Abstract: A fluid sampling system for collecting a fluid sample, the sampling system comprising a detachable sampling device having a recipient, an entrance valve for controlling entry of a fluid into the recipient, an exit valve for controlling exit of the fluid from the recipient, and a data storage device for storing data related to the fluid sample.

Abstract: A microdistillation column for the quantitative steam distillation of cyanide, phenolic compounds, hydrogen fluoride, ammonia, sulfites and other volatile analyte compounds from samples of environmental waters and sludge for their subsequent analysis involves volatilizing the water in the sample tube of the microdistillation column. The pressure which develops due to the water vapor forces all volatile compounds from the water sample, including the water itself, through a hydrophobic membrane and into the collector tube of the microdistillation column. The volatile compounds and the water vapor condense in the cooler collector tube and are quantitatively trapped and retained over the membrane. Relatively small samples may be distilled in the column.

Abstract: A method of discharging material from a rotary furnace is disclosed, which method comprises the steps of feeding the material from a preheater into the rotary furnace under gastight conditions, subjecting the material to heat treatment within the rotary furnace, connecting the inlet port of a container to the discharge opening of the rotary furnace, discharging the material from the rotary furnace while maintaining gastight conditions, and thereafter detaching the container from the rotary furnace.

Abstract: A process and system for recovering the materials from an aqueous solution is disclosed. Dissolved materials in the aqueous solution are solidified as the aqueous solution is caused to be changed from liquid to vapor state, and the solidified materials along with suspended materials, if any, are collected. The aqueous solution is caused to be changed from liquid to vapor state at a filter which passes the vapor but blocks passage of liquid, and the filter has a vacuum at the side opposite to that of the aqueous solution so that the vapor is withdrawn through the filter and the solid materials collected on the filter. The system includes a thin film filter that is releasably clamped against a container so that one side of the filter contacts aqueous solution such as water in the container with a vacuum pumping device exerting vacuum pressure on the other side of the filter of less than about 4 mm of Hg. The system is particularly useful for determining impurities in water.

Abstract: A pressure column of the analyzer communicates with a concentrator made up of a plurality of series-connected evaporators. Arranged at the outlet of a first evaporator is an electroconductivity sensor whose output signal indicates ammonia concentration, and the first evaporator's throttle is provided with a passage aperture which is peferably 1.5 or 2 times less than the throttles of the other evaporators. Provided at the outlet of the last evaporator is another electroconductivity sensor whose output signal indicates the concentration of salts. Both sensors are optionally connected to a common recorder, thereby ensuring simultaneous recording of the concentration of both salts and ammonia.

Abstract: Purity of boiler feedwater being the effluent of a condensate polishing plant in a steam power station is determined by a method in which some of the effluent is used as feedwater for an auxiliary boiler. The blow down from this boiler, which uses a much higher evaporation ratio than the main steam generator, is sampled and provides -- by measurement of its conductivity -- an indirect determination of condensate purity. With a condensate polishing plant consisting of more than two, e.g. three filter units, and with one filter unit shut down for regeneration one uses as feedwater for the auxiliary boiler effluent of that one of the other two filters which is nearest to its exhaustion state, i.e. the filter which has been in operation the longest at this time.