Abstract: A tert-C4-C8-alkyl (meth)acrylate is prepared by reacting (meth)acrylic acid with an olefin of the formula 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved falling strand devolatilizer apparatus and method for devolatilization of viscous solutions to yield viscous liquids with lower content of volatile solvents, unreacted components, and reaction byproducts. The novel apparatus utilizes a devolatilization system comprised of a single vessel with two or more liquid compartments or zones, a recirculation loop, and one or more manifold and stranding distributor assemblies to divide the viscous liquid stream into a plurality of strands for effective devolatilization. A stranded stream of solution is dropped through a first zone of the chamber and collected at the bottom, the stream is recirculated, and then dropped through a second zone of the vessel and separately collected. Devolatilization is accomplished by stranding thi falling streams to optimum parameters.

Abstract: A reflection column which contains liquid distributors having at least 500 drip points/m2, which are arranged at an angle of about 90° C. to cloth layers of packing elements located immediately therebelow; and a combination of insulation and protective heating. The column is advantageously used for the rectification of mixtures of high-boiling air- or temperature-sensitive substances requiring effective separation efficiency.

Abstract: A mixture containing oxygen is introduced into a distillation column (1); an intermediate stream, substantially free from impurities heavier than oxygen, is withdrawn (at 17) at a level of the column located above the point (4) of introduction of the air, the point (22) of withdrawal being separated from this point (4) of introduction by a distillation section (6), particularly with packing; the stream withdrawn (at 17) is sent to an oxygen purification column (2), and a reflux liquid is distributed over the section (6) by a distributor (9). A predetermined non-uniformity of the distribution of the reflux liquid over the upper surface (8) of the section (6) is effected in at least one localized region (23) of this surface.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to reduce the number of instruments used in a distillation apparatus to thereby simplify control.

Abstract: A deflecting element for the vapors which are released inside an evaporation chamber (1) into which opens a vertical pipe (6) feeding from the top the product to be concentrated, which is sprinkled through a perforated plate (7) fixed to a collet (16) arranged at the end of pipe (6) surrounded by a bell-like body (17), coaxially arranged with respect to it, characterized in that it is formed of a cylindrical cover (11) having the lateral face provided with a plurality of holes (12), the upper circumference (14) fixed in a tight way to the voult of evaporation chamber (1) and the lower circumferences connected to a frustoconical body (13) whose minor base is, in its turn, connected to a cylindrical collar (15) surrounding in a non-tight way the terminal collet (16) of the pipe (6) whereto perforated plate (7) is fixed, which sprinkles the product to be concentrated inside the evaporation chamber (1).

Abstract: A distillation column and method in which a plurality of beds of structured packing are provided within a column shell and are configured to contact liquid and vapor phases of the mixture to be distilled. At least one liquid redistributor is located between the beds of structured packing to redistribute the liquid of the liquid phase and an annular collector is located above the liquid distributor to direct liquid to the liquid distributor. The annular collector acs as a constriction to produce a central flow of the vapor phase which can result in decreased performance of overlying beds of structured packing. In order to overcome this potential problem, a truncated bed of structured packing is provided directly above the annular collector to promote a more uniform distribution of such central vapor flow in a transverse direction of the column shell.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method, and an apparatus, for forming a prescribed concentration of a substance in a mixture with a fluid, from a comparatively dilute mixture. The mixture is most preferably a solution of a solute in a solvent. The following summary and description generally discuss the invention in terms of a particularly preferred solution and a preferred use for that solution; however, in its broadest embodiments, the invention encompasses both the use for other solutions, and the use for a suspension of a solid substance in a fluid to form a mixture (which can also be referred to as a slurry). The invention provides for significant economic, safety and quality benefits over conventional evaporative systems.

Abstract: An apparatus for carrying out mass transfer processes with high-viscosity liquids is described, particularly for boiling down and/or devolatilizing polymer melts, comprising at least a vertically arranged vessel (1) having a feeder means (4) for the liquid to be treated, an outlet (7) for volatile components and an outlet (6) for the treated liquid, the feeder means (4) being equipped with a distributor element (3) having a multiplicity of orifices (8, 10) for subdividing the high-viscosity liquid to be treated into a multiplicity of individual streams, characterized in that essentially vertically arranged wire loops (2) are disposed in the vicinity of the orifices (8, 10), along which wire loops the high-viscosity liquid runs off under the action of gravity.

Abstract: There is provided a feed distributor for feeding liquid to a liquid distributor. The feed distributor has an elongated body sized to extend across the liquid distributor and an inlet defined in the one of the ends thereof. One or more passageways are provided within the body extending between the ends of the body. Each passageway has an elongated outlet configured to discharge the liquid across the liquid distributor. Each passageway has a taper configured to promote a constant liquid velocity within the passageway. As a result, a uniform liquid distribution of the liquid out of the elongated outlet and therefore to the liquid distributor are promoted.

Abstract: A liquid distributor includes a principal container with a perforated bottom, as well as transport members to transmit, by gravity, the liquid from at least one opening in the perforated bottom, to a supply point not in vertical alignment with this opening.

Abstract: A large and economical type of multi-stack vertical tube evaporator (MS-VTE) is disclosed having units of multiple stacks of vertical tube bundles or stages mounted in a single vessel, and having its liquid feed pumped to the uppermost VTE bundle stack or stage and having the feed then cascading downward through the lower bundle stacks in series flow, and wherein all the tube bundles are heated with the same waste steam of no or low $-value, e.g. with turbine reject steam in parallel flow under vacuum into the steam-sides of all tube bundles in the unit through a common steam conduit; and wherein the feed liquid is progressively evaporated from stage to stage or stack to stack and the vapors produced in the tubes of each bundle during the partial evaporation of the feed are separated between the stacks and condensed by parallel flow into one or more condensers.

Abstract: This liquid distributor includes: a primary distributor (13) including liquid-distribution openings and delimiting N1 first compartments (22), each provided with liquid feed elements means (10, 11); and a secondary distributor (14), arranged under the primary distributor (13) and including a dish with openworked perforated bottom which occupies substantially the entire cross-section of the distillation column (2), this dish being subdivided by partitions (25) into N2 second compartments (24), with N2>N1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchange element (1) which is made up of a bag of a film material, such as plastic film, and to a heat exchanger made up of such heat exchange elements, the heat exchanger being suitable, for example, for the evaporation of effluents which contain solid matter, such as effluents from bleaching. The transfer of heat takes place in the bags (1) from a vapor condensing in the interior (3) of the bags to a liquid evaporating on their exterior surfaces (2). The forming evaporated vapor may be recycled via a compressor to the interior of the bags as heating vapor so that the heat exchanger will function as a distillation apparatus.