Abstract: One or more water distillation chambers are provided wherein water containing salt or other impurities enters an upper inlet at a chamber and flows down a solar heated evaporative surface. The evaporative surface may be the interior of a pipe or the surface of a bottom sheet enclosed by a cover. In this way, the steam produced in the process will be constrained and be guided into a steam drum. The steam drum interior has cooling tubes whereby vapor entering the steam drum will be condensed into fresh water and collected for use. The cover may be heated to limit the amount of vapor condensing back into water before entering the steam drum. Multiple evaporation chambers and steam collection stages limit the distance water vapor must travel before entering a steam drum of a given stage, thereby minimizing the loss of water vapor through re-condensation before the vapor enters the steam drum.

Abstract: A method is described for evaporating liquid samples contained in sample holders mounted within a chamber and rotated by the rotor during an evaporation process in which the pressure in the chamber is reduced below atmospheric and the sample holders are rotated at high speed so as to exert centrifugal force on the contents of the holders. Heat is supplied to elevate the temperature of the liquid component of the samples to assist in the evaporation process. The temperature of the sample material is continuously or regularly monitored during the evaporation process and temperature signals are transmitted to a remote computing means which is programmed to generate a control signal for controlling the supply of heat to the samples and controlling the evaporation process. The temperature may be sensed by a probe in a sample holder containing an evaporating liquid sample, or in an adjoining sample holder containing a buffer liquid.

Abstract: A desalination device includes a saltwater input line and a desalinator having a water input connected to the input line, a fresh water output and a brine output. A fuel cell generates electricity and is connected to an energy source for the desalinator. A heat exchanger transfers waste heat from the fuel cell to desalinator.

Abstract: Described is a process for evaporating a portion of a colloidal solution, said process comprising: a) passing a colloidal solution, said colloidal solution comprising particles in a liquid medium, wherein at least a portion of said liquid medium comprises at least one volatile component, through one or more orifices into an evaporation zone that has at least one inner surface, wherein said colloidal solution does not substantially contact said at least one inner surface of said evaporation zone as said colloidal solution is passed through said evaporation zone; b) applying pressure in said evaporation zone that is lower than the vapor pressure of said colloidal solution as it is passed into said evaporation zone, allowing for flash evaporation of at least a portion of said at least one volatile component from said colloidal solution; c) adjusting the pressure in said evaporation zone to evaporate an amount of said at least one volatile component from said colloidal solution; and d) collecting the remaining co

Abstract: A method for distilling water includes the steps of entering brine to be distilled into a sub-atmospheric boiler having a brine section with a brine output and a water vapor output; concentrating brine in the brine section to a concentration of at least 250 grams of salt or contaminants per liter; stirring the brine in the brine section; and exiting the brine through the brine output. A distiller with a subatmospheric boiler having a stirring device is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved falling strand devolatilizer apparatus and method for devolatilization of viscous solutions to yield viscous liquids with lower content of volatile solvents, unreacted components, and reaction byproducts. The novel apparatus utilizes a devolatilization system comprised of a single vessel with two or more liquid compartments or zones, a recirculation loop, and one or more manifold and stranding distributor assemblies to divide the viscous liquid stream into a plurality of strands for effective devolatilization. A stranded stream of solution is dropped through a first zone of the chamber and collected at the bottom, the stream is recirculated, and then dropped through a second zone of the vessel and separately collected. Devolatilization is accomplished by stranding thi falling streams to optimum parameters.

Abstract: Method and system for evaporating at least one substance. During at least one dosing phase (TG) a predefined or predefinable quantity of a product (M) which contains, or consists of, at least one substance to be evaporated is imported via a feed system (7, 14, 17, 33, 36) into a revolving vessel (2). The revolving vessel is rotated around an axis of rotation (R) and appropriate process conditions for the evaporation of at least one substance are generated or maintained. The flow (F) of the product (M) is automatically controlled or regulated by the feed system (14, 17) during the dosing phase (TG) in particular as a function of at least one process parameter and/or of at least one characteristic property of the product. The product (M) is imported into the revolving vessel (2) in the course of the dosing phase only during predefined feed periods (t1, t2) that are interrupted by intervening intervals and especially idle intervals (t1, t2).

Abstract: A method of removing substantially all solvent from a solution containing a polyphenylene ether polymer resin with little by-product formation (less than 250 ppm) is provided. The method employs a wiped thin film evaporator with a cylindrical heating chamber operating under conditions that satisfy the relationships defined by Equations I and II.

Abstract: This invention provides a concentrator capable of drawing out a concentrate of a constant concentration.

Abstract: A distillation system (10) is provided for recovering water from sea water and other polluted water source. The system (10) has a heat engine (12) embodying Carnot cycle and a Rankine cycle formed by heat exchangers (16 and 24), flash evaporator (26) and condenser (32). Burnt gases from the engine (12) such as a jet engine no longer fit for flying are directed into a duct (14) where the exchangers (16) and (24) are located. Sea water is pumped into the heat exchanger (24) for preheating by residue heat in the duct (14) and then into the exchanger (16) for further heating. A recirculating pump (20) raises water pressure in the exchanger (16) for increasing boiling point to about 165° C. The heated water is fed into the evaporator (26) where it changes into vapour and the condensed into water by the condenser (32). The jet air stream is used to create Venturi effect for maintaining sub-atmospheric pressure in the evaporator (26). Any solid left in the evaporator (26) is removed by a transfer mechanism (50).

Abstract: The operation of the dividing wall section of a dividing wall column is controlled by a control apparatus comprising a ratio controller which divides the liquid flowing into the dividing wall section. The rate of return of overhead liquid to the column is set by monitoring the temperature in the top of the product dividing wall section and the sidecut product draw rate is set by monitoring a temperature in the bottom of the product dividing wall section.

Abstract: A process for recovering processing liquids such as gas-treating liquids wherein a feed mixture containing the processing liquid, water, and optionally additional components that are more volatile than the processing liquid and components that are less volatile than the processing liquid, is initially heated in a first heating zone to a temperature sufficient to volatilize at least some of the water and a portion of the processing liquid without decomposing the processing liquid to produce a vapor stream containing volatilized water and processing liquid and a residuum containing the bulk of the processing liquid and less volatile component, the vapor stream being separated from the residuum and treated to produce recycle streams of water, purified processing liquid, and low and high boiling liquid fractions recovered from the purified processing liquid.

Abstract: A distilling apparatus and method use a two step distillation and purification process for processing a waste liquid, such as an impure sulfuric acid solution, to form a highly concentrated sulfuric acid solution. First, the waste liquid is stored in a concentrating column, where it is heated. A condenser, which uses the waste liquid as a cooling medium, condenses the vapor generated by the heater. The condensed vapor is passed through a filter, which separates impurities out of the waste liquid, prior to feeding the waste liquid back into the concentrating column. Water is then removed from the waste liquid via a distilling process. The resulting concentrated liquid is then fed to a purifying column, where it is again heated, to remove residue, and condensed, resulting in a highly pure waste liquid.

Abstract: In a rotary evaporator, the rotating speed of the rotating flask is automatically controlled or regulated dependent upon a detected process value, particularly the vibration behavior or the mass moment of inertia of the rotating flask.

Abstract: The present invention reduces the energy required to distill fluids (water, light crude, etc.) and operate electric and/or power generate steam turbines through a process of encapsulating these systems in reduced atmospheric temperature environments. This invention includes both the innovative process of operating existing distillers and turbines in a vacuum, and introduces an energy free process for drawing the vacuum the systems operate in.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein provides methods for monitoring performance and efficiency for multi-effect evaporator systems. The invention also provides methods for monitoring the nonvolatile content of liquid products by determination of a boiling point rise. The invention involves monitoring methods that are improved over previous methods in view of their simplicity, and/or effectiveness, and/or, low cost. The methods of the invention enable system monitoring and problem diagnosis using measurements of a relatively small number of relatively easily accessible process operating parameters.

Abstract: Device for evaporation and condensation in a closed environment The present invention relates to a device (1) for evaporation and condensation in a closed environment consisting essentially of an evaporation receptacle (2), a heating means (7) for said evaporation receptacle (2) and a condensation receptacle (3) connected in a substantially sealed manner to said evaporation receptacle (2), characterised in that said evaporation (2) and condensation (3) receptacles are connected to each other, at their openings (2′, 3′), extending on either side of a common separation plane (4) in such a way that the arrangement of said receptacles (2, 3) forms substantially an inverted “V” with a sharp point and in that substantially the entire surface area of the wall (6) forming the evaporation receptacle (2) is brought, by said heating means (7), to the same temperature T1 higher than the highest temperature T2 of the wall (5) forming the condensation receptacle (3).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method, and an apparatus, for forming a prescribed concentration of a substance in a mixture with a fluid, from a comparatively dilute mixture. The mixture is most preferably a solution of a solute in a solvent. The following summary and description generally discuss the invention in terms of a particularly preferred solution and a preferred use for that solution; however, in its broadest embodiments, the invention encompasses both the use for other solutions, and the use for a suspension of a solid substance in a fluid to form a mixture (which can also be referred to as a slurry). The invention provides for significant economic, safety and quality benefits over conventional evaporative systems.

Abstract: A mixed liquid of two or more components different in boiling temperature from each other and soluble in or compatible with each other is evaporated into a mixed vapor having a similar composition to that of the mixed liquid by using an apparatus having a thin film evaporator (1) having a feed inlet (1a) and a delivery outlet (1b), while forcedly circulating the non-evaporated portion of the mixed multi-component liquid by withdrawing the non-evaporated mixed liquid portion from the delivery side end portion of the evaporator and returning the mixed liquid portion into the feed side end portion of the evaporator through a circulating line (3), and the resultant mixed multi-component vapor can be used as a mixed material vapor for a gas phase catalytic reaction for producing, for example, a mono and/or a di-alkylether of an aromatic dihydroxy compound.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for concentrating slurries by removing liquid in a single effect unit maintained under vacuum to effect low temperature flashing of the liquid. The single effect unit is a single flash column with separate recirculation loops, one to preheat incoming slurry for concentration and a separate loop for withdrawal of concentrated slurry Vapor from the flash column can be treated to separate liquid from other components in the vapor.

Abstract: A system for recovering glycol from glycol and brine mixtures produced from oil or natural gas wells that combines energy efficiency with a capability for handling salt and other solids contained in the mixture. The system comprises three effect evaporator systems in series. Each effect evaporator system comprises an evaporator, a separator vessel, product pumps, and a solids removal system. The process utilizes the system to remove salt and other solids as well as excess water leaving a glycol stream that can be reused as a hydrate inhibitor. The process begins by preheating a glycol/brine stream comprising approximately fifty percent (50%) glycol. The stream is then subjected to three evaporation cycles. The first evaporation cycle comprises introducing the preheated stream into a suppressed boiling point evaporator where the stream is heated under a constant pressure. The stream pressure is then dropped to cause a portion of the water contained in the stream to vaporize or flash.

Abstract: An essential oil evaporator has timing control by a controller for audio and visual effect. The controller controls a loud speaker and an LED lamp in a progressive and synchronous way. Moreover, the controller also activates a heater through a trigger unit. Therefore, the user can aware the turn on and turn off of the heater with the help of audio and visual effect.

Abstract: A water distiller has a sub-atmospheric boiler having a non-recirculating brine section, an input, a brine output and a vapor output. The input is for water to be distilled, the brine output for brine, and the vapor output for water vapor. A compressor is connected to the vapor output for heating the water vapor, and an heated vapor line is connected to an output of the compressor, the heated vapor line heating the brine section.

Abstract: An apparatus for the desalination or purification of water comprises a non-solid vessel (3) having a bottom defining an opening, the vessel (3) capable of being partially submerged below the surface of a body of water, a pan (5) located within the vessel (3), the pan (5) being flexibly connected to the inner wall of the vessel (3) and being located beneath the surface of the water (13), a lens fixably connected to the top of the vessel (3), wherein the lens is focused beneath the surface of the water (13) and above the surface of the pan (5) means for varying the orientation of the vessel (3) in accordance with the location of the sun, and means for condensing steam generated in the non-solid vessel (3), whereby steam generated in the non-solid vessel (3) is condensed outside of the non-solid vessel (3).

Abstract: A distillation unit (10) employs counterflow-heat-exchanger modules (102, 104, 106, 108, and 110) to use the heat from water that has come from a rotary heat exchanger (32) to heat feed water that is being sent to it for distillation. In one of the modules the feed water is heated only by concentrate that results from the distillation process, whereas only condensate heats the feed water in the other modules. By thus employing four different flows in two sets of heat-exchanger modules rather than three flows in a single set, the distillation unit can employ relatively simple counterflow-heat-exchanger modules and easily adjust flows to achieve a desired output concentration in response to different expected feed concentrations while maintaining optimum feed flows.

Abstract: A method to treat wastewater brines to remove the salts prior to discharge. The method includes evaporating the water component of the pretreatment effluent into the atmosphere.

Abstract: A heavy oil emulsified fuel evaporator system is provided in which a heavy oil emulsified fuel, after being preheated at a preheater, flows into an evaporator to be heated and then to a separator for separation of its water content. The water content, after being separated, is used as a preheating source medium for said preheater, wherein water content separation at a predetermined level is enabled irrespective of load change in a heavy oil fuel combustion equipment, and no light oil content is discharged together with the separated water content. Heavy oil emulsified fuel 11a is preheated at a preheater 13, is heated at an evaporator 14 and flows into a separator 15 to be separated of its water content. Water content, after being separated, is sent via a piping 15a to be used as the preheating source medium for the preheater 13.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing a contaminant from a fluid feed stream containing the contaminant. The method includes the steps of providing a feed stream (10) and heating it in a first step (18) to at least partially remove some of the contaminants and recover energy from a concentrate and distillate generated. Further heating the feed stream in a second heating step (20) in a heated separator generates a saturated vapor fraction (30) and a concentrated liquid contaminant fraction. The vapor fraction (30) may be compressed (32) to generate a temperature differential in the reboiler exchanger (34) with the vapor fraction being passed into contact with a reboiler exchanger (34) to provide a stream of condensed vapor from the reboiler. The stream may be circulated through the reboiler exchanger (34) and the heated separator to maintain from about 1% to about 50% by mass vapor in the stream.

Abstract: A distilling device for converting unprocessed water into pure water comprising a fill tank, a base having a removable water tray with a boiling chamber therein for holding the unprocessed water, a removable mist chamber disposed above the base and having a heater depending therefrom into the boiling chamber to boil the unprocessed water and to convert it into a purified steam which rises into a condensation coil where a fan cools the coil and steam, causing the steam to condense into purified water and flow into a reservoir tank which also functions as a serving pitcher.

Abstract: An evaporation product discharged from a lower end a falling-film evaporator (1, 2) enters a downpipe (7), makes a 180° turn at a bottom of the downpipe, and moves upward through an annular rising channel (9) defined between the downpipe and an intermediate housing (10). As the evaporation product moves along a spiral path (12) defined by the spiral fins, centrifugal forces urges water droplets and impurities to a radial outward periphery where they pass through openings (13) in the intermediate shell as pure steam continues through the spiral path and out a pure steam outlet (21). A cooling jacket (15) chills a peripheral wall of an outer shell (14) adjacent the holes such that the discharged water droplets condense on the outer shell and flow down a reject water return path to a reject water reservoir at the bottom of the outer shell.

Abstract: An improved design of a vapor compression distiller which makes use of a rapid, highly turbulent flow through the heat-of-evaporation recovery, or primary, heat exchanger. The distiller may also include the use of turbulators to increase turbulence and mixing within the primary heat exchanger. The increased level of turbulence and mixing dramatically reduces fouling inside the primary heat exchanger and increases the heat transfer efficiency. The improvements in the distiller are maximized by recirculating the liquid to be evaporated at a high multiple of the flow rate of the liquid feed to the distiller. The distiller may also include a feed circulation loop with a secondary heat exchanger to increase the efficiency of heat-of-evaporation recovery in the evaporation/condensation cycle. Applications of the vapor compression distiller include purification of waste liquids, concentration of dilute liquid mixtures, and separation of liquid/liquid, liquid/gas, and liquid/solid mixtures.

Abstract: A method for removing a contaminant from a fluid feed stream containing the contaminant. The method includes the steps of providing a feed stream and heating it in a first step to at least partially remove some of the contaminants and recover energy from a concentrate and distillate generated. Further heating the feed stream in a second heating step in a heated separator generates a saturated vapor fraction and a concentrated liquid contaminant fraction. The vapor fraction may be compressed to generate a temperature differential in the reboiler exchanger with the vapor fraction being passed into contact with a reboiler exchanger to provide a stream of condensed vapor from the reboiler. The stream may be circulated through the reboiler exchanger and the heated separator to maintain from about 1% to about 50% by mass vapor in the stream. The apparatus includes a unique configuration of a vapor compressor, heated separator in combination with a forced circulation circuit to generate the decontamination result.

Abstract: Liquid organic material is controllably delivered to a receptacle located in the center of a heated surface capable of horizontally rotating about its central axis. As the heated surface rotates, material deposited within the central receptacle is forced outwardly and across the rotating surface. As the material moves radially, it evaporates into a vapor which is then transported to one or more nozzles. From the nozzles, the vapor is applied to a substrate and condensed. Relative to existing devices and methods, the present invention enables the evaporation of a wider variety of organic liquids, greater reliability in continuous operation, a decrease in maintenance, and a larger and more constant material flow rate.

Abstract: Liquid organic material is controllably delivered to a receptacle located in the center of a heated surface capable of horizontally rotating about its central axis. As the heated surface rotates, material deposited within the central receptacle is forced outwardly and across the rotating surface. As the material moves radially, it evaporates into a vapor which is then transported to one or more nozzles. From the nozzles, the vapor is applied to a substrate and condensed. Relative to existing devices and methods, the present invention enables the evaporation of a wider variety of organic liquids, greater reliability in continuous operation, a decrease in maintenance, and a larger and more constant material flow rate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a means of removing water, antifreeze and fuel from lubricating or hydraulic oil by evaporating these impurities and venting them out of the purifier. The oil is heated by heat of an exposed horizontal heating wand within the evaporator. The oil then passes over the upper lip of the evaporator and cascades downward over the evaporator's ridged outer surface, thereby impeding the flow of oil and increasing the rate of evaporation of the impurities. The evaporated impurities then rise upward along the interior of the domed cover and are vented out of the purifier.

Abstract: A system for dehydrating lubricating and hydraulic fluids includes a heating circuit and circuitry for creating a vacuum. The heating circuitry introduces a stream of heated fluid into a vacuum chamber in which a partial vacuum is drawn by the vacuum circuit. Aqueous components of the fluid stream are flashed in the vacuum chamber by virtue of the elevated temperature and reduced pressure. Dehydrated fluid is then collected and evacuated from the vacuum chamber. Vapor from the vacuum chamber, including the aqueous components of the fluid stream are collected, condensed and separately evacuated. The heating circuit limits surface temperature of a heating element in a closed-loop manner to avoid degradation of the fluid. The fluid stream is introduced into the vacuum chamber or is recirculated through the heating circuit to maintain a desired level of fluid temperature in a closed-loop manner.

Abstract: Wastewater treatment apparatus having a fluid receiving vessel for collecting and heating wastewater to a temperature below boiling, a superheated vaporizing chamber and at least one spray head to spray wastewater into the vaporizing chamber for conversion of the wastewater to vapor to be withdrawn from the apparatus, with the contaminants in the wastewater collected in the apparatus for separate removal.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for regenerating a contaminated solvent wherein said solvent is first separated from higher-boiling contaminants in an evaporator, and then contaminants having a lower boiling point than said solvent are separated out in a condenser in which the temperature of said lower-boiling contaminants coming out of said condenser and the temperature of said solvent coming out of said condenser are separately controlled.

Abstract: A movable water distiller capable of use in conjunction with a water heater includes a frame having a top which supports the water heater. The distiller components are supported on a tray having a guide assembly engaging a track assembly horizontally positioned in the bottom region of the frame. The guide assembly allows the distiller components to be inserted within, and extracted from, the frame interior while the track assembly maintains alignment of the tray. Alternatively, the guide assembly may be attached to the top surfaces of the track assembly. Paneling surrounds the sides and back of the frame, while a front cover is attached to the front of the tray. The front cover and the paneling enclose the interior of the frame and prevent access to the distiller components.

Abstract: A process for minimizing evaporator scaling during the recovery of liquids and solids from the aqueous effluent discharged during a partial oxidation gasification, wherein the aqueous effluent contains ammonium chloride (NH.sub.4 Cl). The aqueous effluent is evaporated to produce a distillate water and a brine having an NH.sub.4 Cl concentration of about 10 to 60 weight percent. The brine can be further concentrated and ammonium chloride crystals are recovered. The distillate water is recycled to the gasification reaction. No effluent discharges to the environment.

Abstract: A process for extracting salt from brine contained in at least one open evaporation basin. At least part of the brine is heated in a heating unit located outside the evaporation basis and returned to the evaporation basin. The heating unit is driven by waste heat from a recooling industrial plant. According to this process, climatic values and the degree of recooling are measured and evaluated in a control unit. At least part of the heated brine and some non-heated brine are sprayed by a spraying device of the evaporation basin. The amount of sprayed brine is regulated by the control unit depending on the measured data.

Abstract: An installation for cleaning oil-polluted water, in particular at oil and gas production plants, is provided with a distillation column having a polluted water feed and at least one contact packing above which the outlet of the polluted water feed is located, a vapor discharge, a clean water outlet and a measuring device for the analysis of the water from the clean water outlet.

Abstract: Distillation system having an evaporator/condenser core with heat transfer plates welded together along their edges to form alternate boiling and condensing chambers. Feed liquid is supplied to the boiling chambers through a pair of heat exchangers which preheats the liquid and a steam stripper utilizing ceramic pieces to remove gasses from the liquid. Vapor from the boiling chambers is compressed and delivered to the condensing chambers where it is condensed and gives up its heat to the liquid in the boiling chambers. Pumps positioned between the two heat exchangers draw the condensed product and unvaporized feed liquid containing dissolved solids from the evaporator/condenser and circulate them through the heat exchangers to transfer heat to the feed liquid.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming an array of multiple parallel flow orifices, for example by holes drilled through a plate in a selected pattern and spacing and of selected sizes or flow diameters, and whereby these orifices are used to provide an approximately equal and adequate distribution of liquid flowing through them as parallel streams of liquid and into an evaporation zone or a parallel array of evaporation channels, and wherein the orifices can be adjusted in flow diameter to control the flowrate of liquid in generally parallel streams with an array of orifice adjusting apparatus, for example an adjacent sliding orifice plate which provides for orifice flow rate adjustment with orifices through this second plate corresponding in position to those of the first orifice plate, and the use of such dual orifice plates for supporting a pool of liquid there-above and for controlling the flowrate of liquid through the first array of orifices by reducing or enlarging their orifice flow diameters to control

Abstract: Stripping of volatile substances from less volatile fluids as in the deodorisation and steam refining of fats and oils in an elongate conduit (1) in which the rate of flow of stripping gas is accelerated by having it emerge from a constriction (5;18) to which an inlet (6;20) for liquid feed material is operatively connected is achieved by having the path for food material downstream of the constriction (5;18) provided at intervals with inclined baffle surfaces (8) extended in the flow direction of the path across part of the cross-section thereof to project back into the gas within the path liquid film which has accumulated on the wall of the path.

Abstract: A method of separating water from an aqueous emulsion using a minimum of energy includes heating the aqueous emulsion in a sump, conveying concentrated emulsion from the sump to a heat exchanger so as to pass therethrough back to the sump, circulating water vapor and non-condensable gases from the sump through a compressor to raise its temperature and passing the heated water vapor and non-condensable gases through the heat exchanger to condense and heat the concentrated emulsion therein and evaporate water therefrom, a thermostat filled with water and water vapor, together with first and second pressure switches respectively communicating with the sump and the external atmosphere and the heat exchanger and the external atmosphere, maintaining a temperature differential between 0.5.degree. and 3.degree. C. between the aqueous emulsion in the sump and the temperature of the compressed water vapor and noncondensable gases.

Abstract: A distillation solvent recycling system is provided which is characterized by improved safety features, modular construction, a double insulated solvent reservoir, electronic control and display of system parameters, and self diagnosis of system malfunctions. The components of the system are assembled into a compact unitized structure so as to maximize safety, efficiency, portability, convenience and ease of operation and maintenance. An outer insulative and protective safety casing shields the operator from process hazards while the system is in operation. An inner lid is provided with improved sealing mechanisms for preventing the escape of toxic solvent vapors. An outer safety lid shields the operator from heat and trace vapors in the vicinity of the solvent reservoir.

Abstract: A large and economical type of multi-stack vertical tube evaporator (MS-VTE) having units of multiple stacks of vertical tube bundles or stages mounted in a single vessel, and having its liquid feed pumped to the uppermost VTE bundle stack or stage and having the feed then cascading downward through the lower bundle stacks in series flow, and wherein all the tube bundles are heated with the same waste steam of no or low $-value, e. g. with turbine reject steam in parallel flow under vacuum into the steam-sides of all tube bundles in the unit through a common steam conduit; and wherein the feed liquid is progressively evaporated from stage to stage or stack to stack and the vapors produced in the tubes of each bundle during the partial evaporation of the feed are separated between the stacks and condensed by parallel flow into one or more condensers.

Abstract: A spout-fluid bed drying system and process is comprised of a spout-fluid bed dryer having a conical shaped lower section provided with a packing of heat exchange particles. A cyclone separator is connected to the top of the dryer with separated particles collected by a receiver connected to the leg of the cyclone. A vapor fan compresses the air-vapor mixture before it goes to the heat recuperator and mixing chamber. A tube-shell type heat exchanger, wherein effluent gases from the vapor fan are preheated with heat exchange with the outcoming high temperature gases. A combustion and incineration chamber wherein a natural gas burner is installed at the top and the high temperature flame is used to incinerate the effluent gases introduced from the annulus channel of the chamber to have the odors and VOCs destroyed.

Abstract: A method for removing residual vinyl chloride monomers from an aqueous slurry is disclosed. The method preferably utilizes a tower having a plurality of vertically spaced plates, which define a plurality of chambers, each chamber defined between adjacent plates. The tower features a plate in one of the chambers having a diameter of 1.05 to 5 times larger than the diameter of the plates in chambers above and below the chamber having the large plate. The method is based upon introducing the slurry to a particular location in the tower depending upon the porosity of the polyvinyl chloride in the slurry.