Abstract: A promoter for improving the adhesion of rubber to metals is obtained by reacting an alkaline earth borate such as calcium borate with a cobalt or nickel carboxylate. Preferred carboxylates contain 3-24 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A rubber adherable ferrous substrate for use in reinforcing vulcanizable elastomeric products includes a cold worked steel wire having a brass alloy coating of specified compact structure on its surface. There is provided also a process for covering a steel wire substrate with a compact alloy coating, in particular a thin brass diffusion coating having a specified permeability.

Abstract: A process for preparing an aqueous adhesive composition which comprises preparing a solvent dispersion by mixing rubber, carbon black, vulcanizing agent, tackifying resin and accelerator with sufficient organic solvent to form a solvent dispersion and thereafter emulsifying the solvent dispersion in the presence of water to form an aqueous emulsion. The aqueous emulsion may be used to bond unvulcanized rubber compounds, such as a tread stock to the carcass portion during the formation of a tire.

Abstract: A tire-reinforcing dip cord composed of nylon 6 and/or nylon 66 fiber is described. The dip cord has (1) a strength at break of at least 8.2 g/d, (2) an elongation of at least 18% under a load of 8 g/d, (3) a gradient not larger than 0.75 in the load-elongation curve immediately before break, and (4) a cord diameter variation ratio (D/D.sub.o) (D=cord diameter under a load of 450 g and D.sub.o =cord diameter under no load) not larger than 0.65. The dip cord is prepared by treating a nylon 6 and/or nylon 66 cord yarn with an adhesive wherein at least one of the following processes (i) and (ii) is employed: (i) the adhesive treatment is carried out under elongation of at least 3%, and (ii) as the adhesive, a liquid mixture of a resorcinol/formaldehyde (R/F) condensate and a rubber latex is used, in which at least 20 wt. % of the condensate has a R/F molar ratio of 1/1.9-1/1.

Abstract: The use of a small amount of a polyhydroxy containing anthraquinone compound in a rubber ply or skim stock greatly improves the humid aged adhesion of the rubber stock to brass plated steel cords or fabric. This invention is particularly useful in tires with steel cords or belts. The following formula describes the anthraquinone compound: ##STR1## where two of the R's are hydroxyl radicals and the remaining R's are selected from the group consisting of --H, --OH, --CH.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, --CH.sub.2 OH and --COOH, at least four of the remaining R's being --H.

Abstract: A method for treating fibers which comprises modifying the surface of a fiber of a polyester which shows anisotrophy in the molten state by subjecting the fiber to a low-temperature plasma irradiation, said method enabling to obtain fibers which comprise highly oriented molecules, are highly crystalline and hence exhibit a high tenacity and a high modulus of elasticity.The fibers thus obtained are suitable as a reinforcing material, exhibit an excellent adhesion to matrices to be reinforced and can give a satisfactory strength to the resulting composite material.

Abstract: Good adhesion of rubber to metal is very important in rubber articles containing metal reinforcement. For example, in a steel belted tire good adhesion between the tire rubber and the metal tire cord is of utmost importance. Good metal to rubber adhesion is also of great importance in a variety of other rubber products, including power transmission belts, conveyor belts, and rubber hoses containing metal reinforcements. This invention reveals the use of certain adhesion promoters that are useful in rubber products containing metal reinforcements. More specifically, this invention discloses the use of allyl phosphite esters, allyl phosphate esters, 5-nitro isatoic anhydride, iminodiacetic acids, N-substituted iminodiacetic acids, salts of N-substituted iminodiacetic acids, and salts of iminodiacetic acids as adhesion promoters in composites containing rubber and metal.

Abstract: A pneumatic radial tire comprising: (1) a cylindrical tread portion; (2) side portions located at both sides of the tread portion and extending inwardly in the radial direction; (3) bead portions located at the inner edge portions of the side portions; (4) a carcass comprising at least one ply which is reinforced with a belt arranged on the inside of the tread portion, wherein said belt and/or said carcass ply is reinforced by steel cords; and (5) a rubber composition surrounding the steel cords, wherein said rubber composition comprises: (a) 100 parts by weight of at least one rubber selected from the group consisting of natural rubber and dienic synthetic rubber; (b) 0.1-5.0 parts by weight of alkadiene sulfone; and (c) 0.05-1.0 parts by metal weight of at least one metal salt of an organic acid selected from the group consisting of cobalt salt of an organic acid and nickel salt of an organic acid.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for the treatment of yarn which comprises applying an aqueous emulsion of a polyester/epoxy adhesive to the yarn. The polyester/epoxy adhesive comprises a water emulsifiable polyester capped with an isocyanate group and an epoxide which is dispersed in water to fYorm an emulsion.

Abstract: Composite of rubber and metal reinforcement where the rubber contains borate and a cross-linkable monomer. Cured composite is useful as component for rubber tires, industrial belts and hose.

Abstract: An adhesive composition for bonding fibers to a rubber is made of an aqueous dispersion composed mainly of a resorcinol/formaldehyde resin and a rubbery vinylpyridine copolymer latex. Particles of the rubbery vinylpyridine copolymer latex having a weight-average particle size of at least 0.15 micron, provided when the weight-average particle size is less than 0.16 micron, the particles having a particle size of at least 0.18 micron amount to at least 5% by weight.

Abstract: A composition comprising at least one sulfur-vulcanizable rubber, this composition being intended to adhere to at least one metallic surface during the course of vulcanization, is characterized by the fact that it further comprises from 0.1 to 2 parts by weight of nickel, present in the form of nickel (II) acetylacetonate, per 100 parts by weight of rubber.

Abstract: Radial tires having highly improved durable life by using a rubber composition prepared by incorporating a given amount of a primary fatty acid having 6-10 carbon atoms and/or metal salts of thereof to a rubber for embedding rubber for steel cords in belt portion or carcass portion of radial tires. By further adding thereto cobalt salt of organic acids other than the above described fatty acids and/or boric acid or a metal salt of boric acid, the corrosion resistance of steel cords is synergistically improved.

Abstract: This invention reveals a steel wire element useful in the reinforcement of rubber articles in which the steel wire is provided with an adhesive coating comprising a ternary brass alloy containing about 55 percent to about 75 percent by weight copper, about 15 to about 45 percent by weight zinc, and about 0.1 to about 10 percent by weight iron. Preferably this ternary brass alloy will contain about 1 to 5 percent by weight iron. The ternary alloy may be formed by sequentially electroplating layers of copper, iron and zinc followed by heating to promote the diffusion of the copper, iron and zinc layers. The steel wire elements of this invention are useful in the reinforcement of vehicle tires, power transmission belts, conveyor belts, hoses, and the like.

Abstract: A universal cement composition is disclosed suitable for both natural and synthetic rubber based tire compounds which solves the tack and cured adhesion problems heretofore encountered at the tread splice region of radial and bias/belted tires. The composition disclosed contains 75 to 90 parts by weight ("wt") of a cis-polybutadiene elastomer, 10 to 25 parts by wt of natural rubber, 5 to 30 parts by wt of a phenolic tackifying resin, and 40 to 80 parts by wt of a fine reinforcing carbon black and has an AMEDA carbon black dispersion rating of from 96 to 99 percent.

Abstract: Rubber articles which consist of a brass-plated steel cord, or a steel cord which is provided with an alloy layer, and a peroxidically cross-linkable rubber exhibit a good adhesion when the steel cord is sheathed with a rubber mixture B which contains sulphur or a sulphur donor and has a layer thickness .ltoreq.3 mm, a peroxide-containing rubber mixture A is then applied to the rubber mixture B, and the layers are vulcanised together at a temperature of from 130.degree. to 220.degree. C.

Abstract: Polyester reinforcement fibers are treated to improve adhesion to rubber by applying a dissolved aromatic urethane coating to the fibers followed by coating the fibers with a resorcinol-formaldehyde latex and then heating the fibers sufficiently to convert the aromatic urethane to an aromatic isocyanate and applying to and curing a layer of rubber on said treated polyester fibers.

Abstract: A latex is prepared by polymerizing (a) an addition polymerizable oxazoline (such as 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) and (b) at least one other monomer (such as a mixture of styrene and butadiene). The latexes of this invention are useful for promoting adhesion between a polymeric elastomer and a substrate, especially for promoting adhesion between tire cords and tire rubber.

Abstract: The adhesion of fibrous polymeric aromatic amide reinforcing material to rubber stock is improved by treating the fibrous material with an aliphatic sulfonylazide having the general formula R(Cl).sub.x (SO.sub.2 N.sub.3).sub.y, where R is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing at least 5 carbon atoms, y is from about 1 to about 4 and x is from 0 up to about 2y; heating the treated fibrous material at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to decompose substantially all the sulfonylazide groups; then coating the resulting material with an adhesive; and finally, embedding the coated material into rubber stock which is then vulcanized.

Abstract: A filament, and optionally a cord of cabled filaments, as a composite of (A) a filament and/or cord of steel, (B) a brass and/or zinc coating thereon and (C) a undercoat comprised of selected compounds. The invention further relates to a composite of such filament and/or cord as a reinforcement with rubber.

Abstract: An adhesive activated (AA) polyester cord, aramid cord, and fabrics made therefrom, may be coated in a one-step dip comprising an aqueous dispersion of a solid finely divided reversibly blocked polyisocyanate (RBP), an adhesive latex of a diene polymer, and a dispersion of an acrylic resin selected from the group consisting of a homopolymer of a monomer, or a copolymer of two or more monomers having the structure ##STR1## wherein, R represents H, methyl, ethyl, Cl or CN, and, X represents hydroxyl (OH), hydroxymethylamino (NHCH.sub.2 OH), or alkoxy (O-alkyl) having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Automobile tires made from fabric coated with the one-step combination R/F/L, acrylic resin and RBP dip have comparable of better properties, as evidenced by test results of tires tested to destruction, than those of tires made with fabric treated with a two-step bath, the first bath containing the RBP and the second bath containing the R/F/L and acrylic resin.

Abstract: Humid aged adhesion of rubber containing a phenol formaldehyde resin bonded directly to bright steel cord is improved by coating the bright steel cord with an amino functional organo silane.

Abstract: An aqueous coating composition is provided for filamentary materials that yields coated filamentary material with improved weavability and that yields reinforced elastomeric materials having improved properties of flexibility and fatigue resistance. The aqueous adhesive coating composition has a vinyl-pyridine-containing copolymer or terpolymer latex, a non-selfcrosslinkable elastomeric latex, a carboxylated butadiene polymer, and a phenolic aldehyde condensate polymer. The vinyl pyridine-containing elastomeric latex is produced from a vinyl pyridine-containing monomer, 1,3-diene hydrocarbon monomer or the terpolymer is produced in the same way with the addition of a vinyl containing monomer. The non-selfcrosslinkable elastomeric latex has a low gel content of less than around 40 weight percent and a low average particle size of less than around 2000 angstroms.

Abstract: An aqueous coating composition for filamentary materials that are to be used in reinforcing elastomeric matrix materials is provided that renders reinforced elastomeric materials having improved properties of flexibility and fatigue resistance. The aqueous adhesive coating composition has a vinyl-pyridine-containing copolymer or terpolymer latex, a phenolic aldehyde condensate polymer, and a non-self-crosslinkable elastomeric latex with a low gel content of less than around 40 weight percent and a low average particle size of less than around 2000 angstroms. The vinyl pyridine-containing elastomeric latex is produced from a vinyl pyridine-containing monomer, 1,3-diene hydrocarbon monomer or the terpolymer is produced in the same way with the addition of a vinyl containing monomer. In addition the aqueous adhesive coating composition may contain a wax emulsion, antioxidant, and carboxylated styrene butadiene copolymer latex.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved multi-filament polyester fibrous material for incorporation into rubber which bears a topcoat comprising the combination of a dissolved, active isocyanate compound together with an endcapped silicone glycol copolymer. The multi-filament polyester material of the invention exhibits improved initial and long term adhesion to rubber and rubber articles prepared from the material of the invention exhibited improved endurance properties.

Abstract: A method of making a composite, e.g. a hose comprises (i) applying a treatment agent to the surface of a vulcanizable rubber composition, then (ii) vulcanizing the rubber composition and then (iii) solidifying a polymeric material e.g. a vinyl chloride polymer in contact with the vulcanized treated rubber composition.