Abstract: Absorbent paper products, such as towels, absorbent wipes, toilet tissue, facial tissue and the like fibrous webs of relatively high bulk, are produced by a method comprising the steps of treating hydrophilic cellulosie fibers to impart kinks, curls, bends, twists, to the fibers; dispersing the treated fibers in an aqueous forming medium, and wet-forming a stratified single-ply web constituted of at least one stratum of the treated fibers and at least one stratum of conventional paper-making fibers. The treating step may consist of wet or dry mechanical working, chemical treatment or a combination of mechanical and chemical treatments. The web forming step comprises preparing a first aqueous furnish of the treated fibers, preparing a second aqueous furnish of the conventional fibers, and concurrently depositing the two furnishes in contiguous layers on a moving foraminous support.

Abstract: A wetlaid paper-like nonwoven structure having a permanent crepe which does not wash out. The paper-like structure contains a synthetic bicomponent fiber in an amount of less than 20% by weight and as such possesses both wet and dry strength and improved absorbent properties.

Abstract: A delaminated stratified paper towel includes a dense first layer of chemical fiber blend and a second layer of a bulky anfractuous fiber blend unitary with the first layer. The first and second layers enhance a rate of absorption and water holding capacity of the paper towel. In a preferred embodiment, the second layer is a fiber blend having a high bulk softwood fiber and a chemi-thermomechanical pulp. A method of forming a delaminated stratified web of paper towel material includes supplying a first furnish directly to a wire and supplying a second furnish of a bulky anfractuous fiber blend directly onto the first furnish disposed on the wire. Drying the first and second furnishes forms a web of paper towel material having a predetermined dryness. The web of paper towel material is thereafter creped off of the drying device and embossed to a predetermined emboss depth. The web of paper towel material has an enhanced rate of absorption and water holding capacity.

Abstract: Provided for use in paper products are temporary wet strength resins having a molecular weight of from about 40,000 to about 400,000, most preferably from about 120,000 to about 210,000, having the formula: ##STR1## wherein: A is ##STR2## and X is --O--, --NH--, or --NCH.sub.3 --, and R is a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group; Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 are independently --H, --CH.sub.3, or a halogen; W is a nonucleophilic, aliphatic amide; Q is a cationic monomer unit. The mole percent of "a" ranges from about 1% to about 70%; the mole percent of "b" ranges from about 10% to about 90%; and the mole percent of "c" ranges from about 1% to about 40%.

Abstract: A web treating machine and method employing a web-gripping drive surface, a primary member that presses the web against the drive surface, and a stationary retarding surface, supported by a sheet form member, that retards the web before it leaves the drive surface, has the following of features. The sheet form support member is elastically deflectable. A tip deflector applies deflecting pressure on the downstream end of the support member to deflect the support member toward the drive member. A cavity stabilizer, in the form of a second sheet form member, extends in face-to-face reinforcing relationship over the initial portion of the support member in the region immediately downstream of the primary member, the portion of the support member extending between the cavity stabilizer and the tip deflector being relatively unreinforced. The cavity stabilization and tip deflection is obtained by deflection of various spring members, in one instance an advantageous gull-wing form being achieved.

Abstract: Tissue paper having a soft, silky, flannel-like tactile feel through incorporation of an effective amount of a chemical additive such as, for example, a polysiloxane. Preferably, less than about 2% of such a chemical additive on a dry fiber weight basis, is incorporated in the tissue paper: more preferably, only about 0.3% or less is so retained. Tissue paper embodiments of the present invention may further comprise a quantity of surfactant material to enhance softness and/or surface smoothness and/or wettability control; and/or a quantity of a binder material such as starch for linting control. For example, embodiments which would otherwise manifest a significant reduction in wettability due to incorporated chemical additives may further comprise sufficient surfactant to at least partially offset the reduction of wettability induced by the chemical additive: e.g., for tiolet tissue embodiments to be sufficiently wettable to be handled in contemporary sewage handling and disposal systems.

Abstract: In the manufacture of stretchable webs such as creped tissue, nonwovens, and the like, in which the web is formed and thereafter wound onto a reel, basis weight control of the web on the reel is accomplished by measuring the speed and basis weight of the web prior to winding the web onto the reel and calculating the basis weight of the web on the reel. In response to this calculated value, the downstream speed of the web (reel speed) is adjusted to obtain the desired basis weight of the web at the reel.

Abstract: Temperature-sensitive bicomponent synthetic fibers that curl when heated are useful for making creped tissue webs with substantially increased bulk and absorbency with relatively low loss of strength.

Abstract: Disposable sanitary articles comprise paper treated with polycationic latexes as wet-strength agents. The paper has sufficient wet strength that it can serve as the backsheet for absorbent articles, garments, and the like. Thus, KYMENE is reacted, for example, with acrylic acid and cross-linked with styrene/butadiene to provide a polycationic latex which is used to treat paper to enhance its wet strength. Diapers, sanitary napkins, pantiliners, and the like, prepared from the foregoing materials are disclosed.

Abstract: The bulk of creped tissue products, such as facial and bath tissue, can be increased by steaming the tissue while stressed in the machine direction of the tissue.

Abstract: An improved method, and resulting product, for creping a web of papermaking fibers by adhering the web to a creping dryer and with a creping blade removing the web from the creping dryer which provides increased absorbency with less reduction in strength. The improvement comprises reducing the cohesive forces between the fibers to a greater extent than reducing the adhesive forces between the web and the creping dryer accomplished by applying a fluid at least primarily comprising water overall to the side of the web away from the creping dryer in sufficient quantity and at a position to accomplish the improved results. The method is particularly useful in the practice of wet creping wherein the web is creped from the creping dryer at a dryness of from 45% to 60%.

Abstract: Processes are described for making highly absorbent tissues and towels by wet-laying pulps comprising particular polycarboxylate polymer-modified fibrous pulps such as mildly hydrolyzed methyl acrylate-grafted softwood kraft pulps; these pulps have distinct protonated and alkali-metal-cation-exchanged states. The wet-laying processes are adapted to exploit the very different behavior of the polymer-modified fibrous pulps in function of the two states. The preferred wet-laying processes described herein are continuous processes embodying one or more on-line chemical treatment steps which chemically switch state of the polymer-modified fibrous pulp component in a wet web on the papermaking machine to improve the processing thereof by averting or minimizing tendencies to mechanically or thermally degrade.

Abstract: Temporary wet strength resins, and paper products containing same, having a molecular weight of from about 20,000 to about 200,000, most preferably from about 30,000 to aboug 95,000 having the fomula: ##STR1## wherein: A is 0 or ##STR2## and X is --O--, --NH--, or --NCH.sub.3 --, and R is a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group; Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 are independently --H, --CH.sub.3, or a halogen; W is a nonnucleophilic, water-soluble nitrogen heterocyclic moiety; and Q is a cationic monomeric unit. The mole percent of "a" ranges from about 30% to about 70%, preferably from about 45% to about 55%; the mole percent of "b" ranges from about 30% to about 70%, preferably from about 45% to about 55%; and the mole percent of "c" ranges from about 1% to about 40%, most preferably from about 2% to about 5%.

Abstract: Mechanical treatment of a pulp slurry of up to 50% O.D. consistency by dewatering and compacting the pulp permanently twists and kinks individual fibers to a degree that is substantially irreversible when they are subsequently subjected to papermaking process steps. The preferred device for imparting such permanent twisting and kinking is a plug screw feeder. Pulp that has been so treated exhibits increased desired drainability in the wet section of a papermachine. Such treated pulp also loses water vapor more easily in the dryer section than untreated pulp, and correspondingly results in less energy consumption in the dryer section of a papermachine. Pulp treated in accordance with the invention also exhibits increased absorbency. Tissue or other soft paper products produced from softwood pulp treated in accordance with the invention exhibit significantly increased softness over such untreated softwood pulp.

Abstract: Tissue paper having an enhanced tactile sense of softness through incorporation of an effective amount of a noncationic surfactant is disclosed. Preferably, less than about 2.0% of the noncationic surfactant, on a dry fiber weight basis, is incorporated in the tissue paper: more preferably, only about 1.0% or less is so retained. Tissue paper embodiments of the present invention may further contain a quantity of a binder material, such as starch, for linting control, and to increase paper strength.

Abstract: Creped tissues having improved perceived softness and appearance are made from tissue webs having at least a machine direction broken line pattern of individual densified areas containing higher mass concentrations of fibers. The broken line pattern of densified areas creates a pleasing appearance and influences the creping to provide a more uniform crepe and hence improved tissue softness.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for adjusting the impact angle of a doctor blade are provided to at least partially offset negative effects of doctor blade wear. For example and not by way of limitation, in papermaking machines for making creped tissue paper, a negative effect of progressive doctor blade wear is progressive diminution of machine-direction tensile strength of the paper, all other operating factors being constant. That is, machine-direction tensile strength of the paper is inversely related to doctor blade wear which wear is, generally speaking, directly related to operating time. This progressive lessening of the paper's machine-direction tensile strength can be at least partially offset or compensated for by adjusting the impact angle of the doctor blade.

Abstract: In a tissue paper machine, the dust that is released when the web is creped off the Yankee dryer (3) constitutes a major work environment problem. To provide an improved extraction of the dust and thereby improve the work environment for the operating personnel involved, a dust extractor (25") having an internal space (39") and a web stabilizing, imperforate plane (37") is mounted immediately adjacent to an intended path of travel for the creped web (1) so that the web during its transportation will place itself in a fixed position close to the imperforate plane (37"), and, at least an essential part of an entrained boundary layer of dust containing air is eliminated through suction only, to the internal space (39"). The suction is carried out at the rear and/or front edge of the extractor (25), and suitably both on the overside and underside of the web (1).

Abstract: A machine and method for treating a web by longitudinal compressive action, by pressing a web against a driven roll to drive it into a treatment cavity bounded by the roll and an overlying surface, followed by application of retarding forces by extrusion in which the extrusion orifice is arranged with its axis substantially parallel to the roll at the web-drive point, and in which resilient self-adjustment of the extrusion orifice is achieved by employing a plate-form member parallel to the web which is resiliently urged toward the drive nip in the direction of extent of the plate-form member.

Abstract: A creping adhesive formulation comprising 10-100% by weight of a polymer or copolymer having a Tg greater than 50.degree. C.

Abstract: Addition of a phosphate salt to creping adhesive composition comprising a water soluble binder increases operational efficiency.

Abstract: Tissue products, such as facial and bath tissue, are provided with improved softwood and opacity by making the products from a furnish containing fibers of a lower coarseness created by splitting the fibers in the lengthwise direction.

Abstract: A bulky, embossed, fibrous web material having a basis weight in the range of 5 to 50 lbs./ream and geometric means tensile strength (TS) (kg/3" width), apparent bulk (AB) (cal. pts./lb. ream), and oil holding capacity (OH) (ml/gm fiber) substantially satisfying, in absolute values, the relationships (0.27 BW-1) TS>(0.17 BW-1), AB>[0.7-(TS.div.20)], and OH 0.063TS.sup.2 -1.13TS+8.6. The invention includes an apparatus and a method of manufacturing the product comprising wet pressing a fibrous web to about 30% to 50% solids, conveying the web to a transfer position proximate the three-dimensional surface of an embossing fabric moving at a speed less than that of the web at the transfer position, and applying a vacuum to the web through the embossing fabric to transfer and conform the web to the three-dimensional surface of the fabric, the vacuum magnitude being in the range of 1 to 20 inches Hg.

Abstract: A sheet of fibrous web material having opposite smooth surfaces, an apparent bulk in the range of about 0.10 to about 0.20 caliper pts/lb ream and a machine direction stretch of at least 8%, wherein surface undulations on the opposite smooth surfaces of the sheet have an amplitude variance of less than 0.0002 inch. The invention includes an apparatus and a method of manufacturing the product comprising partially dewatering a wet fibrous web to about 30% to 50% solids, conveying the web to a compression nip defined by a smooth-surfaced roll and a smooth-surfaced fabric material, moving the fabric material at a speed of about 10% to 20% less than the surface speed of the smooth-surfaced roll, compressing the web in the nip with a compression force of less than 15 lbs/linear inch, with an average pressure of less than about 50 psi in the compression nip, and drying the web. The dried web has an apparent bulk less than 0.20 caliper pts/lb ream.

Abstract: A process for making a soft, strong cellulosic sheet weighing from about 2 to about 15 pounds per 2880 sq. ft., comprising selectively treating a face surface of a cellulosic fibrous web with a dilute aqueous solution of a chemical debonding agent in an amount effective to soften a surface zone of the web proximate the treated face surface, whereby a composite strong zone/soft surface zone structure results, with the soft surface zone thereof including the treated face surface and being from about 10 to about 40% of the total thickness of the web, and with the strong zone being effectively untreated by the agent. The cellulosic sheet made by this process is characterized by a strong inner surface zone of from about 50 to about 90% of the total thickness of the sheet, and a soft and pleasing-to-the-touch outer surface zone comprising the remainder of the thickness of the sheet.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing of kraft paper, especially kraft sack paper, on a multi-wire machine in which the web is dried by a combined cylinder drying and free drying and is optionally creped or micro-creped and optionally also glazed. By forming the web into two or more layers which are couched together in the wire part of the machine and subsequent shrinkage in order to obtain a stretch at break of at least 2.5% in the machine direction and of at least 5% in the tranverse direction, improved strength properties are provided.

Abstract: An improved wettable creping adhesive comprises an aqueous admixture of polyvinyl alcohol and a water-soluble thermoplastic polyamide resin comprising the reaction product of a polyalkylene polyamine, a saturated aliphatic dibasic carboxylic acid, and a poly(oxyethylene) diamine.

Abstract: Paper, especially wet- or dry-creped paper, is manufactured with a high rate of absorption of aqueous media by using carboxylic acid esters of carboxylic acids with 8 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one of ethoxylated and/or propoxylated primary and/or secondary alcohols with 12 to 40 C atoms, ethoxylated and/or propoxylated alkyl phenols, ethoxylated and/or propoxylated amines, and ethoxylated and/or propoxylated amides, with a degree of ethoxylation or propoxylation of 3 to 50; and/or by using polyethers obtained from the reaction of long-chain epoxides with 8 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one of ethoxylated and/or propoxylated primary and/or secondary alcohols with 12 to 40 C atoms, ethoxylated and/or propoxylated alkyl phenols, ethoxylated and/or propoxylated amines, and ethoxylated and/or propoxylated amides, with a degree of ethoxylation or propoxylation of 3 to 50.

Abstract: In order to achieve a sanitary paper web having high bulk, bulk softness and surface softness it is proposed according to the invention that said web contains expanded microspheres (11) of thermoplastic material in an amount of from 1 to 10% based on the weight of the dry web.

Abstract: The present invention relates to second grade starches and wheat "B" starches in particular which, following conventional modification treatments to produce a correspondingly viscosity-reduced starch, are especially useful in the production of Stein-Hall corrugating adhesives. Corrugated paper board products manufactured using such adhesives have improved properties. In one aspect of the present invention there is provided a modified wheat "B" starch wherein aqueous dispersions of the modified "B" starch have reduced viscosities relative to comparable dispersions of a corresponding unmodified wheat "B" starch, the reduced viscosity not being less than about 12 centipoise grams per cubic centimeter for a specified dispersion.

Abstract: A system of treating web material wherein the web is transported within a differential relative velocity nip defined by a web support surface and a pick-up member having voids therein and having a relative velocity differing from that of the support surface at the nip location. Substantially simultaneously with the web treatment the web is applied to the pick-up member with the web impressed into the voids to lock the web against movement relative to the pick-up member.

Abstract: The invention relates to a papermaking machine employing a differential pressing felt for simultaneously dewatering the paper web and imprinting the paper web as the web is deposited onto the surface of a heated drying cylinder. The felt has a felt facing material greater than about 153 grams/m.sup.2 and imprinting yarn strands forming knuckles adjacent to the felt facing. The yarn strands have a spacing of about 6 to about 25 0.0254 meters.

Abstract: A creping adhesive comprising an aqueous admixture of polyvinyl alcohol and a water-soluble, thermosetting, cationic polyamide resin provides increased adhesion in the manufacture of creped wadding.

Abstract: Creped absorbent composites made from lightly crosslinked or water-swellable hydrophilic polymers with layers of wicking substrates are disclosed. The creped composites are made by drying the composites to less than 8% moisture and creping them in a creping zone. The creped composites have a tissue-like feel at low relative humidities with rapid absorption and are useful to make low bulk, high fluid capacity personal care products. Absorbent pads made from the above composites are also disclosed wherein the pads comprise one or more layers of wicking substrates, a water impermeable bottom sheet, and a water permeable face sheet.

Abstract: Paper webs are produced in a modified conventional felted wet press process in which the fiber furnish has a chemical debonding agent added thereto in high concentrations. The web (17) is formed on a conventional Fourdrinier wire (12), transferred to a moving felt (19) which presses the web against the surface of a drying cylinder (23) to reduce its water content, and is carried by the surface of the drying cylinder (23) to a creping blade (24). Liquid adhesive is applied to the surface of the creping cylinder (23) adhead of the contact with the web to provide substantial adherence of the web to the creping surface at the point of contact with the creping blade. The levels of addition of debonding agent to the pulp furnish and the amount of adhesive applied to the creping surface are selected such that the adhesion of the web to the surface at the creping blade is greater than the internal cohesion of the web.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the manufacture of high bulk paper, or a high bulk layer of a multi-layered paper, which uses a mixture of fully hydrated paper making fibres and substantially unhydrated fibres. The unhydrated fibres may be mixed with the conventional slurry of hydrated fibres shortly before the head box. The web may be dried primarily by pressing, with the unhydrated fibres remaining relatively unhydrated throughout the process and ensuring a bulky product; through-driers need not be used. The invention also covers the novel product of this process.

Abstract: Tissue paper webs useful in the manufacture of soft, absorbent products such as paper towels, and processes for making the webs. The process comprises the steps of forming an aqueous papermaking furnish from paper pulp, at least one specified quaternary ammonium compound and at least one specified nonionic surfactant. The quaternary ammonium compounds are trimethylalkyl, trimethylalkylene, methylpolyoxyethylene alkyl and methylpolyoxyethylene alkylene quaternary ammonium compounds. The nonionic surfactants are ethylene oxide adducts of fatty alcohols and fatty acids. The second and third steps in the basic process are the deposition of the papermaking furnish onto a foraminous surface such as a Fordrinier wire and removal of the water from the deposited furnish.

Abstract: High bulk, absorbent paper having a relatively high MD elongation at rupture, and a substantially greater stress/strain modulus in the lowest one-third of its range of MD extensibility--preferably when wet--than equally machine-direction-stretchable, purely dry-foreshortened (e.g., dry-creped) paper having substantially identical MD elongation at rupture. The process includes a differential velocity transfer of a wet-laid embryonic web having relatively low fiber consistency from a carrier to a substantially slower moving, open-mesh transfer fabric having a substantial void volume; and thereafter drying the web while precluding substantial macroscopic rearrangement of the fibers in the plane of the web. The differential velocity transfer is effected without substantial compaction of the web by avoiding substantial mechanical pressing, centrifugal slinging, air blasting, and the like.

Abstract: A creping adhesive comprises an admixture of poly 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline and a high molecular weight thermoplastic polymer.

Abstract: A creping machine comprising a driven rotary carrier roll; a stationary blade assembly which is positioned to press sheet material into entrained engagement with the circumferential surface of the carrier roll and which includes a resilient spring blade projecting downstream from the immediately adjacent portion of the assembly; and a stationary retarder extending downstream from the circumferential surface of the carrier roll adjacent to the projecting resilient spring blade and over which the sheet material passes on disengagement from the said surface; the retarder having a transverse upstream facing wall extending downwardly from its upper surface whereby a cavity constituting a creping zone is defined upstream of the said wall and beneath the projecting resilient spring blade. Operation of the machine, which can in some cases be effected without a projecting blade causes a true creping action at wall.

Abstract: A system for producing a bulky, soft and absorbent paper web wherein the web is directed through a first nip formed by two dewatering felts, a second nip formed between a dewatering felt and an imprinting fabric of a specified character, and a third nip formed between the imprinting fabric and creping surface.

Abstract: A procedure is disclosed for creping paper without conferring wet strength or sizing thereto.

Abstract: A system for producing a bulky, soft and absorbent paper web wherein the web is creped from a first creping surface, passes through a nip formed between a dewatering felt and imprinting fabric of a specified character and is applied to and creped from a second creping surface.

Abstract: Tissue paper webs useful in the manufacture of soft, absorbent products such as paper towels, and processes for making the webs. The process comprises the steps of forming an aqueous papermaking furnish from paper pulp, at least one specified quaternary ammonium compound and at least one specified nonionic surfactant. The quaternary ammonium compounds are trimethylalkyl, trimethylalkylene, methylpolyoxyethylene alkyl and methylpolyoxyethylene alkylene quaternary ammonium compounds. The nonionic surfactants are ethylene oxide adducts of fatty alcohols and fatty acids. The second and third steps in the basic process are the deposition of the papermaking furnish onto a foraminous surface such as a Fordrinier wire and removal of the water from the deposited furnish.

Abstract: A method and apparatus especially adapted to produce a ply separable web requiring substantially less energy input for drying. The apparatus comprises a headbox having at least three stock flow channels, the outer channels being adapted to convey conventional aqueous stock solutions, with at least one inner channel adapted to convey airborne fibers. The resulting web, having a significant portion of the fibers in a dry state, requires less energy to dry, and the distinct layers provide shear zones therebetween which permit ply separation upon creping. Different fiber types may be provided in different layers depending upon product attributes desired, and the products may be conventionally dried or may be throughdried. An alternative embodiment requires the mixing of airborne fibers with an aqueous solution adjacent to or within the headbox, producing only surface wetting of the fibers and reduced interfiber bonding.

Abstract: A moist, porous web is consolidated and dried by running it through the nip between two rotatable rolls, the surface of one of which is heated as it approaches the nip. One side of the web is in direct contact with the surface of the heated roll and the other side faces a permeable surface. The rolls are pressed together under high pressure to transfer heat from the heated roll to the web compressed therebetween to dry the same. The roll surface may be heated by hot gases from a fuel combustion burner or by a liquid medium. The dried and consolidated web may be removed from the heated roll by doctoring or it may be conveyed from the nip between the rolls to apparatus for processing it further.

Abstract: A procedure is disclosed for creping paper without conferring wet strength or sizing thereto.

Abstract: In the commercial production of tissue paper and the like a web, formed from a slurry of water and fiber, is creped while essentially (98%) dry, from a rotating cylindrical dryer. Adhesives are frequently employed to hold the web to the dryer surface and polyvinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer emulsions serve this function. Such adhesives are relatively soft, tend to adhere to the fabrics which carry the paper web to the dryer surface and tend to make cleaning of the carrying fabric difficult. Additionally, these adhesives tend to cause blocking of the tissue paper when in roll form and adjacent plies of the paper tend to be torn upon separation.

Abstract: An improved method of making imprinted paper on a Yankee dryer type papermaking machine wherein a substantial length portion of a loop of imprinting fabric post-wraps an arcuate sector of the Yankee dryer immediately after a pressure roll-Yankee dryer nip, and by being tensioned imposes radially inwardly acting compressive loading on a corresponding length portion of the web disposed between the fabric and the dryer surface. This enables, for instance, improved Yankee dryer speed, improved web tension and edge control of the paper when creped off the Yankee dryer, reduced use of adhesive on the Yankee dryer surface, improved fiber transfer efficiency, and reduced energy consumption per ton of paper made.

Abstract: A layered paper and method of making it, which paper is characterized by having a soft, relatively untextured smooth velutinous surface defined by a multiplicity of relatively flaccid papermaking fibers having unbonded free end portions of substantial length, and which surface is subjectively discernible by humans as being extremely soft and smooth. Exemplary embodiments include tissue paper, and tissue paper products comprising one or more plies of such paper. The method includes wet laying a layered web which has a relatively low bond surface layer comprising at least about 60% relatively short papermaking fibers, drying the web without imparting substantial texture thereto, breaking sufficient papermaking bonds in the surface layer to generate a velutinous surface having an FFE-Index of at least about 60 and preferably at least about 90, and calendering the dried web as required to provide said surface layer with an HTR-Texture of about 1.0 or less, and more preferably about 0.