.5% potassium nitrate with 1.5% gum tragacanth added as a binder and 0.2% Prussian Blue as a dye.

Abstract: A multi-step process for producing DNT employing a mononitration step in a single liquid phase at an elevated temperature using a carefully controlled amount of water, followed by a phase separation step prior to dinitration of the MNT present in the resulting organic phase. This process results in a DNT product with a desired isomer ratio of 2,4-DNT to 2,6-DNT and provide relatively fast nitration rates with less by-products.

Abstract: A castable explosive composition consisting essentially of about 50 to 90 weight percent tungsten powder, about 3 to 40 weight percent of a high energy explosive, about 3 to 16 weight percent of an energetic binder, and about 2 to 10 weight percent aluminum powder. The aluminum powder acts as a processing aid, virtually eliminating tungsten settling.

Abstract: A granular explosive is obtained by mixing porous prill ammonium nitrate having an average particle size of 0.5 to 3.0 mm with a liquid aromatic dinitro compound and optionally a metal powder. Explosives having high sensitivity and power can be obtained by a simple and easy process.

Abstract: In the production of spherulitic nitroguanidine having a high bulk and tap ensity nitroguanidine is dissolved in dipolar, aprotic solvents, e.g. DMF, DMSO, NMP, etc., by heating to above the saturation temperature t.sub.s and the supersaturated solution is cooled with a controlled temperature gradient (.degree.C./min), crystallization being assisted by the addition of particulate, spherulitic material. In order to obtain spherical nitroguanidine with high yield in a continuous process and with mother liquor reuse, during the heating to above the saturation temperature t.sub.s, spherical control particles with a diameter of 5 to 500 .mu.m are regularly added to the solution in a quantity of 0.05 to 5.00 mass %. The particle size is chosen in such a way that, as a function of the solution behaviour of the nitroguanidine used and its concentration, on dropping below the saturation temperature spherical control particles are still present in the indicated quantity in the supersaturated solution.

Abstract: High solids pressable explosive compositions containing a liquid energetic polymer and a high performance explosive oxidizer are disclosed. The pressable explosive compositions contain a solids content between 91 and 99 weight percent, with an energetic polymer content less than 9 weight percent. The energetic polymer has a weight average molecular weight greater than 10,000, determined using a polystyrene standard, sufficient to use the polymer precipitation technique in preparing the pressable explosive compositions. Chain-extended PGN (polyglycidyl nitrate) is a preferred energetic polymer. The pressable explosives disclosed herein produce extremely high detonation pressure, high detonation velocity, and excellent metal accelerating capability.

Abstract: A nontoxic primer mix for use in a percussive primer, especially of the Boxer type which principally comprises diazodinitrophenol, iron oxide and boron. The composition may also contain a nitrate ester as a fuel, and tetrazene as a secondary explosive.

Abstract: An explosive composition is derived from a non-aqueous emulsion of a solution of a self-explosive dispersed as the discontinuous phase (D-phase) throughout a continuous phase (C-phase) which is substantially immiscible with the D-phase. The emulsion is prepared by dropping the solution of self-explosive into a dispersion of surfactant or emulsifier in fuel, at a temperature high enough to prevent precipitation of the self-explosive from solution. Upon cooling and aging, the emulsion becomes a pourable or pumpable mass which gradually is destabilized. Upon destabilization and recrystallization in a cavity, a mass of crystals of self-explosive becomes shaped to the cavity.

Abstract: A gas-generating mixture for rescue and air bag systems, as well as for ret and tubular weapon drive systems comprises high nitrogen, low carbon fuels GZT, TAGN, NG or NTO, the cold and fast burning oxidizer Cu(NO.sub.3).sub.2 *3Cu(OH).sub.2 and a catalyst for reducing pollutant gases, accelerating the reaction and cooling formed by a pyrophoric metal or a pyrophoric alloy on a carrier.

Abstract: Gas-generating mixtures for rescue and air bag systems, as well as rocket d tubular weapon drive systems comprise high nitrogen and low carbon fuels GZT, TAGN, NG or NTO catalysts for pollutant gas reduction/reaction acceleration of V.sub.2 O.sub.5 /McO.sub.3 mixed oxides and/or oxide mixtures, the oxidizer Cu(NO.sub.3).sub.2 *3Cu(OH).sub.2, which permits a cold, rapid combustion and optionally the additional coolant Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, which has further oxidizer characteristics.

Abstract: A non-toxic primer composition comprising a dinitrobenzofuroxan salt, oxidizer and a relatively high proportion of friction agent. A typical set of components are KDNBF with KNO.sub.3 and ground glass.

Abstract: The use of 4,10-dinitro-2,6,8,12-tetraoxa-4,10-diazatetrocyclo[5.5.0.0.sup.5,9 0.sup.3,11 ]-dodecane as the major explosive ingredient in compositions useful in high performance, low sensitivity explosive applications is disclosed.

Abstract: An energetic composition comprising the following components in the following relative proportions:Component A: from 5% to 25% by weight of a polymeric binder;Component B: from 65% to 90% by weight of a highly energetic filler comprising at least one heteroalicyclic nitramine compound; andComponent C: from 1% to 15% by weight of a plasticiser which comprises at least one nitroaromatic compound; the percentages by weight of Components A, B and C adding to 100%.

Abstract: A non-toxic primer composition for center-fire cartridges which provides improved ballistic data and is void of metallic oxidizing compounds. It is comprised of a mixture of about 10-30% by weight of nitrocellulose and/or a double based propellant such as Hercules Fines, approximately 30-75% by weight of two percussion-sensitive compounds such as DDNP and tetracene, and approximately 10-30% by weight of calcium silicide. The mixture provides improved propellant ignition and non-toxic ignition products, and minimizes misfires in that it contains no hygroscopic compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to melt cast explosives, propellants or pyrotechnics which contain a nitrated energetic material such as trinitrotoluene, a desensitizer such as wax or petroleum oil and an alkylated polyvinylpyrrolidone emulsifying agent.

Abstract: An exploding foil initiator for operation with perforating gun assemblies or other equipment placed in a well borehole is set forth. This device utilizes a foil bridge adjacent to a flyer layer and a barrel having a central bore. When the foil bridge is vaporized, a disk is cut by the bore, and is directed through the bore of the barrel, traveling at a high velocity to deliver impact against a secondary explosive. The secondary explosive is formed of BRX explosive which is a pellet of explosive material of 1,3,5-trinitro-2,4,6-tripicrylbenzene. Detonation is accomplished with a high voltage, high current pulse of substantial voltage amplitude of about 1100 to not more than about 2000 volts.

Abstract: 5-ureido-1,3-diamino-2,4-6-trinitrobenzene, ##STR1## which is prepared by reacting 5-fluoro-1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene with urea.

Abstract: Processes and systems for combining multiple units of a biological fluid in independent containers into a single container are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making cast 60/40 RDX/TNT explosives in which RDX is admixed in TNT to form a safer and more effective explosive mixture. The method includes the steps of admixing a latex emulsion with RDX in an amount sufficient to at least partially coat the RDX with the latex, and removing excess moisture from the admixture. The coated explosive is added to the TNT to form a casting mixture and thereafter solidified to form the 60/40 explosive. In a preferred embodiment, the latex is selected from polyethlyene latexes, polyurethane latexes and acrylic latexes.

Abstract: Combustible cartridge shells have cylindrical walls formed of combustible material. The walls comprise one or more wraps or windings of textile fibers, which are bound together with bonding agents having propellant charge characteristics. The bonding agents comprise either a mixture of polymers and explosives with decomposition temperatures above 180.degree. C. or a mixture of polymeric nitro-aromatic compounds which have two or more nitro groups per aromatic nucleus and also have a decomposition temperature above 180.degree. C. Mixtures of these two bonding agents may also be used to form the cylindrical wall of the combustible cartridge shell. The cartridge shells have inherently stable walls with a high mechanical resistance and are unaffected by changes in temperature up to 240.degree. C. Advantageously, these shells burn practically free of any residuals.

Abstract: A nitrate ester which is 1,3-diamino-5-(hydroxyethylaminonitrate)-2,4,6-titrobenzene or 3-amino-3'-(hydroxyethylaminonitrate)-2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexanitrobiphenyl.

Abstract: A nontoxic primer mix for use in a percussive primer, especially of the Boxer type which principally comprises diazodinitrophenol and boron. The composition may also contain calcium carbonate or strontium nitrate as an oxidizer, a nitrate ester as a fuel, and tetrazene as a secondary explosive.

Abstract: An improvement when 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane is preed by nitrolysis of 1,3,5,7-tetraacyl-1,3,5,7-tetraazaceyloctane with a solution of nitric acid and nitrogen pentoxide or phosphorous pentoxide. This improved process herein before set forth produces 99% yield and purity of product.

Abstract: 1-(n)-acetyl-3,5,7-trinitrocyclotetramethylenetetramine is prepared by nilysis of 1,3,5,7-tetracyl-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane with a solution of nitric acid and nitrogen pentoxide or phosphorous pentoxide.

Abstract: In a low energy fuse, the reactive composition on the inner wall of the tubing is substantially free of a metal fuel or quasi metal fuel and comprises a particulate secondary high explosive and a gas generating non-explosive particulate solid selected from barium peroxide, barium nitrate, potassium permanganate, potassium chloride or sodium azide. The gas generating solid renders the fuse safer for use in an inflammable or incendive atmosphere such as a coal mine.

Abstract: A method for producing a caseless propellant charge is disclosed wherein a polynitro polymer having an aromatic or heterocyclic ring is employed as a binder with a solvent and a propellant to produce an admixture and the admixture is molded into a shaped charge body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing, by means of working, mixing and homogenizing, castable explosive substances of high viscosity containing crystalline and/or particulate explosives and, if appropriate, other action-enhancing additives and such small quantities of binder and other viscosity-reducing agents that the mixture in the unworked state virtually feels like and behaves like a dry powder. In order to achieve the desired working, mixing and homogenizing, use is made of an arrangement which is known per se.

Abstract: An explosive composition having a combination of a principal explosive, which is relatively insensitive to initiation of detonation, two mesh fractions of a sensitizing explosive which is relatively sensitive to initiation of detonation, a critical diameter additive which lowers the critical diameter of the composition, and a binder, demonstrates the ability to achieve steady-state detonation after deliberate initiation of detonation. The composition is further characterized by low sensitivity to accidental detonation by external influences, and favorable mechanical and processability properties.A method of making an explosive composition of this type by adjusting the amount of critical diameter additive and testing the composition is also described.

Abstract: A chemically sensitized dry explosive is provided, which can be used as a blasting agent, per se, or can be used in the production of a wide variety of explosive compositions. The compositions are typically manufactured from an unstable emulsion explosive and have a chemical sensitizer in either the continuous or discontinuous phase. The compositions are characterized in that they comprise 5 to 30% water in the discontinuous phase after crystallization of the composition.

Abstract: An explosive composition is described which is castable without voids and is stable between -65.degree. F. and 165.degree. F. The composition consists of 2,4,6 trinitrotoluene dissolved in a cross-linked low molecular weight polymer. The polymer is preferably a hydroxyl telomerized polyol cross-linked with a polyisocyanate. Both the polyol and the polyisocyanate should have the molecular weight of no more than about 1000.

Abstract: A method for preparing 2,6-bis(picrylamino)-3,5-dinitropyridine (PYX) which includes the steps of first dissolving crystalline PYX in a primary solvent in which the solvent used is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, dimethylformamide, methylsulfoxide or mixtures thereof. The primary solvent system is then combined with a second solvent in which the PYX is substantially insoluble, but which, in admixture with the primary solvent, forms a true solution of the PYX, referred to as the secondary solution. A third solvent is then added to the binary solvent system, which third solvent is soluble with the binary solvent system but which promotes precipitation of PYX in a form which exhibits improved characteristics as an explosive.

Abstract: This invention illustrates a new compound, octanitrobenzidine. It is utild as a new high energy explosive compound. Octanitrobenzidine is formed by dissolving a tetrqanitrobenzidine with sulfuric acid in the presence of a metal sulfate catalyst. This reaction mixture is further reacted with nitric and sulfuric acid at a temperature sufficient to complete the reaction, then rapidly cooled, and octanitrobenzidine is recovered.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water-in-oil emulsion explosive compositions comprising a discontinuous aqueous phase, a continuous water-immiscible organic phase, and an emulsifier content being at least 45% by weight of the emulsified fuel phase which decreases precompression or dead pressing.

Abstract: Thermostability, age stability, and ignition property at low temperatures of a W/O type emulsion explosive are remarkably improved by incorporating a chelating agent in the W/O type emulsion explosive.

Abstract: A liquid explosive composition having a density of about 1.282 grams/millter and comprising a mixture of (a) nitromethane, (b) trinitrotoluene, and (c) pyridine. Said ingredients being present in a weight ratio of about 60-64 parts nitromethane; 34-29.5 parts trinitrotoluene; and 6-6.5 parts pyridine.

Abstract: An explosive with maximum energy yield for warheads and solid rocket propellants comprises a high-energy secondary explosive with inorganic perchlorate and metal component with a high affinity for oxygen as well as desensitizing and binding agents. The oxygen balance sheet of the secondary explosive is balanced by the perchlorate component approximately to provide a complete reaction to give carbon dioxide and water.Those explosive gases are reduced by the metal component, supplying energy, in accordance with the requirements made on the explosive.

Abstract: A method for preparing 2,6-bis(picrylamino)-3,5-dinitropyridine (PYX) which includes the steps of first dissolving crystalline PYX in a primary solvent in which the solvent used is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, dimethylformamide, methylsulfoxide or mixtures thereof. The primary solvent system is then combined with a second solvent in which the PYX is substantially insoluble, but which, in admixture with the primary solvent, forms a true solution of the PYX, referred to as the secondary solution. A third solvent is then added to the binary solvent system, which third solvent is soluble with the binary solvent system but which promotes precipitation of PYX in a form which exhibits improved characteristics as an explosive.

Abstract: 2,4,6,2',4',6'-Hexanitro-3,5,3',5'-tetrachloroazobenzene, a new, high melting explosive is prepared by the simultaneous nitration and oxidation of 3,5-dichloroaniline in strong or fuming sulfuric acid using fuming nitric acid or potassium nitrate as both oxidizing and nitrating agent. Under these conditions nitric acid or potassium nitrate is expected to be a nitrating agent only, and oxidation of the amino group is not expected.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new explosive compound which is an associated compound of ammonium nitrate and glycine and also includes explosive composition containing this compound.The compound ANGC is prepared by a crystallization process preferably effected by cooling a melt or saturated solution containing ammonium nitrate and glycine.ANGC is especially advantageous as an ingredient of low water content emulsion explosive compositions.

Abstract: A water-in-oil emulsion explosive having a high resistance against dead pressing is obtained by adding a cushioning medium having a high impact energy-absorbing property to a water-in-oil emulsion explosive containing a continuous phase consisting of a carbonaceous fuel, a disperse phase consisting of an aqueous solution of inorganic oxidizer salt and an emulsifier.

Abstract: This invention provides a solid explosive composition comprising a low-water content melt-in-fuel emulsion when prepared at elevated temperature which solidifies on cooling. The emulsion comprises a continuous phase containing water immiscible fuel and emulsifier and a discontinuous phase containing oxidizer salt. A particulate material effective as a nucleating agent is incorporated in the composition to reduce supercooling of the discontinuous phase and to accelerate crystallization of the oxidizer salt.The particulate nucleating agent is preferably colloidal solid particles for example silica or an insoluble salt of aluminium, calcium or barium, which salt may optionally be formed in situ by a double decomposition reaction.The presence of the nucleating agent to accelerate crystallization of the oxidizer enhances the proportion of discrete droplets which remain totally encapsulated in the solidified composition and enables solid products to be obtained from relatively low melting oxidizer salts melts.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for producing composite explosives of the type hexotonal and octonal by the intermediary of a two-stage wet granulation process comprising a first granulation stage for producing primary granules of a certain amount of TNT (the primary TNT) suspended in water, together with other desired components in the explosive, with the exception of the aluminum powder, which, in its turn, is mixed into the remaining amount of secondary TNT in order thereafter, in a secondary granulation stage, to be added to the mixing water with the primary granules suspended therein, for a successive build-up of their surface layer.

Abstract: An emulsion explosive comprising substantially an immiscible discontinuous oxidizer-phase dispersed throughout a continuous fuel phase with a modifier comprising hydrophilic and lipophilic moieties wherein the hydrophilic moiety comprises a carboxylic acid group or a group capable of hydrolyzing to a carboxylic acid, the lipophilic moiety is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, and wherein the emulsion composition pH is above 4.5.

Abstract: A water-in-oil emulsion is disclosed which comprises:(A) a continuous oil phase;(B) a discontinuous aqueous phase;(C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one salt derived from (C)(I) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derivative of said acid or anhydride, the hydrocarbyl substituent of (C)(I) having an average of from about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms, and (C)(II) at least one amine; and(D) a functional amount of at least one water-soluble, oil-insoluble functional additive dissolved in said aqueous phase; with the proviso that when component (D) is ammonium nitrate, component (C) is other than an ester/salt formed by the reaction of polyisobutenyl (Mn=950) succinic anhydride with diethylethanolamine in a ratio of one equivalent of anhydride to one equivalent of amine.

Abstract: Explosive compositions based on TNT (trinotrotoluene) having incorporated therein as desensitizer an ozokerite wax.

Abstract: The disclosure primarily relates to a method of phlegmatizing crystalline or otherwise particulate explosive substances or compositions in which these are included, by first coating the discrete particles with a thin layer of oxazolin wax in order thereafter to carry out a conventional wet-granulation with a true phlegmatization agent or a binder agent, such as one of the wax types included under different explosive standards or a plastic composition. The invention also concerns products manufactured according to said method.

Abstract: A priming method for rimfire cartridges is disclosed in which a propellant solution is disposed adjacent a centrifugally located primer material in a rimfire cartridge. The solvent is then evaporated to leave a propellant film near the primer material in order to provide slower, more uniform ignition to thereby allow use of propellant powders which would otherwise be too fast or too sensitive.

Abstract: A novel diol, 1,3-Bis-2(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene has been syesized by the reaction of 1,3-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene with formaldehyde. The novel diol can be converted to a dinitrate and to a diazide which are both useful as explosives or as propellants.