Coil Spring Having Axis Along Or Parallel To Hinge Axis Patents (Class 16/295)
  • Patent number: 11950628
    Abstract: Provided is an aerosol generating device including a case in which a heater for heating a cigarette is installed, a bracket for supporting components installed inside the case, a fastening member for fastening the case and the bracket, and a cap that is installed on an outer surface of the case in an inseparable manner to conceal the fastening member in the case.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 23, 2021
    Date of Patent: April 9, 2024
    Assignee: KT&G CORPORATION
    Inventors: Hwi Kyeong An, Kyung Moon Ji, In Seoung Chun, Won Hui Shin
  • Patent number: 11560261
    Abstract: A double-spout bottle cover includes a cover body. A second water outlet is arranged at the upper end of the cover body. A flip cover is covered on the second water outlet. The cover head of the flip cover covers the second water outlet. A flip cover shaft of the flip cover is fixed on the cover body and is opposite to the second water outlet. The middle of the flip cover is a hollow area. The hollow area is provided with a first water outlet, and the surface of the first water outlet is flush with the surface of the flip cover. The bottom of the first water outlet is connected to a preset through hole on the cover body. The first water outlet is fixed on the cover body by a rotating shaft.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 5, 2020
    Date of Patent: January 24, 2023
    Assignee: Shen Zhen Xin Yue Tang Plastic & Hardware Co., Ltd
    Inventor: Chunlei Wang
  • Patent number: 11311045
    Abstract: Provided is an aerosol generating device including a case in which a heater for heating a cigarette is installed, a bracket for supporting components installed inside the case, a fastening member for fastening the case and the bracket, and a cap that is installed on an outer surface of the case in an inseparable manner to conceal the fastening member in the case.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 22, 2019
    Date of Patent: April 26, 2022
    Assignee: KT&G CORPORATION
    Inventors: Hwi Kyeong An, Kyung Moon Ji, In Seoung Chun, Won Hui Shin
  • Patent number: 11272735
    Abstract: Provided is an aerosol generating device including a case in which a heater for heating a cigarette is installed, a bracket for supporting components installed inside the case, a fastening member for fastening the case and the bracket, and a cap that is installed on an outer surface of the case in an inseparable manner to conceal the fastening member in the case.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 22, 2019
    Date of Patent: March 15, 2022
    Assignee: KT&G CORPORATION
    Inventors: Hwi Kyeong An, Kyung Moon Ji, In Seoung Chun, Won Hui Shin
  • Patent number: 10220733
    Abstract: A vehicle seat, wherein a seat back includes a first member to which an operating lever is attached and a bezel attached to the first member to surround an outer periphery of the operating lever in a frame shape, wherein the first member has an opening hole through which the bezel passes, wherein the bezel is attached to a second member, which has higher strength and higher rigidity than the first member and is attached to the first member so as to close the opening hole, and is disposed in the opening hole, wherein an outer edge portion of the bezel covers the first member at a peripheral edge of the opening hole, and wherein the first member is attached to the seat back frame by locking a locking portion of the second member to a locked portion of the seat back frame.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 23, 2017
    Date of Patent: March 5, 2019
    Assignee: TOYOTA BOSHOKU KABUSHIKI KAISHA
    Inventor: Iwao Matsushima
  • Patent number: 9743004
    Abstract: A technique which improves the workability of wrapping an FPC around a shaft, and prevents breakage of the FPC from being caused during wrapping operation. A shaft is supported by an apparatus main unit and is disposed in a center of rotation of a structure. The FPC is wrapped around and held by the shaft using a joining member. The FPC has a wrapping start portion from which wrapping is started, and a wrapping body portion including a wiring portion. The width of the wrapping body portion in a thrust direction of the shaft is larger than the width of the wrapping start portion. An expansion portion is arranged between the wrapping start portion and the wrapping body portion. The width of the expansion portion in the thrust direction continuously expands from the width of the wrapping start portion to that of the wrapping body portion.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 28, 2015
    Date of Patent: August 22, 2017
    Assignee: Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventor: Shinji Obana
  • Patent number: 9675191
    Abstract: A stopper for a beverage container is described. The stopper includes a stopper main body that is attached to an upper opening of a beverage container main body and includes a liquid through hole on the inside thereof; and a lid that is axially supported by a hinge shaft that is provided at an end of the stopper main body, and which opens and closes the liquid through hole in a rotational manner; the hinge shaft connects a hinge portion of the stopper main body, and right and left hinge portions of the lid; a storage portion is provided on at least one of the right and left hinge portions of the lid, and the hinge portion of the stopper main body; at least one end of the storage portion in the axis direction of the hinge shaft forms an opening; and a torsion spring is stored in the storage portion, and a cover member covers the opening of the storage portion.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 26, 2015
    Date of Patent: June 13, 2017
    Assignees: THERMOS L.L.C., THERMOS K.K.
    Inventors: Yasuhiro Kurabe, HongLiang Du
  • Patent number: 9366068
    Abstract: A counterbalance mechanism includes a first attachment strap that is fixedly attached to a body structure. An intermediate link is rotatably attached to the first attachment strap and rotatable about a winding axis relative to the first attachment strap. A first end of a second attachment strap is rotatably attached to a moveable panel. A second end of the second attachment strap is rotatably attached to the intermediate link, with the second attachment strap and the intermediate link rotatable relative to each other about a link axis. A spiral spring interconnects the first attachment strap and the intermediate link. The spiral spring biases the intermediate link about the winding axis to rotate the intermediate link and the second attachment strap relative to each other about the link axis, in a scissor-like motion, to rotate the panel relative to the body structure.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 25, 2014
    Date of Patent: June 14, 2016
    Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC
    Inventor: Gary W. Krajenke
  • Patent number: 8683649
    Abstract: In an automatically closing hinge, a first body and a second body are mounted on a fixed shaft, and axial and radial moving members are adjacently disposed inside the fixed shaft. The second body pivoting rearward in relation to the first body enables an inward radial movement of the radial moving member, and during the inward radial movement the radial moving member causes a forward axial movement of the axial moving member. An energy storing member in the fixed shaft is configured to store energy during the forward axial movement of the axial moving member and to release energy for driving the axial moving member to make a reverse axial movement. During the reverse axial movement the axial moving member pushes the radial moving member to make an outward radial movement. The radial moving member during such outward radial movement drives the second body to pivot forward.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 6, 2012
    Date of Patent: April 1, 2014
    Assignee: Avision Inc.
    Inventor: Chih-Chin Tzeng
  • Patent number: 8511115
    Abstract: A washing machine which includes a lid assembly opening/closing a laundry entrance hole, wherein the lid assembly includes a lid frame and a lid inner coupled to an inside of the lid frame and having a hinge unit, is provided. The lid assembly may be easily assembled and maintain a secure coupling, thereby allowing for a reliable and stable washing machine. Further, the lid assembly may be easily opened or closed by the hinge unit, and this increases convenience.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 29, 2010
    Date of Patent: August 20, 2013
    Assignee: LG Electronics Inc.
    Inventors: Dongyoon Kim, Soojin Kim, Youngbae Park, Dongmin Kim, Sunggi Hwang, Seogkyu Park, Jongdeuk Bae, Seongno Yoon, Younggon Kim
  • Patent number: 8424160
    Abstract: An asymmetrical resistant hinge set includes at least a resistant hinge and an elastic element coaxially positioned. The resistant hinge is hinged on a first pivotal means located on the bottom side of a body. The elastic element provides action forces on the resistant hinge and one-way resistance to generate an asymmetrical hinge effect with a greater resistance in one direction and a smaller resistance in another direction when a support lid is flipped in forward and reverse directions to reduce the resistance of the resistant hinge. As a result, when the support lid is flipped to a selected angle it still can bear the weight of the body of a portable electronic device at the anchored position without drifting.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 11, 2010
    Date of Patent: April 23, 2013
    Assignee: E-Lead Electronics Co., Ltd.
    Inventor: Stephen Chen
  • Patent number: 8359710
    Abstract: A portable computer is provided that has a housing. Upper and lower portions of the housing may be joined using a hinge. A clutch mechanism may be associated with the hinge. The clutch mechanism may exhibit asymmetrical friction during opening and closing of the portable computer housing portions. Additional closing force may help to prevent the computer from having a lid that is too easy to close, without overwhelming the clutch with unnecessary friction. The clutch may have a clutch spring that is attached to a clutch shaft using a slot in the shaft. A lobe may be provided in the spring in the vicinity of the slot. A protective cap may be provided over the tip of the shaft to prevent damage to nearby wires. A friction band in the clutch may be used to directly engage an end of the spring.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 9, 2012
    Date of Patent: January 29, 2013
    Assignee: Apple Inc.
    Inventors: Brett W. Degner, Patrick Kessler, Chris Ligtenberg
  • Patent number: 8339774
    Abstract: A connecting mechanism includes a first connecting member, a second connecting member, a first conduit and a second conduit. The first connecting member includes a first cylinder and a first piston movably accommodated within the first cylinder to divide the first cylinder into a first space on the one side of the first piston and a second space on the opposite side of the first piston. The second connecting member includes a second cylinder and a second piston movable accommodated within the second cylinder to divide the second cylinder into a third space on the one side of the second piston and a fourth space on the opposite side of the second piston. The first conduit communicates the first space with the third space. The second conduit communicates the second space with the fourth space. An electronic device using the connecting mechanism is also provided.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 29, 2010
    Date of Patent: December 25, 2012
    Assignees: Fu Tai Hua Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.
    Inventor: Jin-Wei Xiao
  • Patent number: 8132293
    Abstract: A portable computer is provided that has a housing. Upper and lower portions of the housing may be joined using a hinge. A clutch mechanism may be associated with the hinge. The clutch mechanism may exhibit asymmetrical friction during opening and closing of the portable computer housing portions. Additional closing force may help to prevent the computer from having a lid that is too easy to close, without overwhelming the clutch with unnecessary friction. The clutch may have a clutch spring that is attached to a clutch shaft using a slot in the shaft. A lobe may be provided in the spring in the vicinity of the slot. A protective cap may be provided over the tip of the shaft to prevent damage to nearby wires. A friction band in the clutch may be used to directly engage an end of the spring.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 15, 2008
    Date of Patent: March 13, 2012
    Assignee: Apple Inc.
    Inventors: Brett W. Degner, Patrick Kessler, Chris Ligtenberg
  • Patent number: 8087128
    Abstract: A hinge assembly includes a base, a joint member, a pintle, and a coiling spring. The joint member is rotatably connected to the base. The pintle runs through the base and the joint member. The coiling spring has a first end and a second end. The first end is fixed relative to the base, and the second end is fixed relative to the joint member.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 10, 2009
    Date of Patent: January 3, 2012
    Assignees: Hong Fu Jin Precision Industry (ShenZhen) Co., Ltd., Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Yu-Cheng Chou, Jin-Xin Wang, Jun-Wu Duan, Fan Zhou, Ben-Gui Long
  • Patent number: 7743467
    Abstract: An exemplary hinge positioning structure (20) includes a base (22), a pivot shaft (24) engaged in the base, a pivot shaft gripper (264), and a resilient member (266). The pivot shaft is rotatably engaged in the base. The pivot shaft gripper is sleeved on the pivot shaft. An end of the pivot shaft gripper is engaged with the base so that part of the pivot shaft gripper is fixed to the base. Two ends of the resilient member are connected to the base and another end of the pivot shaft gripper, respectively. The resilient member applies a force on the pivot shaft gripper so that the pivot shaft gripper tightly grips on the pivot shaft, and the pivot shaft gripper is relaxed by an external force for allowing the pivot shaft to rotate relative to the base. The present invention further provides a hinge positioning unit (26).
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 29, 2007
    Date of Patent: June 29, 2010
    Assignees: Hong Fu Jin Precision Industry (ShenZhen) Co., Ltd., Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Jin-Xin Wang, Ying-Jun Peng, Jian Li
  • Patent number: 7730584
    Abstract: A vehicle closure hinge includes a mount having a pivot axis flange, a pivot link, a pivot coupling the pivot link to the pivot axis flange and a spring formed by a laterally coiled strand extending from a first coil end to a second coil end in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of displacement about the pivot axis. The coil size, the strand size and the number of coils can be varied as desired to vary the spring biasing force exerted against the vehicle closure without varying other components of the hinge. The hinge parts may be designed with various configurations including simple pivoting links or a four bar linkage. A strand end of the coil spring extends along the direction of the coil to a position at a first coil end to maintain biasing force near the plane of displacement about the pivot axis.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 5, 2006
    Date of Patent: June 8, 2010
    Assignee: M & C Corporation
    Inventor: Michael J. Duffy
  • Patent number: 7716786
    Abstract: A slide hinge is connected a cover to a base of a portable electronic device and has a stationary bracket, two pivot members, a sliding bracket and two torsion springs. The pivot members are mounted rotatably on the sliding bracket and are mounted to the base. The sliding bracket is mounted slidably on the stationary bracket and is mounted to the cover. The torsion springs are connected between the stationary bracket and the sliding bracket and each torsion spring multiple looped segments. The torsion springs with the looped segments provide an excellent resilient force to position the stationary bracket in one edge of the sliding bracket and therefore stably hold the cover in opened or closed positions without inadvertently sliding relative to the base.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 17, 2007
    Date of Patent: May 18, 2010
    Assignee: Shin Zu Shing Co., Ltd.
    Inventor: Wen-Bin Shen
  • Publication number: 20090229080
    Abstract: An automated hinge assembly has at least two leaves and a driving member. The leaves respectively connect securely to a cover and a body of a portable electronic device and are connected pivotally together. The driving member is mounted between the leaves and has a resilient element, a stationary bracket and a sliding bracket. The resilient element provides a force to automatically pivot a moving leaf from a stationary leaf. The stationary bracket has at least one inclined surface formed circularly around a central axis. The sliding bracket is pushed by the resilient element and has at least one protrusion corresponding to and abutting the inclined surface of the stationary bracket, thereby generating a torque to drive the leaf connected to the stationary bracket to rotate relative to another leaf.
    Type: Application
    Filed: March 17, 2008
    Publication date: September 17, 2009
    Inventor: Chia-Hsiang Chen
  • Publication number: 20090007379
    Abstract: A hinge assembly (100) includes a main shaft (50), a fixing seat (80), a follower (44), a cam (42) and a first elastic element (30). The fixing seat is fixed with the main shaft. The follower is placed around the shaft, and the fixing seat selectively locks with the follower. The cam is placed around the shaft, and engages with the follower. The first elastic element provides an elastic force to make the cam and the follower resist each other and provides a torsional force to make the cam and the follower rotate together.
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 28, 2007
    Publication date: January 8, 2009
    Applicants: SHENZHEN FUTAIHONG PRECISION INDUSTRY CO., LTD., SUTECH TRADING LIMITED
    Inventors: GUANG-XIANG ZHANG, SHI-JIN LONG, XI-QIU WU, GENG-HUI GUO, CHIH-WEI SU, HSIAO-HUA TU
  • Patent number: 7111363
    Abstract: Disclosed herein is a door hinge structure for a refrigerator.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 30, 2004
    Date of Patent: September 26, 2006
    Assignee: Lotte Engineering & Machinery Mfg., Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Seung-Ryong Lee, Sang-Jin Lee
  • Patent number: 6871383
    Abstract: A hinge device includes a housing (10), a shaft (20), and a pair of springs (30) coiled in opposite directions from each other. The housing defines a through hole (11) and a slot (14) therein. The through hole includes a large hole (13) and a small hole (12), the large hole communicating with the slot. The shaft includes a first portion (22). Each spring has a free end (34), and forms a plurality of protrusions (32) on an inner surface thereof. The shaft is rotatably received in the through hole of the housing. The springs are frictionally positioned around the first portion of the shaft, the free ends of the springs being retained in the slot of the housing.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 2, 2003
    Date of Patent: March 29, 2005
    Assignee: Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd.
    Inventor: Chin-Fa Huang
  • Patent number: 6860387
    Abstract: An improved self-lifting apparatus for a box cover including a bent bar locator on the box cover with both ends bended to accommodate an elastic component. The elastic component is provided with extended arms on both ends, one end pressing the bent bar and the other end being inserted into a hole of the box, thereby simplifying the production procedure and allowing box cover to be lifted automatically. With the elastic component, the bent bar is usable as a file holder in the box and the box can be used for a longer period of time.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 26, 2002
    Date of Patent: March 1, 2005
    Assignee: Shyh Ru Mettalic Industrial Corp.
    Inventor: Wei Yu Chang
  • Publication number: 20040049883
    Abstract: A hinge device includes a housing (10), a shaft (20), and a pair of springs (30) coiled in opposite directions from each other. The housing defines a through hole (11) and a slot (14) therein. The through hole includes a large hole (13) and a small hole (12), the large hole communicating with the slot. The shaft includes a first portion (22). Each spring has a free end (34), and forms a plurality of protrusions (32) on an inner surface thereof. The shaft is rotatably received in the through hole of the housing. The springs are frictionally positioned around the first portion of the shaft, the free ends of the springs being retained in the slot of the housing.
    Type: Application
    Filed: April 2, 2003
    Publication date: March 18, 2004
    Inventor: Chin-Fa Huang
  • Patent number: 6510588
    Abstract: A turning mechanism for providing a turning motion, and a hinged electronic device. The turning mechanism comprises a power element which is arranged to generate the turning force for the turning motion, and a damping element which is arranged to control the speed of the turning motion. The damping element comprises a substantially cylindrical casing inside of which a spindle is mounted using a clearance fit. The power element is connected with respect to the spindle to allow the spindle to rotate inside the casing along with the turning motion. The clearance fit between the casing and the spindle is provided with an elastic medium which controls the motion of the spindle with respect to the casing and dampens the stopping of the turning motion.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 24, 2001
    Date of Patent: January 28, 2003
    Assignee: Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
    Inventor: Marko Eromäki
  • Patent number: 5749124
    Abstract: This invention relates to a hinge which needs only small force to be turned in one rotational direction and relatively larger force to be turned in the opposite direction. The hinge comprises a pair of hinge members each having a cylindrical end and a fixing portion, the fixing portion having at least one aperture defined therein. An intermediate member is disposed between and pivotally connected to the pair of hinge members, the intermediate member having opposite cylindrical ends respectively aligned with and adjacent to the cylindrical ends of the pair of hinge members. A pair of helical springs with leads extending in directions opposite to each other are retained around and have different magnitudes of retaining forces acting upon corresponding adjacent ends of the intermediate member and the pair of hinge members.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 20, 1996
    Date of Patent: May 12, 1998
    Inventor: Sheng-nan Lu
  • Patent number: 5497676
    Abstract: A cable actuator control assembly for motion furniture such as lounge chairs having shiftable footrests and the like, includes a cable assembly (16), a cable actuator module (12) having a pivot assembly (46) connecting rearward base (18) and front handle (20) for shifting a cable (92) between first and second positions, a channel including an apertured bight (78) connecting opposed legs (80 and 82), and bolts (88) for biasing channel (14) into engagement with boss (28). Self-tensioning pivot assembly (52) includes coaxially aligned pins (62 and 64) connected by coiled spring (72).
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 4, 1994
    Date of Patent: March 12, 1996
    Assignee: Wescon Products Company
    Inventor: Michael A. Barnard
  • Patent number: 5437079
    Abstract: A door hinge having the is capable of not only automatically closing the door but also controlling the closing speed. The hinge includes a first hinge part, a second hinge part, a hinge-shaft on which the two hinge parts are pivotably mounted, a spring for returning the second hinge part to a determind position in relation to the first hinge part, and a buffer assembly arranged between the two hinge parts.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 28, 1994
    Date of Patent: August 1, 1995
    Inventor: Kabil Park
  • Patent number: 5355254
    Abstract: A sunvisor mirror comprises a casing having opposite sides, a cover rotatable about an axis of rotation relative to the casing, an opening and closing device including two identical holding springs arranged in the interior of the casing, one on each of the sides and close to the axis of rotation of the cover, each of the holding springs being attached to the casing and the cover, retaining members attaching the holding springs to the casing and the cover so that one end of the holding springs is hooked in the casing and the other of the holding springs acts on the cover so that from an intermediate position of a rotary path of the cover two opposite automatic directions of rotation of the cover which are an opening direction and a closing direction are provided.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 22, 1992
    Date of Patent: October 11, 1994
    Assignee: Industrias Techno-Matic S.A.
    Inventors: Jose Aymerich, Jesus Prat
  • Patent number: 4675941
    Abstract: A single-joint door hinge with closing pressure and optionally with opening pressure device consists of a hinge pan having an inner recess, in the opposite sidewalls of which seatings for an axle are formed which is embraced by the bend ends of a hinge arm. The outer face of the bent end of the hinge arm is formed as a cam for a roller present under the force of two springs. Each spring is supported by its spring turns on a pin on the hinge pan and applies by its one end against the external wall of the hinge pan and embraces by the other bent leg end one side of the roller.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 2, 1986
    Date of Patent: June 30, 1987
    Inventor: Alfred Grass
  • Patent number: 4673116
    Abstract: A clothes hanger having a first and second member. The first member has a supporting hook, a circular hinge section and a first supporting arm. The second member has a second supporting arm and a pivoting axle extending through the circular section for allowing the arms to move downwardly towards each other and a stop engagable with the top of the first supporting arm for limiting the extent of upward movement of the arms. A spring between the first and second members yieldably urges the first and second arms upwardly and away from each other to cause the stop to engage the first arm for supporting a garment from the arms, but allows the garment to be pulled downwardly and off of the hanger by causing movement of the arms downwardly and towards each other.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 20, 1986
    Date of Patent: June 16, 1987
    Inventor: Roger L. Keller
  • Patent number: 4605353
    Abstract: A mechanical restraint is provided for use in securing a parked vehicle to a stationary structure, such as a loading dock, while the vehicle is being loaded or unloaded. The restraint includes a first member fixedly mounted on the front wall of the loading dock, and a second member mounted on the first member for movement in a vertical plane and for hinged movement about a vertical axis between operative and inoperative modes. The second member is provided with an elongated first section which is in sliding engagement with the first member. The second member, when in a raised position is adapted to turn about the longitudinal axis of the first section which is coaxial with the hinge axis of the second member. The second member is provided with an elongated second section which projects angularly from the upper end portion of the first section. The second section includes a distal end portion provided with a depending projection.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 24, 1983
    Date of Patent: August 12, 1986
    Assignee: Rite-Hite Corporation
    Inventors: Norbert Hahn, Arthur A. Olson, Jr.
  • Patent number: 4590692
    Abstract: The invention is concerned with a rear entrance ski boot with constant flex, peculiarly comprising a front quarter hingedly connected to a boot shell about an axis lying substantially horizontal and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the shell and extending through a front upper region of the shell. Also provided are elastic bias means for resisting forward oscillation of the quarter relative to the shell.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 16, 1984
    Date of Patent: May 27, 1986
    Assignee: Nordica S.p.A.
    Inventor: Alfio Leonardi
  • Patent number: 4532674
    Abstract: A hinge assembly which includes two sleeves, two U-channels, a spring to effect pivotal movement between the sleeves and several links which both transmit drive force from the spring and act as an overcenter latch to lock the hinge assembly in an unfolded configuration. Each U-channel is disposed within one of the sleeves and is pivotally connected to the other U-channel to provide the pivotal connection between the sleeves. The spring and links are contained within the interior of the hinge assembly to provide a smooth, snag resistant exterior.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 30, 1982
    Date of Patent: August 6, 1985
    Assignee: Martin Marietta Corporation
    Inventors: William H. Tobey, Donald A. Thomas, William J. Gardner