Abstract: Embossed multi-ply fibrous structures that exhibit a Geometric Mean Elongation of greater than 15.8% as measured according to the Elongation Test Method are provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for welding a tubular lining of a wastewater pipe includes a retainer for the butt-jointed longitudinal edges, which are to be welded, of a plastic panel bent to form a pipe, and a welding apparatus. The retainer includes one respective clamping device for each edge formed by a stationary clamping bar on the outside of the pipe and a movable clamping bar on the inside of the pipe which is connected to an actuating drive. The stationary clamping bars are located opposite of one another with respect to the butt joint between the two longitudinal edges while leaving a gap open. At least one of the two movable clamping bars forms a stop for one longitudinal edge of the plastic panel in a position placed against the associated stationary clamping bar. A guide is provided along the gap between the stationary clamping bars for the welding device.

Abstract: A hybrid shaping-and-energizing system, for use in efficiently joining together multiple workpieces while inhibiting establishment of weld material in unwanted areas. The system including a shaping tool configured to form at least one recess in a proximate workpiece of the workpieces to be joined, and a weld-energy applicator connected to the shaping tool and configured to apply weld energy to the proximate workpiece. The recess is formed, and weld energy applied, so that molten workpiece material becomes disposed within the recess, thereby inhibiting formation of weld material in any undesired position.

Abstract: An overlay applicator can include an overlay with a top side and a bottom side. The bottom side can include an adhesive agent configured to adhere to a screen of an electronic device. The overlay applicator can include an adhesive release liner. The adhesive release liner can include a top side and a bottom side. The top side of the adhesive release liner can be removably attached to the bottom side of the overlay. The adhesive release liner can be configured to protect the adhesive agent at the bottom side of the overlay from contaminants. The overlay applicator can include a protective film removably attached to the top side of the overlay. The overlay applicator can include an alignment tab. The alignment tab can include an alignment mechanism. The overlay applicator further can include a pull tab. The pull can include a wiper. Other embodiments are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for labeling packages in a thermo-forming packaging machine with a first depositor device and a second depositor device, where a dispensing unit simultaneously transfers the labels from a label roll onto the first and second depositor devices. The invention also relates to a method for labeling packages in a thermo-forming packaging machine.

Abstract: A gluing device including a guide roller to guide the tail of the log; on the guide roller, retaining elements to engage and retain the tail on the guide roller; a gluing member, to apply a glue to the tail retained on the guide roller. There are also provided embossing members, arranged and controlled to emboss a portion of the tail of the log. The gluing member applies the glue to embossing protrusions formed by the embossing members.

Abstract: A dispensing and sealing system generally includes a film-feed assembly with a support mechanism for a supply of film and a film-drive mechanism to advance the film along a path, a dispenser with an outlet port for dispensing fluid into the film, and a transverse seal mechanism for forming a seal in the film transversely of the path. A calendering device and a movable structure for the support mechanism are also described.

Abstract: A high bulk laminated board is produced using one or more embossed plies. A method of producing the laminated board comprises: embossing first and second plies to produce first embossed projections extending from first sides of the first and second plies; placing adhesive on the first embossed projections on the first side of each of the first and second embossed plies; bringing the first and second plies together such that the first embossed projections on the first and second embossed plies are aligned; applying pressure to the first side of each of the first and second embossed plies to cause the first and second embossed plies to adhere together to form a composite ply; and adhering first and second flat outer plies onto first and second sides of the composite ply. Corresponding apparatus is provided.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a packed electrode, an electrode is set between two separation layers that are made of resin, a heat-resistant layer is set between at least one of the two separation layers and the electrode, the two separation layers, the electrode and the heat-resistant layer, an overlapped portion of the two separation layers overlapped with the heat-resistant layer interposed therebetween is pinched, pressed and heated by a pair of heat sealing chips at an outside of the electrode, and the two separation layers are fastened by destroying the heat-resistant layer at the overlapped portion that are pressed and heated. According to the above manufacturing method, man-hours required for stacking can be reduced by integrating the heat-resistant layer with the packed electrode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for shaping laminar composite materials, comprising a base (1) with at least one longitudinal mandrel element (2) comprising a shape to be given to a stack of composite material (3) arranged on the mandrel element (2) for obtaining a formed stack (3?) of composite material, and at least one pressure rolling forming device (4) assembled in a support carriage (5) such that it is capable of placing the pressure rolling forming device (4) in at least one position in which it rolls over the stack of composite material (3) pressing it against the mandrel element (2) for forming it and obtaining the formed stack (3?), the pressure rolling forming device (4) comprising a rolling hollow cover (4a) made of elastically flexible material with a tread (4b), and the rolling hollow cover (4a) being susceptible to containing: a fill fluid at a fill pressure and/or a plurality of particles (27) which allow the tread (4b) to elastically adapt to the shape of the mandrel element (2) and exert a

Abstract: The invention rotates to a method for producing an equipment part (1). According to the invention, the equipment part (1) is provided with a decorative skin (2) at least in some sections, wherein the decorative skin (2) is integrated with at least two differently colored and/or different structured material regions (2.1, 2.2) then are adjacent to one another along a separating line (3), wherein the separating line (3) of the material regions (2.1, 2.2) of the decorative skin (2) that are adjacent to one another is oriented in correspondence with a recess (12) of the equipment part (1) substantially pointing away from the visible side and then deepens into the recess (12) of the equipment part (1) in a form-closed manner in the area of the separating line (3) and is fastened in a bonded manner. The invention further relates to a tool for producing an equipment part (1). The invention further relates to an equipment part (1) for arrangement in a vehicle.

Abstract: A method for producing a part made of a composite material, including a skin and at least one stiffener made of strips, which are in turn made of one or more plies of fibers impregnated with a non-polymerized resin. The method includes the steps of: producing a preform of the part by pulling the strips through a die for shaping and positioning the skin and the stiffeners, a polymerization core being provided between a first strip and a second strip prior to the passage thereof through the die; and pressing the resulting preform in a hot press for a duration dt while applying a pressure P and at a temperature T for polymerizing the resin of the strips in the hot press over a pressing length L that is shorter than the length of the panel.

Abstract: A fast and effective method for cleaning and repairing the shell-spar glue voids of a wind turbine blade, comprising the steps of detecting voids, raising the turbine blade at an incline, drilling holes into top and bottom ends of the void, injecting cleaning solution into the holes, and allowing the cleaning solution to drain out of the bottom holes and drain holes at the tip. The void is then inspected for oil by FTIR spectroscopy. If oil is detected, additional cleaning steps are performed comprising injection of a second cleaning solution into at least two holes of the void followed by a rest period, washing the holes with water via a pressure washer, and drying with compressed air. The blade is then inspected for oil and moisture, and when clean, adhesive is applied to the void through the holes.

Abstract: The present disclosure is a joining method that joins a target substrate and a support substrate, wherein the method has: a joining operation that includes pressing and joining the target substrate and the support substrate by interposing an adhesive therebetween; and an adhesive removing operation that includes supplying a solvent of the adhesive to the outer adhesive that is the adhesive between the target substrate and the support substrate protruding in the joining operation from the outer lateral surface of the stacked substrate made by joining the target substrate and the support substrate, and to remove the surface of the outer adhesive so that the outer adhesive is formed at a predetermined size.

Abstract: A joint system includes: a transfer-in/out station capable of holding a plurality of substrates or a plurality of superposed substrates, and transferring-in/out the substrates or superposed substrates to/from a processing station; and the processing station performing predetermined processing on the substrates and joining the substrates together. The processing station includes: a surface activation apparatus activating a front surface of the substrate; a surface hydrophilizing apparatus hydrophilizing and cleaning the front surface of the substrate; a joint apparatus joining the substrates together; and a transfer region for transferring the substrate or superposed substrate to the surface activation apparatus, the surface hydrophilizing apparatus, and the joint apparatus.

Abstract: The invention has an object to provide a foreign substance removing device that is capable of quickly and efficiently cleaning substrate surfaces regardless of the size thereof and preventing readhesion of once removed foreign substances as well as to provide a die bonder equipped with the same. The foreign substance removing device of the invention includes: a pickup device to which a dicing film carrying dies thereon is fixed; and a collet for picking up a die separated from the dicing film and placing the die on a substrate having an adhesive applied thereon, and operates to remove foreign substances on the substrate in preparation for application of the adhesive onto the substrate. The foreign substance removing device includes a cleaning nozzle integrating an air outlet orifice and an air inlet orifice.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for splicing together old and new thermoformable sheets in order to supply a continuous thermoforming operation. The apparatus is used to join together thermoformable sheets by: providing a first thermoformable sheet with a trailing edge and a second thermoformable sheet with a leading edge; forming a terminal edge portion with a hot element along the trailing edge and a complementary terminal edge portion along the leading edge by severing a scrap sheet from each portion; laterally retracting each scrap portion away from the trailing edge and the leading edge; and joining together the first thermoformable sheet and the second thermoformable sheet by interlocking together the terminal edge portion with the complementary terminal edge portion.

Abstract: The present disclosure encompasses three-dimensional articles comprising flexible-composite materials and methods of manufacturing said three-dimensional articles. More particularly, the present system relates to methods for manufacturing seamless three-dimensional-shaped articles usable for such finished products as airbags/inflatable structures, bags, shoes, and similar three-dimensional products. A preferred manufacturing process combines composite molding methods with specific precursor materials to form fiber-reinforced continuous shaped articles that are flexible and collapsible.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing a composite filler includes at least one die and a device for moving a stack of reinforced ply strips through the die. The die has peripheral die face adapted for forming the ply strip stack into a desired cross sectional shape. The cross section of the die face may vary around the periphery of the die.

Abstract: A weight applicator for a wheel of a tire-wheel assembly is disclosed. The weight applicator includes an arm portion and an applicator portion connected to the arm portion. The applicator includes a radially-extending flange portion. The radially-extending flange portion is connected to the arm portion. A first plunger portion is movably-connected to the radially-extending flange portion by one or more first radial arms. A method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A constraint system of sectors of a device for producing an airplane fuselage in which a lamination mandrel is adapted to receive and support a band of impregnated synthetic material. The lamination mandrel comprises a plurality of sectors angularly spaced about the axis and mobile between: an expanded lamination position and a contracted disassembling position. A constraint system is provided between each sector and the sectors adjacent thereto which guarantees a predetermined arrangement of the first sector with respect to the second sector adjacent thereto, preventing any translation along two directions which lie in an adjustment plane perpendicular to an axis RD which extends radially from the symmetry axis to the external surface.

Abstract: A liquid-proof seamed article including an elastic laminated panel and a corrugated elastic laminated panel joined at the sealing regions of the laminated panels is provided. In exemplary embodiments, both of the laminated panels are corrugated. The laminated panels each include a textile layer and a protective layer. At least one of the textile layer and protective layer is elastic. An adhesive pre-treatment may be applied to the elastic laminate panel and/or the corrugated laminate panel along respective sealing regions prior to forming a seam. Additionally, the laminate can be stretched to substantially flatten the corrugations prior to forming a seam. By substantially flattening the surface of the corrugated laminated panel(s), an adhesive may be applied such that there are no gaps in the adhesive. The corrugated laminates may be used as material for making garments. An apparatus and a method for making a liquid-proof seamed article are also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a bonding apparatus. The bonding apparatus includes a cleaning module designed for cleaning chips; and a chip-to-wafer bonding chamber configured to receive the chips from the cleaning module and designed for bonding the chips to a wafer.

Abstract: A mandrel tool for layup of composite material comprises a composite face sheet for providing a layup surface for the composite material, and a cellular header board structure for supporting the face sheet.

Abstract: A joint system includes: a transfer-in/out station capable of holding a plurality of substrates or a plurality of superposed substrates, and transferring-in/out the substrates or superposed substrates to/from a processing station; and the processing station performing predetermined processing on the substrates and joining the substrates together. The processing station includes: a surface activation apparatus activating a front surface of the substrate; a surface hydrophilizing apparatus hydrophilizing and cleaning the front surface of the substrate; a joint apparatus joining the substrates together; and a transfer region for transferring the substrate or superposed substrate to the surface activation apparatus, the surface hydrophilizing apparatus, and the joint apparatus.

Abstract: The invention has an object to provide a foreign substance removing device that is capable of quickly and efficiently cleaning substrate surfaces regardless of the size thereof and preventing readhesion of once removed foreign substances as well as to provide a die bonder equipped with the same. The foreign substance removing device of the invention includes: a pickup device to which a dicing film carrying dies thereon is fixed; and a collet for picking up a die separated from the dicing film and placing the die on a substrate having an adhesive applied thereon, and operates to remove foreign substances on the substrate in preparation for application of the adhesive onto the substrate. The foreign substance removing device includes a cleaning nozzle integrating an air outlet orifice and an air inlet orifice.

Abstract: A method of moulding a wind-turbine blade in a mould is described. The method includes arranging a number of markers on an interior of the mould; arranging a composite layup in the mould; and assembling and curing the composite layup in the mould such that a negative impression of a marker is formed on a surface of the composite layup, which negative impression facilitates correct positioning of the blade relative to a component in a subsequent assembly step. A mould for moulding a wind-turbine blade; a wind-turbine blade moulded using such a mould; and a positioning device for positioning a drilling and/or milling tool relative to a root portion of a wind-turbine blade moulded using the inventive method are disclosed. A method of manufacturing a wind-turbine blade is also disclosed.

Abstract: A fibrous product, especially tissue paper product, non-woven product or a hybrid thereof, includes at least one top ply with either an embossing pattern forming pillow-like chambers at least partially surrounded by first embossing protuberances or with second embossing protuberances; at least one middle ply embossed in register with the at least one top ply so that either second embossing protuberances of the at least one middle ply nest into the pillow-like chambers of the at least one top ply or second embossing protuberances of the at least one top ply nest into the pillow-like chambers at least partially surrounded by first embossing protuberances of the at least one middle ply; and at least one bottom ply not in register with the at least one top ply and being bonded to both the at least one top ply and the at least one middle ply.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for splicing together old and new thermoformable sheets in order to supply a continuous thermoforming operation. The method for joining together thermoformable sheets includes: providing a first thermoformable sheet with a trailing edge and a second thermoformable sheet with a leading edge; forming a terminal edge portion with a hot element along the trailing edge and a complementary terminal edge portion along the leading edge by severing a scrap sheet from each portion; laterally retracting each scrap portion away from the trailing edge and the leading edge; and joining together the first thermoformable sheet and the second thermoformable sheet by interlocking together the terminal edge portion with the complementary terminal edge portion.

Abstract: A contoured composite structure includes an axis of curvature and at least one curved leg. The structure is fabricated by laying up a flat stack of prepreg fiber plies each having non-zero degree fiber orientations relative to an axis of curvature, and laying up at least one prepreg fiber ply on the stack having a zero degree fiber orientation. Laying up the zero degree ply includes placing prepreg tows in segments arranged end-to-end on at least a portion of the stack. The stack is formed into a web and a curved leg.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing double or multilayer ferroelectret with defined cavities by: structuring at least one first surface of a first polymer film (1) forming a height profile, applying ate least one second polymer film (5, 1?) to the structured surface on the first polymer film formed in step a), joining the polymer films (1, 1?, 5) to give a polymer film composite with the formation of cavities (4, 4?) and electrically charging of the inner surfaces of the cavities (4, 4?) formed in step c) with opposing electrical charges. The invention further relates to ferroelectret multilayer composites, optionally produced by said method, comprising at least two polymer films, arranged one over the other and connected to each other, wherein cavities are formed between the polymer films. A piezoelectric element comprising a said ferroelectret multilayer composite is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for efficiently cleaning a platen roller of a printer. A cleaning unit is attached to a main unit in place of a removal unit for an intermediate transfer sheet. A cam is turned by means of turning an arm UP/DOWN lever, and the arm is turned from an UP position to a DOWN position by means of the cam, to thus bring a cleaning pad on a leading end of the arm into contact with a platen roller and perform cleaning operation. When an operation mode is set to a cleaning mode and when attachment of the cleaning unit UC is detected, the platen roller is rotated, thereby allowing cleaning operation.

Abstract: A method for producing a material strip (1) comprising microstructures, particularly a laminated material strip having at least two layers and comprising security-relevant features (18), in that at least one material strip formed by two strips (1?, 1?) running parallel to each other in an aligned manner is guided through a machine containing at least heating (8, 9), pressing (12, 13) and cooling means (10, 11), wherein transport means (2, 3) for the material strip are equipped with elements (19) that have a profile comprising the respective microstructures, and the profile is reproduced on the material strip over the course of the heating and pressing operations.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention includes a continuous feed variable depth die cut for use in cutting kinesiology tape. The die cut includes a housing, including a first opening configured to allow the kinesiology tape to enter the housing and a second opening configured to allow the kinesiology tape to exit the housing. The die cut also includes a roller inside the housing, wherein the roller is configured to rotate as the kinesiology tape passes over the roller and a die formed on the outer surface of the roller, wherein the die includes a cutting edge for cutting the kinesiology tape and wherein the cutting edge is formed in the shape of the strip of kinesiology tape to be cut. The die cut further includes a surface inside the housing, wherein the kinesiology tape passes over the surface when the kinesiology tape is being cut.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to diversify film coating in a coating station for transferring image-providing layers from a transfer film onto a printing material. For this purpose, a film transfer module is arranged in a printing press for single-color or multicolor printing of printed sheets. One or more devices for producing a surface structure on the printing material are arranged in the printing press upstream of a film transfer module. A design from a film image and a printed image is partially or completely covered by applying layers. The additional layers serve for the protection, for drying and for producing optical effects.

Abstract: The invention concerns an apparatus and a process for the production of a structure from fiber composite material, comprising a mold tool for receiving material which can be joined to provide a structure, and a vacuum system for molding and fixing the structure, wherein the vacuum system has a flexible layer, in particular a separation film or separation layer and/or a tear-off film, and a vacuum film for covering the structure. In accordance with the invention the vacuum system is free from ventilation material and/or tear-off material at least at a portion which corresponds to a portion of the structure to be covered, in which a step extends.

Abstract: A high bulk laminated board is produced using one or more embossed plies. A method of producing the laminated board comprises: embossing first and second plies to produce first embossed projections extending from first sides of the first and second plies; placing adhesive on the first embossed projections on the first side of each of the first and second embossed plies; bringing the first and second plies together such that the first embossed projections on the first and second embossed plies are aligned; applying pressure to the first side of each of the first and second embossed plies to cause the first and second embossed plies to adhere together to form a composite ply; and adhering first and second flat outer plies onto first and second sides of the composite ply. Corresponding apparatus is provided.

Abstract: In a board cleaning method for dry cleaning of connection sites on resin-based boards, one or more gases selected from a group consisting of gas that contains a hydrogen element and gas that contains a fluorine element are supplied at least to the connection sites, plasma is generated from the supplied gas, and the boards are cleaned by radicals and ions that are produced by the generated plasma.

Abstract: Visibility of ply-bonding created by glassining spot embossing on decorative pattern embossed tissue products is provided by obscuring the glassined spot embosses by distributing them along a meandering path through the decorative pattern, obscuring the edges of the glassined spot embosses by providing a gradual transition therefrom and combinations of the two techniques.

Abstract: A membrane cartridge is manufactured by repeatedly folding and joining two strips of membrane to form a cross-pleated cartridge with a stack of openings or fluid passageways configured in an alternating cross-flow arrangement. The cartridge can be modified for other flow configurations including co-flow and counter-flow arrangements. Methods for manufacturing such cross-pleated membrane cartridges, as well as apparatus used in the manufacturing process are described. Cross-pleated membrane cartridges comprising water-permeable membranes can be used in a variety of applications, including in heat and water vapor exchangers. In particular they can be incorporated into energy recovery ventilators (ERVs) for exchanging heat and water vapor between air streams being directed into and out of buildings.

Abstract: A terminal cleaning apparatus integrated to an assembling apparatus for integrating a display panel by bonding an electronic part to an externally connecting terminal of a substrate in which substrates 5 respectively held by a first substrate holding portion 24 and a second substrate holding portion 25 moved by an XY table mechanism 23 are made to pass through a first cleaning portion 21 and a second cleaning portion 22 having different cleaning means to simultaneously clean and the substrate which is not cleaned is carried in and the substrate 5 is transferred between the substrate holding portions and the substrate 5 which has been cleaned is carried out simultaneously by a first substrate transferring mechanism 26. Thereby, an operational efficiency of a step of cleaning an externally connecting terminal can be improved by making substrate carrying operation efficient.

Abstract: The invention relates to a two-dimensional web material made of a layer material and also a method and an apparatus for manufacturing the same, wherein the two-dimensional web material contains a non-woven material and has a Poisson's ratio of <0.2 during expansion in the machine direction.

Abstract: A grinding unit grinds an annular convex portion formed at an outer periphery of a back face of a wafer such that the wafer has a uniform thickness. After such process, a robot arm of a transport unit transports the wafer to an inspection unit for inspecting occurrence of damage at the wafer. Then, the robot arm transports the wafer without damage to a mount frame preparation unit. Herein, the wafer is joined to a ring frame through a dicing tape, and then a protective tape is separated from a front face of the wafer. Thus, a mount frame is prepared.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pipe cleaner apparatus that is attached to a pipe fusion machine. The pipe cleaner removes dirt, snow, mud, and other debris from the outer surface of pipe sections prior to the butt fusion process. The pipe cleaner may be a wiper through which the pipe slides, or may be a multi-piece scraper with spring loaded flaps that clean the outside surface of the pipe.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a laminated steel sheet by treating surfaces of a base steel sheet so that the adhesive strength between a base steel sheet and lamination sheets is increased. The apparatus comprises an uncoiler for unwinding a coiled base steel sheet followed by a cleaner for cleaning the surfaces of the base steel sheet. The cleaner comprises an acid pickling unit for pickling the surfaces of a hot rolled steel sheet with acid pickling water when the base steel sheet is the hot rolled steel sheet, an alkali cleaning unit for cleaning the surfaces of a galvanized steel sheet with alkali cleaning water when the base steel sheet is the galvanized steel sheet, and a rinsing unit. The acid pickling unit and the alkali cleaning unit are selectively used on the basis of kinds of the base steel sheet supplied from the uncoiler.

Abstract: A method for end-to end joining of paper rolls into a continuous core master is provided. The primary goal of the method is to produce usable paper roll cores from those returned for recycling after use. According to the aforementioned method, the ends of core sections are reworked into complementary shapes required for mating a joint, glue is applied to the complementary mating surfaces of the joint, the ends of the core sections are pushed in an axial direction abutting each other and the glue is set. The cross section of the cores is trued circular at least over the area of the joined core sections by applying a radial, compressive trueing force on the joint. The trueing force is also used for braking axial travel of the core sections during the joining of the core sections. An apparatus for implementing the method is also provided.

Abstract: An indexer system for a plastic pipe butt-fusion machine of the type having a machine super-structure, parallel horizontal support shafts affixed to the super-structure, a first clamp system for removably grasping an end portion of a first length of plastic pipe, a second clamp system for removably grasping an end portion of a second length of plastic pipe and an actuator system for moving the plastic pipes toward and away from each other, the indexing system having an indexer shaft mounted on the super-structure spaced from and parallel to the support shafts, an indexer carriage slidable on the indexer shaft, a facer and a heater pivotally secured to the indexer carriage, a translation mechanism for laterally positioning the indexer carriage to thereby locate the facer and heater between lengths of plastic pipe and a structural beam secured to the super-structure and parallel to the indexer shaft, the indexer carriage being slidably secured to the structural beam so that it is retained in predetermined orien

Abstract: A functional film sticking apparatus includes: a separator peeling unit for peeling a separator from a functional film having the separator stuck on the functional film via an adhesive; a functional film sticking unit for sticking the functional film, from which the separator has been peeled by the separator peeling unit, on a panel surface; and a film fixing portion for carrying the functional film at least from the separator peeling unit to the functional film sticking unit while holding the functional film by suction, the film fixing portion being provided with a roller for sticking the functional film. The separator peeling unit is provided with a suction device for sucking, upon peeling the separator from the functional film, the atmosphere at the portion to be peeled and its neighborhood, or is provided with an electrostatic eraser for removing, upon peeling the separator from the functional film, electrostatic charges at the portion to be peeled and its neighborhood.

Abstract: A substrate on which a plurality of thin films having a plurality of cross-sections corresponding to the cross-section of a micro-structure are formed is placed on a substrate holder. The substrate holder is elevated to bond a thin film formed on the substrate to the surface of a stage, and by lowering the substrate holder, the thin film is separated from the substrate and transferred to the stage side. The transfer process is repeated to laminate a plurality of thin films on the stage and to form the micro-structure. Accordingly, there are provided a micro-structure having high dimensional precision, especially high resolution in the lamination direction, which can be manufactured from a metal or an insulator such as ceramics and can be manufactured in the combined form of structural elements together, and a manufacturing method and an apparatus thereof.

Abstract: A group for joining the ends of closed-loop abrasive belts, including a machine for the preparation of the end edges of the strips of abrasive belt and an assembling machine including a support arm around which the strips of abrasive belt are wound in a closed loop, and a press unit for joining the relative end edges. The input end of the support arm of the assembling machine is situated immediately next to and on the extension of the edge preparation machine.