Abstract: A movable water distiller capable of use in conjunction with a water heater includes a frame having a top which supports the water heater. The distiller components are supported on a tray having a guide assembly engaging a track assembly horizontally positioned in the bottom region of the frame. The guide assembly allows the distiller components to be inserted within, and extracted from, the frame interior while the track assembly maintains alignment of the tray. Alternatively, the guide assembly may be attached to the top surfaces of the track assembly. Paneling surrounds the sides and back of the frame, while a front cover is attached to the front of the tray. The front cover and the paneling enclose the interior of the frame and prevent access to the distiller components.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for evaporating a liquid containing vaporizable oxidation-sensitive compounds in an evaporator in which the liquid is brought into contact with a heated solid surface for evaporation, by a process in which direct contact between the resulting vapor phase and the heated solid surface is substantially avoided. It also directed to an evaporator composed of a heatable solid surface (16), an apparatus (2, 3) for heating the solid surface and an apparatus (10) for feeding a liquid containing vaporizable compounds to the heatable solid surface, wherein the apparatus for feeding the liquid is designed and arranged in the evaporator in such a way (12, 14, 18) that direct contact between a resulting vapor phase and the heatable solid surface is substantially avoided.

Abstract: A solar heating and evaporation plant is described which can be used to either produce distilled potable water from salty water or to heat water for industrial or domestic purposes.

Abstract: A method comprises the step of spray-drying a solution or slurry comprising (alkali metal or ammonium) (metal) hexacyanoferrate particles in a liquid, to provide monodisperse, substantially spherical particles in a yield of at least 70 percent of theoretical yield and having a particle size in the range of 1 to 500 micrometers, said particles being active towards Cs ions. The particles, which can be of a single salt or a combination of salts, can be used free flowing, in columns or beds, or entrapped in a nonwoven, fibrous web or matrix or a cast porous membrane, to selectively remove Cs ions from aqueous solutions.

Abstract: A method of concentrating chemicals for semiconductor devices, which includes the steps of heating a sample container by using a high-energy light source, vaporizing the chemicals by injecting a high-temperature gas into the sample container through an injection opening in the sample container and discharging the vaporized chemicals by the pressure of the gas through a gas outlet formed on the sample container. An apparatus of concentrating chemicals for semiconductor devices includes a sample container having a sample-supply window, a gas-injection opening and a gas outlet. A high-energy light source heats the sample container and a gas-supply source supplies the gas through a gas-injection opening in the sample container. A gas-heating device located between the sample container and the gas-supply source heats the gas provided by the gas-supply source.

Abstract: A stack type evaporator includes tubular elements 1 each having a plurality of inwardly protruding recessed ribs 7 which extend from an upper header portion 1a of the element to a lower header portion 1b, with the ribs serving as straight drainage canals 7a of specified width and area. A hydrophilic resin coating of a specific composition covers the outer surfaces of the tubular elements 1 and fins 2 each interposed between two adjacent tubular elements. The combination of straight drainage canals, the specified width and area thereof and the specific hydrophilic resin coating is effective to facilitate the drainage of condensed water so that the waterdrop is substantially prevented from flying out of the evaporator, and the hydrophilic coating itself does not emit any unpleasant smell.

Abstract: The invention relates to a distillation apparatus (1) which is suitable in particular for the distillation of sea water into fresh water. The apparatus includes a plurality of flat, bag-like elements (3) formed from a thin film material such as plastic film and placed one against the other, the elements serving as heat exchangers between a vaporizing liquid flowing along the exterior surfaces of the element and a condensing vapor directed to the inside of the element, and a compressor (15) for increasing the pressure and temperature of the generated vapor before it is directed to the inside of the elements. The essential idea of the invention is that at the upper end of each bag-like element (3) there is a honeycomb-structured end strip (4) having substantially the width of the element, the strip containing parallel feeding ducts (26) separated from each other by partition walls, the ducts distributing the liquid to be evaporated over the entire width of the element surface.

Abstract: A process for preparing a substantially pure aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide is described. An impure hydrogen peroxide solution is vaporized in a vaporizer to form a vapor containing hydrogen peroxide and a concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution in equilibrium therewith. The solution also contains impurities. A substantially pure hydrogen peroxide solution is obtained by a partially condensing the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide. In addition to the solution, a residual vapor, in equilibrium with the solution and having a lower hydrogen peroxide concentration, can be condensed in a separate condenser. The concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution obtained by the process can be regulated, for example, by regulating the condensation efficiency of the partial condensation.

Abstract: A process for preparing a high purity H.sub.2 O.sub.2 aqueous solution, which comprises the steps of: (a) feeding a crude H.sub.2 O.sub.2 aqueous solution containing H.sub.2 O.sub.2, organic carbon impurities and inorganic impurities into a distillation column having an inner wall at least the surface of which is made of a fluorine resin and internals and packings at least the surface of which are made of a fluorine resin being provided internally of the distillation column, from a bottom portion of the distillation column; (b) subjecting the crude hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution to distillation under reduced pressure and under heating the bottom portion; (c) taking out a distillate containing an extremely low concentration of H.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: A quantitative enrichment of volatile compounds from substances of the macro- to submicro field in a short time is realized by capillary distillation in a system which includes an evaporator vessel, on the bottom of which one or more filter plates are provided and which is connected to a condensing vessel by means of a capillary tube. The presence of filter plate(s) guarantees a uniform and constant boiling which facilitates the quantitative isolation of the volatile compounds.

Abstract: A portable solar still, controlled by a sun actuated mechanical valve, including a thermally insulated evaporation chamber structure within which distillation takes place, is assembled from sidewall panels and floor panels of foam plastic thermal insulation, these panels being strengthened and made into rigid structural units by metal tubes or rods incorporated internally into the foam plastic panels,a transparent cover sealing the sloping top of the evaporation chamber including a transparent, flexible, plastic film which is stretched across, and has its four boundary edges attached to, the four members of a closed rectangular frame of slender metal tubes,wick matting, disposed on the floor of the evaporation chamber including a layered mat of fine, randomly oriented,.

Abstract: A process for treating an aqueous solution mainly containing nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid. The process involves distilling to provide an aqueous solution concentrated in nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid for the separation thereof, then separating by distillation.

Abstract: Inhibition of the formation of unsaturated carbon compounds during the heating of 141b involving the addition of various inhibitors such as butylene oxide and/or the use of a vessel made of a nickel alloy.

Abstract: A rotary evaporator is described utilizing a magnetically driven fluorocarbon cylinder, operating within a solvent container, to create a thin solvent film for rapid evaporation without the usual requirement for rotating the entire solvent container assembly. Infra-red heating is employed for efficient evaporation rates. Solvent heating is controlled during evaporation by a single temperature probe, turning the infra-red heater on and off on demand of the probe. Over heating of the product is prevented by maintaining a solvent residue at or near the conclusion of an evaporation.

Abstract: An apparatus for recovering fresh water or for concentrating a liquid has a structure formed of a roof member 10 having a gradient and a base member 14 provided with a liquid reservoir member 18. A cellulose-based film 20 has one surface saponified 2 to 50 .mu.m deep and the other surface is attached to the inner surface of the roof member. A liquid recovery member 16 is provided in the roof member or the base member, the liquid recovery member being for recovering water which is condensed on the saponified surface of the cellulose-based film and that flows downward.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thin-film evaporator equipped with a heatable tubular evaporator body in whose product charged interior a driven rotor is disposed which is equipped with essentially radially oriented vanes. The invention is formed from an evaporator body of at least one thick-wall graphite tube with a plurality of essentially axially extending bores disposed in the tube walls, each one of the bores open at the tube ends into an annular channel which is in communication with a connecting pipe stub for a heating medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a distillation apparatus including a housing (1) a blower (2), preheat exchangers (7) and (8) and an evaporative condenser (25) comprising pairs (13) of membranes. One pair (13) of membranes at a time can be detached from the evaporative condenser (25) for replacement. The pairs (13) of membranes are preferably made of plastic or similar material and they hang down loosely in the evaporative condenser.

Abstract: The invention relates to a molecular distillation apparatus of the type comprising a metallic conical rotor (12) rotatably driven and fed in its center with a liquid to be distilled, a vacuum bell (10) defining an enclosure housing the cone and means for inductively heating the rotor which are located beneath and in proximity to the latter.According to the invention, the heating means comprise at least two concentric inductors (100a, 100b, 100c) supplying different thermal power densities to homologous regions of the rotor and an inner inductor (100a) supplies a greater thermal power density to the rotor than the power density supplied to the rotor by an outer inductor (100c).The invention also relates to a process for manufacturing an assembly of a rotor and inductors for such an apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for evaporating a liquid includes a casing; a plurality of vertically extending plate-type heating elements within the casing, each heat element having an outer surface and an inner surface and a vertical edge, the heat elements being spaced and forming an open channel along the vertical edge between adjacent elements; a distributor above the heating elements for distributing the liquid over the elements; an inlet connected to the heating elements for introducing a heating medium and for generating vapor from the liquid; and a wall-like device mounted within the casing facing the spaces between the heating elements for collecting and guiding the vapor generated in the evaporator. Preferably, the wall-like element includes a droplet separating device formed by vertically elongated spaced elements having a substantially U-shaped cross-section with inwardly pointing vertical edges.

Abstract: An apparatus for distilling corrosive compounds under high temperatures, which would include primary vessel chamber, having a first interior annular wall lined with a loose polymer, such as PTFE (or TEFLON), a second annular wall exterior to the first annular wall, and defining an annular space between the interior and the exterior wall; a somewhat rigid porous material for supporting the interior PTFE liner positioned along the interior wall of the vessel; device for drawing air out of the annular space between interior and exterior walls, for creating a vacuum at the annular space, so that the PTFE liner is supported firmly against the somewhat rigid porous support member; next, a second means for drawing air out of the interior of the vessel for creating a vacuum therewithin so that a pressure equilibrium is established between the interior of the vessel and the annular space, and a corrosive material can be heated in the vessel chamber under the vacuum, and the liner be maintained flush against the wall o

Abstract: In a plate heat exchanger for evaporation of a liquid by means of a heat emitting vapor every second plate interspace forms an evaporation passage (28) and the rest of the plate interspaces form condensation passages (30). Aligned openings (16) in the plates form an inlet channel through the plate heat exchanger for introduction of evaporation liquid into the evaporation passages (28). For enabling use of a large inlet area of each condensation passage (30) and a large outlet area of each evaporation passage (28) the plate heat exchanger is arranged in a container (1), the interior of which is divided in two chambers (6, 7) by the plate heat exchanger itself and a partition (5).

Abstract: Improvement in closing covers of apparatuses such as concentrators-evaporators, ultracentrifugal and centrifugal apparatuses, in which a centrifugal rotor rotates in an enclosure in which a vacuum may be established. The cover is formed by a plate (11) which is guided in translation by projections (14a, 14b) traveling in guide rails (12) so as to maintain the cover in a horizontal position when it overlies the opening and allow the pivoting of the cover when it has been displaced in its plane to a releasing position.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reprocessing waste piranha containing contaminated H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 from, for example, a semiconductor processing operation is described. The apparatus and method include a first distillation flask which are maintained under a substantial vacuum. The first distillation flask includes a first column with a column packing means and a reflux means to retard loss of H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 in the first distillation. The second distillation flask boils off substantially pure H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 through a column which is coupled to a condenser which condenses substantially pure H.sub.2 SO.sub.4.

Abstract: A two-step distillation process provides semiconductor purity, concentrated hydrofluoric acid. Further, the distillation process, occurring under reduced pressures eliminates essentially pure water after the first distillation step. The product output of the second distillation process provides an acid of weight percent greater than 27 weight percent. The product acid is carefully diluted to the required concentrations during the dilution step.

Abstract: A water purifying system having a condenser made of two superposed sheets of hydrophobic plastic film bonded together to form a tortuous steam path through the condenser. As steam enters the condenser it is cooled by the ambient air, condensed into water and then removed from the condenser.

Abstract: A rotary evaporator for laboratory scale solvent evaporative procedures is described. A magnetically driven fluorocarbon coated rotor, being open at its base and closed at its top, operating within a container for solvents, creates a thin film for rapid solvent evaporation without the usual requirement for rotating the entire solvent assembly. Rotary seals are eliminated, increased control over bubbling and foaming at higher vacuum is obtained, and continuous solvent addition is simplified.

Abstract: A rotary evaporator for laboratory scale solvent evaporative procedures is described. A magnetically driven fluorocarbon coated rotor, operating within a container for solvents, creates a thin film for rapid solvent evaporation without the usual requirement for rotating the entire solvent container assembly. Rotary seals are eliminated, increased control over bubbling and foaming at higher vacuum is obtained, and continuous solvent addition is simplified.

Abstract: An evaporator includes heating elements which are part of a thin skin providing the evaporator vessel wall, supporting the skin for internal and external pressure, and a top portion of the vessel. A liquor distributing plate is supported on the heating elements, with a liquor inlet donut-shaped conduit disposed above the liquor distributing plate. The heating elements are radially disposed within the vessel, and are supported at the bottom by a ring which engages the bottoms of the heating elements, and a vertical axis tube extending from the vessel bottom to the ring, the tube having a plurality of through-extending openings formed in it. The vapor outlet for the vessel is concentric with the heating elements and the liquor distributing perforated plate. Heating fluid (e.g. steam) is introduced into the interior volumes of the heating elements adjacent the tops thereof, and a vent is provided adjacent the bottoms.

Abstract: An apparatus for concentrating a dilute solution comprising a heat receiving thin plate which has a good thermal conductivity and is provided on its rear surface not facing a heat source with a liquid absorbing layer for absorbing a solution supplied thereto for concentration, and at least one condensation thin plate which has a good thermal conductivity and is provided with a liquid absorbing layer on at least one surface thereof, the heat receiving plate and the condensation plate or plates being arranged in parallel spaced relationship with each other and each of them being partly formed with at least one groove for supplying the solution to be concentrated to the liquid absorbing layers. A dilute solution supplied to and impregnated in the liquid absorbing layers through the grooves is concentrated by the heat supplied to the heat receiving plate or the latent heat of condensation released to the condensation plate.

Abstract: A scraping blade for use in a thin film dryer adapted for processing radioactive substances comprises a main body, a hing member rigidly attached to one side of the body and pivotably connected to a rotor in the dryer, a blade chip attached to the other side of the body for engaging the radioactive substance, and a screw member engaged with the body to secure the blade chip to the body. The blade chip is made of a material more than 1.2 times harder than the radioactive substance. The blade may further comprise an engaging member for screw engagement with the screw having edge portions to be engaged with recesses formed on the blade chip and the main body.

Abstract: For concentration and possible purification of mineral acids, particularly sulphuric acid, a furnace which can be heated is utilized, in which one or several long quartz tubes are placed. The quartz tubes are sealed at the upper and lower parts of the furnace and inside the furnace the quartz tube is heated from the outside with the utilized means. The acid which is to be treated is fed to the respective quartz tube via the upper parts of this, and the purified acid is collected in a vessel located at the lower parts of the quartz tube. Packings of small and/or medium dimensions are arranged in the quartz tubes.

Abstract: The invention procides a circulation evaporator for concentrating mineral acid, particularly sulphuric acid, comprising parts of, or at least coated with, enamel, characterized by a heat exchanger for heating the acid comprising at least one acid feed pipe provided with an enamel layer, means being provided to maintain the compressive stress in the enamel layer under all working conditions, said acid feed pipe being connected at its inlet end to a circulation pump and at its outlet end to a flash evaporator for concentrating the heated acid, this evaporator being connected by a circulation pipe to the pump inlet and to means for introducing the crude acid, for discharging the concentrate and for carrying away the vapors.

Abstract: The evaporating tubes of an acid concentrating system are positioned within a double-walled tube unit which directs heating gases over the tube and are supported at their lower ends on a spherical bearing surface which permits relative movement of the components without inducing unacceptable stress levels.

Abstract: A thin film treatment apparatus, especially a thin film evaporator, comprising a rotor having a shaft and a rotationally symmetrical wall arranged about said rotor. The rotor is equipped with essentially radial, elastically resilient scraper elements extending up to such wall. These scraper elements are of essentially blade-shaped construction, and these scraper elements and the rotor are at least partially covered with an elastomeric material.

Abstract: A glassed steel wiped film evaporator is provided with an improved feed distributor comprising a one piece circular non-metallic distribution chamber, attached to and rotating with the evaporator wiper assembly, and corrosion resistant feed conduits extending outwardly from said distribution chamber and terminating near the wall of the vessel. This distributor provides the efficiencies of distribution of previous flat plate alloy distributors; and at the same time it is of a sound construction that can be built at reasonable cost from commercially available fluorocarbon and other corrosion resistant materials.

Abstract: A thin wiped-film evaporator comprises an upright cylindrical vessel with a vertical rotor shaft extending concentrically within the vessel. An inlet pipe supplies liquid to be evaporated to a distributor which spreads the liquid around the inner wall of the vessel, and a series of wiper assemblies carried by the rotor shaft below the distributor serve for the creation of a thin liquid film on the vessel's inner wall, heating means being provided to evaporate the liquid film. The evaporator includes a vapor inlet and a liquid discharge.To enable the evaporator to handle corrosive liquids or products, the internal surface of the vessel is corrosion resistant as are the other parts within the evaporator. In particular, the vessel's inner wall and the rotor shaft are glass (or enamel) lined and additionally at least part of each wiper assembly can be glassed: the other internal parts can be of fluorocarbon.

Abstract: There is provided a distillation plant of the multiple stage flash distillation type. The plant comprises a reinforced concrete shell which is divided into a large number of flash chambers and a heat supply chamber by means of partitions. A bundle of condensation tubes, preferably of plastic, extend throughout all of the chambers. The inlet and outlet manifolds for the tube bundle are defined by an end of the shell and an adjacent partition. The shell has preferably a plastic coating or consists of a polymer concrete. Preferably, the partitions consist of or comprise plastic so that a bundle of plastic tubes may be sealed to openings in the partitions by gluing or welding.

Abstract: A multi-stage apparatus suited for concentrating sulphuric acid comprising at least one high temperature stage and one low temperature stage, the high temperature stage including a surrounding wall defining a flue gas channel, means for delivering hot flue gas to said channel, and means for withdrawing from said channel cooled flue gas, the flue gas heating said surrounding wall which in turn imparts heat to material to be heated thereby, the low temperature stage including a heat exchanger with a first flow path for a heating agent and a second flow path for a material to be heated thereby, means for supplying the said second flow path material to be heated, means for withdrawing from said second flow path material after having been heated therein, and means for withdrawing from said first flow path spent heating agent, the means for withdrawing cooled flue gas from said flue channel of said high temperature stage forwarding heat from said cooled flue gas to said first flow path of said low temperature stage

Abstract: Apparatus for effecting heat interchange of fluids, at least one of the fluids containing dispersed or dissolved solids, said apparatus having one or more fluids contacted surfaces which are (1) preferentially oil wettable and (2) substantially zero water adsorbent, wherein the contacted surface or surfaces comprise fluorocarbon polymers, preferably FEP fluorinated hydrocarbon resin, and (3) means for supplying oil or the like to said contacted surface or surfaces, to prevent adherence of solids thereto.

Abstract: Diepoxides of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein n has an average value not exceeding 0.03 and R is the bisphenyl radical of bisphenol-A are recovered from an epoxy resin of the same general formula with n varying from 0.07 to 0.30, by removing the low-boiling substance from the epoxy resin at 0.1-1 mm Hg and 165.degree.-200.degree. C and distilling off said diepoxide from the thus treated epoxy resin at 0.1-0.005 mm Hg and a temperature not exceeding 240.degree. C. The low viscosity, narrow molecular weight distribution and excellent purity of these diepoxides allow their use in critical application fields.

Abstract: In the processing of a corrosive liquid mixture, such as 50 to 80% aqueous sulfuric acid, by its passage over one surface of a wall of inert heat resistant material, and heating the other surface of said wall, thereby to evaporate from said corrosive liquid mixture the more volatile component thereof, the improvement which comprises heating said wall by contact with an inert liquid material, and heating said inert liquid material indirectly through heat exchange with a normally solid molten material. Desirably the wall of inert material is a pipe surrounded by a molten metal in a first annular jacket and a molten salt in a second annular jacket.

Abstract: Dilute solutions of corrosive products, such as sulphuric or phosphoric acid, are concentrated by pre-concentrating the dilute solution and then introducing the pre-concentrated solution into a tunnel in which it flows in a thin layer over successive cascades while being heated, preferably by indirect radiant heating. An installation for carrying out the process is also described.

Abstract: A falling film evaporator including a vertically oriented pipe heated exteriorly by a steam jacket and interiorly by a finned steam tube, all heating surfaces of the pipe and steam tube being formed of a material wet by water such as stainless steel, and packing within the pipe consisting of Raschig rings formed of a material that is not wet by water such as polyvinylidene fluoride.

Abstract: An evaporation apparatus for use in the evaporation, concentration, and/or purification of solutions containing alkali metal hydroxides and alkali metal chlorides, which apparatus has a liquid receiving chamber for the solutions being processed, a flow-through heating zone containing heat transfer elements, a separation chamber for forming a liquid-vapor mixture of the solution being processed, passageways connecting said chambers and said zones, and baffle and distribution means positioned within said chambers, zones and/or passageways, the improvement which comprises forming at least a portion of those surfaces of the said heat transfer elements, chambers, zones, passageways, baffle and distribution means of said apparatus which are in contact with the solution of said alkali metal hydroxide and said alkali metal chloride at temperatures in excess of about 50.degree. C of a ferritic stainless steel having the following composition:Carbon Up to 0.01% by weight Manganese Up to 0.

Abstract: In the processing of a corrosive liquid mixture, such as 50 to 80% aqueous sulfuric acid, by its passage over one surface of a wall of inert heat resistant material, and heating the other surface of said wall, thereby to evaporate from said corrosive liquid mixture the more volatile component thereof, the improvement which comprises heating said wall by contact with an inert liquid material, and heating said inert liquid material indirectly through heat exchange with a normally solid molten material. Desirably the wall of inert material is a pipe surrounded by a molten metal in a first annular jacket and a molten salt in a second annular jacket.