Containing Hydrazine Or Hydrazine Derivative Patents (Class 149/36)
  • Patent number: 10413449
    Abstract: An oxygen-generating wound dressing is provided. The oxygen-generating wound dressing comprises a housing and a wound contacting layer. The interior of the housing comprises a barrier member to divide the housing into a reactant receptacle and a wound contacting layer receptacle. The reactant receptacle of the housing further comprises a first reactant receptacle, a second reactant receptacle, a check valve disposed between the first reactant receptacle and the second reactant receptacle, a flow regulating device disposed on the second reactant receptacle and a gas deliver tube for fluidly communicating the first reactant receptacle and the wound contacting layer receptacle. The entrance speed of the second reactant into the first reactant receptacle can be controlled by the flow regulating device. The oxygen partial pressure can be maintained preferably and the wound healing can be improved by using the oxygen-generating wound dressing of the present invention.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 3, 2017
    Date of Patent: September 17, 2019
    Assignee: BenQ Materials Corporation
    Inventors: Yu-Hong Chen, Shih-Wei Chao
  • Patent number: 9908823
    Abstract: Energetic compositions and methods of forming components from the compositions are provided. In one embodiment, a composition includes aluminum, molybdenum trioxide, potassium perchlorate, and a binder. In one embodiment, the binder may include a silicone material. The materials may be mixed with a solvent, such as xylene, de-aired, shaped and cured to provide a self-supporting structure. In one embodiment, one or more reinforcement members may be added to provide additional strength to the structure. For example, a weave or mat of carbon fiber material may be added to the mixture prior to curing. In one embodiment, blade casting techniques may be used to form a structure. In another embodiment, a structure may be formed using 3-dimensional printing techniques.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 13, 2015
    Date of Patent: March 6, 2018
    Assignee: BATTELLE ENERGY ALLIANCE, LLC
    Inventor: Ronald J Heaps
  • Patent number: 9902748
    Abstract: Energetic materials that are photoactive or believed to be photoactive may include a conventional explosive (e.g. PETN, nitroglycerine) derivatized with an energetic UV-absorbing and/or VIS-absorbing chromophore such as 1,2,4,5-tetrazine or 1,3,5-triazine. Absorption of laser light having a suitably chosen wavelength may result in photodissociation, decomposition, and explosive release of energy. These materials may be used as ligands to form complexes. Coordination compounds include such complexes with counterions. Some having the formula M(L)n2+ were synthesized, wherein M is a transition metal and L is a ligand and n is 2 or 3. These may be photoactive upon exposure to a laser light beam having an appropriate wavelength of UV light, near-IR and/or visible light. Photoactive materials also include coordination compounds bearing non-energetic ligands; in this case, the counterion may be an oxidant such as perchlorate.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 15, 2015
    Date of Patent: February 27, 2018
    Assignee: Los Alamos National Security, LLC
    Inventors: David E. Chavez, Susan Kloek Hanson, Robert Jason Scharff, Jacqueline Marie Veauthier, Thomas Winfield Myers
  • Patent number: 9493252
    Abstract: A thruster includes a reactor including bundled metal elongate members therein configured to disassociate an introduced propellant flowing between the members, a combustor for combusting products of the disassociation, and a nozzle downstream of the combustor.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 23, 2014
    Date of Patent: November 15, 2016
    Assignee: Busek Co., Inc.
    Inventors: Michael M. Tsay, Vladimir J. Hruby, Christopher M. Grenier, William P. Costa, Derek J. Lafko
  • Patent number: 9090519
    Abstract: Provided is an ionic liquid (IL) having anions and cations with a metalohydride in the IL of borohydrides and/or aluminum hydrides, as fuel and a choice of one or more oxidizers, which fuel and oxidizer have hypergolic tendencies.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 13, 2011
    Date of Patent: July 28, 2015
    Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the AirForce
    Inventors: Tommy W. Hawkins, Stefan Schneider, Michael Rosander, Leslie Hudgens
  • Publication number: 20150013859
    Abstract: The present application discloses a variety of improvements that enhance at least one of the mechanical, chemical/energetic, ballistic, or adhesive properties, of a class of ECPs, regardless of whether said ECPs are in solid phase or gels, singly or in combinations thereof.
    Type: Application
    Filed: August 27, 2013
    Publication date: January 15, 2015
    Applicant: Digital Solid State Propulsion, LLC
    Inventor: Michael D. McPherson
  • Publication number: 20140190598
    Abstract: A hypergolic bipropellant. The hypergolic bipropellant includes a hydrazinium-based ionic liquid, a nitric acid-based oxidizer, and a catalyst.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 7, 2013
    Publication date: July 10, 2014
    Applicant: Government of the United States as Represented by the Army
    Inventors: Tommy W. Hawkins, Adam J. Brand, Gregory W. Drake
  • Patent number: 8636860
    Abstract: An energetic ionic liquid catalytic decomposition gas generator uses stoichiometric and nonstoiciometric mixtures of specific energetic ionic liquids and iridium catalyst. The catalyst temperature used and gas production versus ignition may be controlled by combining one or more cationic species with one or more anionic species of the ionic liquid(s).
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 1, 2010
    Date of Patent: January 28, 2014
    Assignees: Streamline Automation, LLC, The University of Alabama
    Inventors: Roberto DiSalvo, H. Waite Dykes, Jr., Robin D. Rogers, Julia Shamshina, Marcin Smiglak
  • Publication number: 20140007974
    Abstract: The present invention provides the following new polymers which are useful for hydrogen storage: (i) a polymer comprising -[MN2]— as a repeating unit, wherein M is selected from the group consisting Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zr, Nb, Mo, and mixtures thereof; and (ii) a polymer comprising -[M2N3]— as a repeating unit, wherein M is selected from the group consisting Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zr, Nb, Mo, and mixtures thereof.
    Type: Application
    Filed: September 13, 2013
    Publication date: January 9, 2014
    Inventor: David Michael Antonelli
  • Patent number: 8617326
    Abstract: Advanced bipropellant fuels with fast ignition upon mixing with storable oxidizer (N2O4, nitric acid) have been synthesized and demonstrated. The bipropellant fuels are based upon salts containing dicyanamide or tricyanomethanide anions and employ at least two hydrazine functionalities in the cations.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 25, 2009
    Date of Patent: December 31, 2013
    Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Air Force
    Inventors: Stefan Schneider, Tommy W. Hawkins, Michael S. Rosander
  • Patent number: 8052813
    Abstract: An ignition composition and its applications, the ignition composition including at least (a) an explosive fraction that includes at least one primary explosive, (b) an oxidation-reduction system and (c) an agglomerate. In the ignition composition the explosive fraction represents 9 to 35% by weight of the composition, the primary explosive at least is tetrazene, and tetrazene represents at least 95% by weight of said explosive fraction.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 23, 2007
    Date of Patent: November 8, 2011
    Assignee: Cheddite France
    Inventor: Alain Bass
  • Patent number: 8034202
    Abstract: Provided is a hypergolic bipropellant formed by combining a IL fuel having a dicyanamide anion and a nitrogen-containing, heterocyclic-based cation with an oxidizer for such fuel.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 4, 2007
    Date of Patent: October 11, 2011
    Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Air Force
    Inventors: Tommy W. Hawkins, Stefan Schneider, Gregory W. Drake, Ghanshyam Vaghjiani, Steven Chambreau
  • Patent number: 7879167
    Abstract: A gas generating composition containing a tetrazole amide as a fuel, 5-formamido-1H-tetrazole for example, and an oxidizer is provided. The gas generant is contained within a gas generator. The gas generator may be contained within a gas generating system such as an airbag inflator or seat belt assembly, or more broadly within a vehicle occupant protection system.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 25, 2008
    Date of Patent: February 1, 2011
    Assignee: TK Holdings, Inc.
    Inventors: Sudhakar R. Ganta, Graylon K. Williams
  • Publication number: 20110011502
    Abstract: An improved priming mix of the type including an initiator, fuel, and oxidizer, and pyrotechnic component. The improvement being the inclusion of between about 3% and about 20% propellant superfines, the superfines comprising particles less than 100 ?m.
    Type: Application
    Filed: April 9, 2010
    Publication date: January 20, 2011
    Inventors: George C. Mei, Duane E. Lowe
  • Patent number: 7806954
    Abstract: A gas generator 10 contains a baffle assembly for cooling of gases. An imperforate housing 46 is contained within the gas generator 10. A perforate housing 30 is contained within the imperforate housing 46. At least one orifice 70/72 is formed within the baffle assembly, where the orifice 70/72 is formed at the juncture 57 of the baffle assembly 12 and the perforate housing 30, at a second end of the perforate housing 30. Upon activation of the gas generator 10, gases produced are shunted through the orifice 70/72 and into the baffle assembly 12 for cooling and filtration thereof.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 31, 2006
    Date of Patent: October 5, 2010
    Assignee: Automotive Systems Laboratory Inc.
    Inventor: Eduardo L. Quioc
  • Patent number: 7682411
    Abstract: A man portable hydrogen source, the source comprising one or more hydrogen generating elements, an ignition control system and a pressure vessel. Each hydrogen generating element comprises a pellet holder provided with one or more recesses and a thermal insulation layer to reduce heat transfer to adjacent hydrogen generating elements; wherein at least one recess contains a pellet of a chemical mixture which on thermal decomposition evolves hydrogen gas; wherein the ignition control system comprises one or more igniters, associated with an individual pellet, and activation means to activate the igniters; and wherein the evolved hydrogen and hydrogen generating elements are contained within the pressure vessel.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 27, 2007
    Date of Patent: March 23, 2010
    Assignee: Qinetiq Limited
    Inventors: Peter Brian Jones, Darren Jonathan Browning, Gary Owens Mepsted, Darren Paul Scattergood
  • Publication number: 20090151825
    Abstract: An ignition composition and its applications, the ignition composition including at least (a) an explosive fraction that includes at least one primary explosive, (b) an oxidation-reduction system and (c) an agglomerate. In the ignition composition the explosive fraction represents 9 to 35% by weight of the composition, the primary explosive at least is tetrazene, and tetrazene represents at least 95% by weight of said explosive fraction.
    Type: Application
    Filed: February 23, 2007
    Publication date: June 18, 2009
    Applicant: CHEDDITE FRANCE
    Inventor: Alain Bass
  • Publication number: 20090133787
    Abstract: The invention relates to a pyrotechnic agent containing at least one azotetrazolate as a component thereof.
    Type: Application
    Filed: June 2, 2006
    Publication date: May 28, 2009
    Applicant: RUAG AMMOTEC GMBH
    Inventors: Ulrich Bley, Rainer Hagel, Julia Havlik, Aleksej Hoschenko, Peter Simon Lechner
  • Publication number: 20080202654
    Abstract: A gas generating composition containing a tetrazole amide as a fuel, 5-formamido-1H-tetrazole for example, and an oxidizer is provided. The gas generant is contained within a gas generator. The gas generator may be contained within a gas generating system such as an airbag inflator or seat belt assembly, or more broadly within a vehicle occupant protection system.
    Type: Application
    Filed: February 25, 2008
    Publication date: August 28, 2008
    Inventors: Sudhakar R. Ganta, Graylon K. Williams
  • Patent number: 7399841
    Abstract: A compound possesses the chemical structure of: wherein n is greater than zero. The compound is useful in energetic composition, particularly in linear, branched, dendritric, oligomer and cyclic oligomer azo-triazine forms.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 15, 2005
    Date of Patent: July 15, 2008
    Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy
    Inventors: William M. Koppes, Farhrad Forohar, Jesse Moran, David M. Rosenberg, Joseph D. Mannion, Brian W. Vos
  • Publication number: 20070246138
    Abstract: An auto ignition/gas generating composition is provided that contains DL-tartaric acid as a first fuel; a second fuel selected from carboxylic acids; amino acids; tetrazoles; triazoles; guanidines; azoamides; metal and nonmetal salts thereof; and mixtures thereof; and potassium chlorate as a first oxidizer. Potassium perchlorate is also preferably included as a second oxidizer. The composition is typically contained within a gas generating system such as an airbag inflator or seat belt assembly, or more broadly within a vehicle occupant protection system.
    Type: Application
    Filed: April 24, 2007
    Publication date: October 25, 2007
    Inventors: Deborah L. Hordos, Sean P. Burns
  • Patent number: 7261748
    Abstract: A man portable hydrogen source, the source comprising one or more hydrogen generating elements (2), an ignition control system (3) and a pressure vessel (1). Each hydrogen generating element comprises a pellet holder (7) provided with one or more recesses and a thermal insulation layer (9) to reduce heat transfer to adjacent hydrogen generating elements; wherein at least one recess contains a pellet (8) of a chemical mixture which on thermal decomposition evolves hydrogen gas; wherein the ignition control system comprises one or more ignitors (14), associated with an individual pellet (8), and activation means to activate the ignitors; and wherein the evolved hydrogen and hydrogen generating elements are contained within the pressure vessel.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 21, 2001
    Date of Patent: August 28, 2007
    Assignee: Qinetiq Limited
    Inventors: Peter Brian Jones, Darren Jonathan Browning, Gary Owen Mepstead, Darren Paul Scattergood
  • Publication number: 20070175553
    Abstract: A gas generating composition of the present invention contains at least one fuel selected from carboxylic acids, salts of carboxylic acids, and polymers; at least one perchlorate salt; and/or at least one metal oxide or metal hydroxide. A gas generating system 200 containing a gas generant in accordance with the present invention is also contemplated.
    Type: Application
    Filed: January 31, 2007
    Publication date: August 2, 2007
    Inventors: Sean P. Burns, Slaven Domazet
  • Patent number: 6916388
    Abstract: The present invention is directed to a solid propellant for rocket motors, gas generators and comparable devices, comprising a cured composition of hydrazinium nitroformate and an unsaturated hydroxyl terminated hydrocarbon compound.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 19, 1999
    Date of Patent: July 12, 2005
    Assignee: Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast-natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
    Inventors: Jeroen Louwers, Antonius Eduard Dominicus Maria Van Der Heijden, Petrus Johannes Maria Elands
  • Patent number: 6854395
    Abstract: An inflator for an air bag has, in a housing having a gas discharging port, a combustion chamber accommodating a molded article of a gas generating composition which is burnt to generate gas and ignition means to ignite the molded article of a gas generating composition. The molded article contains a metal component and meets the requirement: (A) the (theoretical) combustion flame temperature of the molded article of the gas generating composition is 2000° C. or less, and part or the whole of the metal or metal oxide after combustion of the molded article of the gas generating composition has a melting point not lower than the combustion flame temperature; and (B) bulk combustion residues remain in the combustion chamber at the time of combustion of the molded article of the gas generating composition.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 7, 2002
    Date of Patent: February 15, 2005
    Assignee: Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.
    Inventors: Nobuyuki Katsuda, Mikio Yabuta, Jianzhou Wu
  • Publication number: 20040200554
    Abstract: A material for a pyrotechnic composition and related pyrotechnic compositions are provided in which the material includes a substituted basic metal nitrate including a reaction product of an acidic organic compound and a basic metal nitrate. A method for enhancing a burn rate of a gas generant composition and a burn rate enhanced gas generant composition including a reaction product of basic metal nitrate and tetrazoles, tetrazole derivatives, and combinations thereof, and a nitrogen-containing co-fuel such as guanidine nitrate are also disclosed. The burn rate enhance gas generant composition may optionally include an additional oxidizer such as basic copper nitrate.
    Type: Application
    Filed: April 11, 2003
    Publication date: October 14, 2004
    Inventors: Ivan V. Mendenhall, Robert D. Taylor
  • Publication number: 20040154711
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of gas-releasing pyrotechnical compositions that are intended primarily for use in gas-actuated car safety devices such as air-bag assemblies, safety-belt tighteners, inflatable neck supports, etc. and which can be recovered if they are not actively used. The invention also relates to these compositions themselves. The invention is mainly characterized by the use of guanidine dinitramide, possibly combined with guanyl urea dinitramide, as gas-generating substance(s) in products of the said type.
    Type: Application
    Filed: February 6, 2004
    Publication date: August 12, 2004
    Inventor: Per Sjoberg
  • Patent number: 6755990
    Abstract: “The invention is directed to a monopropellant composition for propulsion and/or gas generation, comprising a solution of hydrazinium nitroformate (HNF) and/or ammonium dinitramide (ADM) in water and/or an alkanol.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 19, 2001
    Date of Patent: June 29, 2004
    Inventors: Ronald Peter van den Berg, Petrus Johannes Maria Elands, Johannes Maria Mul
  • Patent number: 6712918
    Abstract: A method for increasing the burn rate of a gas generant formulation is provided involving the addition of a quantity of at least one transition metal complex of diammonium bitetrazole to the gas generant formulation.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 30, 2001
    Date of Patent: March 30, 2004
    Assignee: Autoliv ASP, Inc.
    Inventors: Ivan V. Mendenhall, Michael W. Barnes
  • Patent number: 6689237
    Abstract: Gas generant compositions which include at least one transition metal complex of ethylenediamine 5,5′-bitetrazole are provided to produce or results in compositions having relatively high burn rates. Also provided are corresponding or associated gas generating devices and inflatable vehicle occupant safety restraint systems and methods of gas generation.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 31, 2003
    Date of Patent: February 10, 2004
    Assignee: Autoliv ASP, Inc.
    Inventor: Ivan V. Mendenhall
  • Patent number: 6673172
    Abstract: Gas generant compositions exhibit low autoignition temperatures. In preferred forms, the gas generant compositions include azobisformamidine dinitrate (AZODN) and a eutectic mixture (comelt) of silver nitrate and potassium nitrate. The comelt of silver nitrate and potassium nitrate is most preferably present in the formulations of the invention in an amount to achieve a low autoignition temperature of between about 140° C. (284° F.) to about 160° C. (320° F.). The compositions of the invention may include a variety of auxiliary components typically employed in conventional gas generant compositions for their intended purpose. For example, especially preferred formulations of the present invention will include a powdered metal or metal oxide as a combustion catalyst to speed the decomposition reaction and also as a combustion aid to facilitate the ignition of the primary propellant or gas generant.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 7, 2001
    Date of Patent: January 6, 2004
    Assignee: Atlantic Research Corporation
    Inventors: Brian K. Wheatley, Aaron J. Greso, Norman H. Lundstrom
  • Patent number: 6657059
    Abstract: The compound 3,6-bis(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-ylamino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine and its salts are provided together with a propellant composition including an oxidizer, a binder and 3,6-bis(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-ylamino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine or its salts.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 6, 2002
    Date of Patent: December 2, 2003
    Assignee: The Regents of the University of California
    Inventors: Michael A. Hiskey, David E. Chavez, Darren Naud
  • Patent number: 6651565
    Abstract: A method capable of decreasing the amount of NOx generated by the combustion of a gas generating agent for an air bag. A method for reducing NOx generated by the combustion of a gas generating agent of an air bag by a reducing material placed inside an inflator and decreasing its amount. NH2 radical, or the like, is generated by the decomposition of the reducing material. The radical is allowed to react with NOx and a part of NOx is changed to the N2 gas. Thus, the amount of NOx is decreased.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 20, 1999
    Date of Patent: November 25, 2003
    Assignee: Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.
    Inventors: Yo Yamato, Masayuki Yamazaki
  • Patent number: 6645325
    Abstract: Explosive or propellant compositions containing at least one nitrocellulose contain an additive including at least one substituted tetrazine in amounts effective to increase the burning rate of the composition. A preferred additive is 3,6-dihydrazino-s-tetrazine.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 1, 1998
    Date of Patent: November 11, 2003
    Inventor: Russell R. Nickel
  • Patent number: 6623574
    Abstract: A gas generating composition which is excellent in a combustion efficiency and a gas output and in which amounts of residues generated are reduced in the combustion is obtained. A gas generating composition comprising (a) 5 to 40% by weight of at least one high polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyacrylic derivative resin, a polyacetal, a urea resin, a melamine resin, a ketone resin and a cellulose-based high polymer, and (b) 60 to 95% by weight of ammonium nitrate or phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate. It is suitable as a gas generating agent for an air bag of automobiles.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 26, 2000
    Date of Patent: September 23, 2003
    Assignee: Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.
    Inventor: Jianzhou Wu
  • Publication number: 20030145923
    Abstract: A propellant for gas generators, especially for lifesaving systems, contains one or several tetrazole derivative(s) or respectively one or several compounds from the groups of (A) cyanic acid derivatives and their salts, (B) triazine and triazine derivatives, (C) urea, its salts, derivatives, and compounds evolved therefrom and their salts, wherein the aforementioned compounds can also be present as mixtures; and an oxidizing agent from the group of peroxides of zinc, calcium, strontium or magnesium or such peroxides with nitrates of ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and iron, wherein it is possible to add further gas generating components, coolants, reducing agents, catalysts and/or porosity-producing media.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 20, 2002
    Publication date: August 7, 2003
    Inventors: Klaus Redecker, Waldemar Weuter
  • Patent number: 6588797
    Abstract: An apparatus (12) comprises an inflatable vehicle occupant protection device (20) and a gas generating composition (16) which when ignited produces gas to inflate the inflatable vehicle occupant protection device (20). The gas generating composition (16) comprises an oxidizer and a fuel. The oxidizer is an inorganic salt and the fuel is a tetrazine.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 15, 1999
    Date of Patent: July 8, 2003
    Assignee: TRW Inc.
    Inventor: Harold R. Blomquist
  • Publication number: 20030106624
    Abstract: A method for increasing the bum rate of a gas generant formulation is provided involving the addition of a quantity of at least one transition metal complex of diammonium bitetrazole to the gas generant formulation.
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 30, 2001
    Publication date: June 12, 2003
    Inventors: Ivan V. Mendenhall, Michael W. Barnes
  • Patent number: 6572717
    Abstract: The invention relates to crystalline hydrazinium nitroformate having a length to diameter ratio of at most 2.5 and a sensitivity to friction and shock not below 20 N and 2 J, respectively, as well as to a method for the preparation thereof.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 16, 2001
    Date of Patent: June 3, 2003
    Assignee: Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno
    Inventors: Jeroen Louwers, Antonius Eduard Dominicus Maria Van Der Heijden
  • Patent number: 6552201
    Abstract: A method of preparing 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-azofurazan is provided together with a composition of matter including a mixture of 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-azofurazan and 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 30, 2001
    Date of Patent: April 22, 2003
    Assignee: The Regents of the University of California
    Inventors: Michael A. Hiskey, David E. Chavez, Robert L. Bishop, John F. Kramer, Scott A. Kinkead
  • Publication number: 20030024618
    Abstract: A gas generating composition for an air bag having a low toxicity, a high burning rate and a low combustion temperature is provided.
    Type: Application
    Filed: July 22, 2002
    Publication date: February 6, 2003
    Inventors: Jianzhou Wu, Yo Yamato
  • Publication number: 20030015266
    Abstract: Gas generant compositions exhibit low autoignition temperatures. In preferred forms, the gas generant compositions include azobisformamidine dinitrate (AZODN) and a eutectic mixture (comelt) of silver nitrate and potassium nitrate. The comelt of silver nitrate and potassium nitrate is most preferably present in the formulations of the invention in an amount to achieve a low autoignition temperature of between about 140° C. (284° F.) to about 160° C. (320° F.). The compositions of the invention may include a variety of auxiliary components typically employed in conventional gas generant compositions for their intended purpose. For example, especially preferred formulations of the present invention will include a powdered metal or metal oxide as a combustion catalyst to speed the decomposition reaction and also as a combustion aid to facilitate the ignition of the primary propellant or gas generant.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 7, 2001
    Publication date: January 23, 2003
    Inventors: Brian K. Wheatley, Aaron J. Greso, Norman H. Lundstrom
  • Patent number: 6487974
    Abstract: An ignition enhancer and gas heater composition for vehicle occupant restraint systems (commonly known as “airbags”) contains a non-azide fuel, an oxidizer and a metal. The ignition enhancer composition provides reliable and consistent ignition of a main propellant composition to produce a sufficient amount of gas to inflate an attached airbag within ten to eighty milliseconds or successfully heat the stored gas in a hybrid system. In a preferred embodiment, the enhancer composition contains 5-aminotetrazole, strontium nitrate, boron nitride, mica or clay and aluminum.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 10, 2000
    Date of Patent: December 3, 2002
    Assignee: Breed Automotive Technology, Inc.
    Inventors: J B Canterberry, Samuel Steven Schlueter, John Herman Adams, Robert Keith Walsh
  • Patent number: 6481746
    Abstract: Gas generating compositions and methods for their use are provided. Metal complexes are used as gas generating compositions. These complexes are comprised of a metal cation template, a neutral ligand containing hydrogen and nitrogen, and sufficient oxidizing anion to balance the charge of the complex. The complexes are formulated such that when the complex combusts, nitrogen gas and water vapor is produced. Specific examples of such complexes include metal nitrite ammine, metal nitrate ammine, and metal perchlorate ammine complexes, as well as hydrazine complexes. A binder and co-oxidizer can be combined with the metal complexes to improve crush strength of the gas generating compositions and to permit efficient combustion of the binder. Such gas generating compositions are adaptable for use in gas generating devices such as automobile air bags.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 7, 1996
    Date of Patent: November 19, 2002
    Assignee: Alliant Techsystems Inc.
    Inventors: Jerald C. Hinshaw, Daniel W. Doll, Reed J. Blau, Gary K. Lund
  • Patent number: 6458227
    Abstract: The compound 3,6-bis(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-ylamino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine and its salts are provided together with a propellant composition including an oxidizer, a binder and 3,6-bis(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-ylamino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine or its salts.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 28, 2000
    Date of Patent: October 1, 2002
    Assignee: The Regents of the University of California
    Inventors: Michael A. Hiskey, David E. Chavez, Darren Naud
  • Publication number: 20020134476
    Abstract: A method of preparing 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-azofurazan is provided together with a composition of matter including a mixture of 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-azofurazan and 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 30, 2001
    Publication date: September 26, 2002
    Inventors: Michael A. Hiskey, David E. Chavez, Robert L. Bishop, John F. Kramer, Scott A. Kinkead
  • Patent number: 6453816
    Abstract: A temperature fuse for gas-generating mixtures consists of substances or mixtures of substances that have lower detonation points or decomposition points than the gas-generating mixture. In particular, the temperature fuse contains substances or mixtures of substances that thermally decompose exothermically in a narrowly restricted temperature range. The evolution of heat that results ignites the gas-generating mixture.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 17, 2001
    Date of Patent: September 24, 2002
    Assignee: Dynamit Nobel GmbH Explosivstoff-und Systemtechnik
    Inventors: Klaus Redecker, Waldemar Weuter, Ulrich Bley, Dagmar Schmittner
  • Patent number: 6435552
    Abstract: A pyrotechnic gas generant composition includes a high oxygen balance compound or fuel, preferably, azodiformamidine dinitrate, which is the resulting reaction product of an aminoguanidine salt and nitric acid. Specifically, the high oxygen balance compound or fuel of the present invention is the resulting reaction product of aminoguanidine salts, such as aminoguanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine bicarbonate, or aminoguanidine sulfate with nitric acid. Preferably, the aminoguanidine salt is aminoguanidine bicarbonate. The resulting reaction product is a yellow precipitate that can be used alone, with or without oxidizers or other additives, for very rapid self-deflagration or in combination with oxidizers and additives. In each instance, the gas generant composition provides both high gas output and low production of solid combustion products. Further, the precipitant is relatively non-hygroscopic and has a high burn rate.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 20, 1999
    Date of Patent: August 20, 2002
    Assignee: Atlantic Research Corporation
    Inventors: Norman H. Lundstrom, Aaron J. Greso, Robert S. Scheffee
  • Patent number: 6431597
    Abstract: An apparatus (12) comprises an inflatable vehicle occupant protection device (20) and a gas generating material (16) that when ignited produces gas to inflate the inflatable vehicle occupant protection device (20). The gas generating material (16) includes an inorganic salt oxidizer, a water-soluble binder, and about 1 to about 10% of a supplemental fuel selected from the group consisting of 3,6-dihydrazino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine, 3,6-diamino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-1,4-dioxide, and 3,6-diamino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine, and combinations thereof.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 26, 2000
    Date of Patent: August 13, 2002
    Assignees: TRW Inc., TRW Vehicle Safety Systems Inc.
    Inventors: Abdelkader M. Helmy, Wen Tong
  • Patent number: 6410682
    Abstract: A gas generating material (16) comprises a polymeric amine. The polymeric amine has a polymer backbone that includes units of wherein R is a nitrogen containing organic radical of a nitrogen containing organic fuel that includes a primary amino group.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 3, 2001
    Date of Patent: June 25, 2002
    Assignee: TRW Inc.
    Inventor: Harold R. Blomquist