Abstract: A paper bulking promoter containing a compound represented by the following formula (1) with which a highly bulky sheet can be obtained without impairing paper strength: RO(EO)m(PO)nH  (1) wherein R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms or an alkylaryl group in which the alkyl group has 4 to 20 carbon atoms; E represents an ethylene group; P represents a propylene group; m indicates the average number of moles added in the range of 0≦m≦20; and n is a number in the range of 0≦n≦50; provided that the EO and PO groups may have any of block and random arrangements and may begin with any of EO and PO.

Abstract: A web of tissue is formed in a crescent former, followed by an air press for water removal in the pressing section, passing onto a Yankee dryer. A headbox injects stock between upper and lower dryer fabrics brought together on a breast roll. The fabrics move over vacuum boxes, and the web is heated with steam and passed between an upper pressure box and a lower vacuum box forming an air press which dewaters the web. A sheet transfer pickup vacuum box holds the sheet to the upper fabric as the lower fabric diverges from the upper fabric. A pressure roller transfers the web onto a Yankee dryer. The fabrics are cleaned on vertical runs before returning to the breast roll. A second upper fabric or transfer fabric operating at a lower speed then the first can be used to form a rush transfer between the forming fabrics and the Yankee dryer which increases web bulk and absorbency. Instead of a second fabric, a vacuum pressure roll may perform the rush transfer between the lower forming fabric and the Yankee dryer.

Abstract: Paper sheets, such as tissue sheets useful for facial tissue, bath tissue and the like, are formed with a decorative pattern imparted to the tissue sheet by the forming fabric. The decorative pattern is incorporated into the forming fabric by a variety of means, such as stitching, silk screening, printing, weaving, or overlaying a fabric with a decorative pattern onto a conventional forming fabric. The presence of decoratively-shaped areas in the forming fabric, which are areas of relatively slow water drainage, cause corresponding areas in the resulting sheet to have a translucent appearance attributable to a relatively lower basis weight and/or different fiber composition. The decorative patterns are preferably formed in the outer or surface layer(s) of the paper sheet.

Abstract: The present invention provides method for making a wet pressed paper web. An embryonic web of papermaking fibers is formed on a foraminous forming member, and transferred to an imprinting member to deflect a portion of the papermaking fibers in the embryonic web into deflection conduits in the imprinting member. The web, the imprinting member, and two felt layers, are then pressed in a compression nip with a foraminous backing member to mold and dewater the web.

Abstract: A membrane felt for a tissue making process using a Yankee or MG cylinder the membrane felt comprising a polymeric matrix membrane layer (11) and a supporting base structure (12). The polymeric matrix optionally at least partially encapsulates parallel yarns extending it at least one direction. The supporting base structure is a textile substrate. These are secured together, preferably via a batt fibre layer which may be needled between the supporting base structure and membrane layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to security paper and in particular to a method for the manufacture of security paper that is provided with high-quality watermarks. In particular such a method comprises forming a papermaking suspension comprising cellulosic fibers and polyvinyl alcohol fibers, which polyvinyl alcohol fibers are soluble in water at temperatures of from 95 to 100 degrees C, dewatering the papermaking suspension through an emboseed wire mesh or other embossed means, wherein the embossing creates a profile of peaks and troughs corresponding to the light and dark areas of the watermark, and the formed paper after dewatering with the watermark feature is thereafter dried to provide the resulting security paper.

Abstract: A paper web and method of making the paper web are disclosed. The paper web has a background portion and a non-embossed decorative pattern. The decorative pattern has at least one high basis weight region having a basis weight greater than the average basis weight of the surrounding background portion. The decorative pattern can include a number of discrete, decorative indicia. Each decorative indicia can be separated from adjacent decorative indicia by the background portion.

Abstract: An improved absorbent consumer paper product is made on an improved drying fabric that forms an aesthetically pleasing and functionally superior pattern on the paper web before creping. The drying fabric is characterized by a plurality of shute threads extending substantially parallel to each other in a cross-direction of the drying fabric; and a plurality of warp threads extending substantially parallel to each other in a machine direction of the drying fabric. The shute and warp threads are woven together so as to define a number of relatively long warp knuckles at locations where one of said warp threads crosses over at least four of the shute threads.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing visible, preferably transparent or translucent, continuous streaks and/or delimited fields in paper in conjunction with forming a paper web in a paper machine. The method is characterized by essentially preventing dewatering of paper stock/paper fibres on one or more surfaces of a wire in the forming unit of a paper machine in conjunction with forming a paper web in the machine, and by applying a special stock that contains fibres which differ from the other fibre material deposited on the wire, optionally together with an arbitrary filler and/or binder. The invention also relates to a valuable document, such as a banknote, produced from the aforedescribed paper.

Abstract: A papermaking belt and paper made thereon. The papermaking belt may be a through air drying belt having a plurality of deflection conduits therethrough. The deflection conduits are divided into subconduits by peninsular segments. Likewise, the paper made on the belt has an essentially continuous network and a plurality of domes. Each dome is divided into a plurality of subdomes by peninsular segments in the paper. The papermaking belt may, alternatively, be a forming wire. If so, the forming wire may have a plurality of discrete protuberances extending outwardly from the plane of the forming wire. Each protuberance has at least one slot therein. The slots extend into the discrete protuberance. Likewise, the paper made on this forming wire has a high basis weight essentially continuous network and discrete low basis weight regions corresponding to the discrete protuberances. Each low basis weight region has at least one high basis weight peninsular segment corresponding to the slot in the protuberance.

Abstract: A papermaking forming belt and a method of making the same, as well a cellulosic web and the process of making the web are disclosed. The belt comprises an air-permeable reinforcing structure and a resinous framework. The reinforcing structure has a web-facing side defining an X-Y plane, a machine-facing side opposite the web-facing side, and a Z-direction perpendicular to the X-Y plane. The resinous framework is comprised of a plurality of discrete protuberances extending from the reinforcing structure, each of the protuberances having an axis, a top surface, a base surface opposite the top surface, and walls. The axes of at least some of the protuberances and the Z-direction form an acute angles therebetween.

Abstract: A process for making a paper sheet is disclosed. After a web is transferred from a forming wire to a papermaking belt preferably having deflection conduits, the web is overlaid with a flexible sheet of material such that the web is disposed intermediate the sheet of material and the papermaking belt. The sheet of material has an air permeability less than the papermaking belt, and is preferably air-impermeable. An application of a fluid pressure differential to the sheet of material causes deflection of at least a portion of the sheet of material towards the papermaking belt and, preferably, deflection of at least a portion of the web into the conduits of the papermaking belt and water removal from the web through the conduits of the papermaking belt.

Abstract: The invention comprises an apparatus for use in making a web of papermaking fibers. The apparatus comprising: a dewatering felt layer having a first web facing felt surface at a first elevation and a second oppositely facing felt surface, and a web patterning layer comprising a photosensitive resin. The patterning layer penetrates the first felt surface, and extends from the first felt surface to form a web contacting top surface at a second elevation different from the first elevation. The invention also comprises a method of forming a web support apparatus having a felt layer and a web patterning layer.

Abstract: A paper toweling which provides a combination of strength, bulk and absorbency while presenting an attractive appearance. Included are a single ply paper towel having areas of light and heavy embossing perforations which form diamond shaped islands of heavy embossing perforations surrounded by intersecting bands of light bosses.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of shaped bodies, in particular packaging shaped bodies, from biologically decomposable material using a viscous mass containing biologically decomposable fiber material, water and starch, which is baked with the formation of a composite of fiber material and starch in a baking mould, and a shaped body produced according to this process. The use of native and pre-gelatinated or modified starch in connection with a fiber material feed stock from fibers or fiber bundles of differing lengths is especially advantageous.

Abstract: A papermaking fabric for increasing bulk in the paper sheet during forming and/or through air drying which is comprised of a system of MD filaments selectively interwoven with a system of CD filaments having at least smaller and larger filament subsets.

Abstract: A unique method of producing a reinforced moulded sheet having one continuously planar face and having a plurality of ribs or thickened areas which provide a corresponding plurality of prominences directed outwardly of the other face, said prominences having predetermined shapes, locations and dimensions to serve as reinforced areas for said sheet. And a series of new or improved composite hollow moulded panels, each comprised of at least two co-extensive elements, each of said panels being reinforced and improved by the provision of at least one of said reinforced moulded sheets as an external element of said at least two co-extensive elements, the ribs or thickened areas of said reinforced sheet being glued internally of said hollow panel to the adjacent co-extensive element thereof.

Abstract: A wet-laid paper having an outer surface configured to be pleasing to the eye and further having improved bulk, softness, and width wise stretch ratio without loss of tensile strength. The paper is characterized spaced diagonally arranged continuous zones or rows of compressed fibers extending across the width of the paper. These compressed zones or rows are separated with diagonally arranged arrays of uncompressed pillow like zones of uncompressed fibers which are at least partially encircled with picket like lineaments of compressed fibers. The invention includes the process of making the paper.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of producing and using composite fibers in a liquid molding process. The composite fibers are formed from a base material and filler particles which are lighter or less expensive than the base material. A preform screen is placed at the bottom of a tank. The tank is filled with liquid, the composite fibers and a mass of reinforcing fibers creating a slurry above the screen. The screen is raised up through the slurry causing the composite fibers and the reinforcing fibers to be deposited on the screen creating a fiber preform. The preform is then removed from the screen and is placed in a mold for use in a liquid molding process.

Abstract: A method of making the paper web is disclosed. The paper web includes at least three regions disposed in a nonrandom, repeating pattern. The three regions are distinguishable from each other by at least one property selected from the group consisting of basis weight, density, and fiber composition. The paper web has a relatively high basis weight background portion and decorative indicia. The decorative indicia comprise one or more relatively low basis weight regions.

Abstract: A cellulosic fibrous structure having two regions distinguished from one another by basis weight. The first region is an essentially continuous high basis weight network. The second region comprises a plurality of discrete low basis weight regions. The cellulosic fibers forming the plurality of second regions are generally radially oriented within each region. The cellulosic fibrous structure may be formed by a forming belt having zones of different flow resistances arranged in a particular ratio of flow resistances. The zones of different flow resistances provide for selectively draining a liquid carrier through the different zones of the belt in a radial flow pattern.

Abstract: A backside textured papermaking belt is disclosed which is comprised of a framework and a reinforcing structure. The framework has a first surface which defines the paper-contacting side of the belt, a second surface opposite the first surface, and conduits which extend between first and second surfaces of the belt. The first surface of the framework has a paper side network formed therein which defines the conduits. The second surface of the framework has a backside network with passageways that provide surface texture irregularities in the backside network. The papermaking belt is made by applying a coating of photosensitive resinous material to a reinforcing structure which has opaque portions, and then exposing the photosensitive resinous material to light of an activating wavelength through a mask which has transparent and opaque regions and also through the reinforcing structure.

Abstract: A multi-layer fabric for carrying and forming an embossed paper web is provided which comprises two separate woven fabric layers which are joined together, preferably during weaving. The top fabric layer is a very coarse mesh open fabric which supports the web and assists in forming the embossed characteristic of the web. The top layer is connected to a base fabric layer which is a substantially finer mesh. The layers are preferably interconnected by binder strands which interweave as structural warps or shutes of the finer mesh fabric layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a cellulosic fibrous structure having multiple regions distinguished from one another by basis weight. The structure is a paper having an essentially continuous high basis weight network, and discrete regions of low basis weight which circumscribe discrete regions of intermediate basis weight. The cellulosic fibers forming the low basis weight regions may be radially oriented relative to the centers of the regions. The paper may be formed by using a forming belt having zones with different flow resistances. The basis weight of a region of the paper is generally inversely proportional to the flow resistance of the zone of the forming belt, upon which such region was formed. The zones of different flow resistances provide for selectively draining a liquid carrier having suspended cellulosic fibers through the different zones of the forming belt.

Abstract: A method of producing a nonwoven fiber glass mat that contains discrete areas which are of different construction than the remainder of the mat. The permeable forming screen onto which a fibrous aqueous slurry is deposited is of a different structure in areas corresponding to the discrete areas of the mat so as to restrict the flow of water through those areas. Less fiber is deposited in those areas, resulting in the discrete areas being comprised of a thinner mat. The orientation of fibers within the discrete areas can be controlled by correlating the restricted flow of slurry in these areas to the flow of slurry necessary to cause this condition.

Abstract: A process for making a cellulosic fibrous structure such as paper. In one embodiment, the fibrous structure has high and low basis weight regions. The high basis weight region is subdivided into low density regions, so that a fibrous structure having three regions is produced. In a second embodiment, the fibrous structure has four regions. Both the high and low basis weight regions are further subdivided into high and low density regions. The process comprises applying noncoincident differential pressure to selected regions of an embryonic fibrous structure.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a single lamina tissue paper having visually discernible, large scale patterns made during the drying step of the papermaking process. Particularly, the tissue is made on a blow through drying belt having a pattern of alternating knuckles and deflection conduits. This pattern produces a like pattern of regions in the paper having alternating values of crepe frequencies, opacities and elevations. The differences in these values produces a visually discernible pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cellulosic fibrous structure, particularly a consumer product such as toilet tissue, facial tissue or a paper towel. In a first embodiment, extending outwardly from each face of the cellulosic fibrous structure is a plurality of protuberances. The protuberances extend bilaterally outwardly from the plane of the cellulosic fibrous structure in both directions. The bilaterally extending protuberances increase the caliper and texture of the consumer product embodied in the cellulosic fibrous structure. In a second embodiment, the protuberances extend outwardly, and are induced by fluid embossing, rather than mechanical embossing. Also disclosed is a fluid embossing process for making such cellulosic fibrous structures.

Abstract: A backside textured papermaking belt is disclosed which is comprised of a framework and a reinforcing structure. The framework has a first surface which defines the paper-contacting side of the belt, a second surface opposite the first surface, and conduits which extend between first and second surfaces of the belt. The first surface of the framework has a paper side network formed therein which defines the conduits. The second surface of the framework has a backside network with passageways that provide surface texture irregularities in the backside network. The papermaking belt is made by casting a photosensitive resinous material over and through the reinforcing structure while the reinforcing structure travels over a textured surface, and then exposing the photosensitive resinous material to light of an activating wavelength through a mask which has transparent and opaque regions.

Abstract: A process for making a strong, bulky, absorbent paper sheet with improved uniformity by forming the web on a forming fabric with a furnish having a consistency in the range of from about 0.08% to about 0.6% solids, dewatering the web noncompressibly such that the web is the range of from about 30% to about 40% dry, transferring the web from the forming fabric to an imprinting fabric, lightly pressing the web and the imprinting fabric against the drying can to form a pattern of densifications in the web, can drying the web from no more than about 30% to 40% dry to at least 55% to 60% dry, and restraining the web between the imprinting fabric and the drying can during the can drying step until the web is at least 55% to 60% dry.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a single lamina tissue paper having visually discernible, large scale patterns made during the drying step of the papermaking process. Particularly, the tissue is made on a blow through drying belt having a pattern of alternating knuckles and deflection conduits. This pattern produces a like pattern of regions in the paper having alternating values of crepe frequencies, opacities and elevations. The differences in these values produces a visually discernible pattern.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for binding the fibers of a fiber reinforced plastic preform. A fiber reinforced plastic preform is created in a preselected geometry from a mixture of reinforcing fibers and binding fibers, the binding fibers being responsive to a high frequency electromagnetic field to melt thereby binding the reinforcing fibers. The fiber reinforced plastic preform is then exposed for a short period of time to a high frequency electromagnetic field, with the high frequency electromagnetic field causing the binding fibers to melt thus binding the reinforcing fibers of the preform.

Abstract: A cellulosic fibrous structure, such as paper. The fibrous structure has at least three intensively distinct regions. The regions are distinguished from one another by intensive properties such is basis weight, density and projected average pore size, or thickness. In one embodiment, the fibrous structure has regions of two basis weights, a high basis weight region and a low basis weight region. The high basis weight region is further subdivided into low and high density regions so that a fibrous structure having three regions is produced.A second embodiment is a four region fibrous structure. Two of the regions have generally equivalent relatively high basis weights and two of the regions having generally equivalent relatively low basis weights.

Abstract: A backside textured papermaking belt is disclosed which is comprised of a framework and a reinforcing structure. The framework has a first surface which defines the paper-contacting side of the belt, a second surface opposite the first surface, and conduits which extend between first and second surfaces of the belt. The first surface of the framework has a paper side network formed therein which defines the conduits. The second surface of the framework has a backside network with passageways that provide surface texture irregularities in the backside network. The papermaking belt is made by casting a photosensitive resinous material over and through the reinforcing structure while the reinforcing structure travels over a textured surface, and then exposing the photosensitive resinous material to light of an activating wavelength through a mask which has transparent and opaque regions.

Abstract: A non-woven fibrous mat of generally random fiber orientation with built up lines or strips of fiber formed therein directionally oriented to enhance the strength and/or appearance of a mat and a method and apparatus for efficiently producing the same by differentially controlling dewatering in a wet mat process.

Abstract: A method for simultaneously drying a moist fibrous web and imprinting a pattern in each side thereof by passing the web through the nip between a patterned heated roll and a pressing roll, on a carrier having a nonplanar imprinting surface.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel cellulosic web and a method for its manufacture. The web is fabricated of fibrous material and is characterized by one of its surfaces being nubby. Such web is formed by the deposition of fibers from an aqueous slurry onto the surface of a multiplex forming fabric defining pockets in one surface thereof, under conditions of flow and rate of water removal that establish high shear fluid flow and result in the orientation of fibers and/or fiber segments at an angle with respect to the plane of the forming fabric. The resultant web has a high apparent bulk and good absorbency and strength properties.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making fiber reinforced plastic preforms via a wet slurry process. A screen with the desired preform configuration is placed in the bottom of a tank. The tank is then filled with water and chopped fibers to create a slurry. The screen is raised up through the slurry causing fibers to be deposited on the screen in the shape of the preform. The preform is then removed from the screen, placed in a mold and injected with resin to form the desired structure.

Abstract: A wet pulp of mineral fibers or the like is forced between a pulp carrier and a corrugated texturing skid inclined toward the downstream end of a moving slab of the pulp. The corrugations of the skid are co-directional with the machine direction of the conveyor belt that transports the pulp under and beyond the skid.

Abstract: A flexible, cushioning dunnage product producible on a converter mechanism from a roll of sheet-like stock material, such as biodegradable paper. As the stock material is pulled off the roll by the converter, the edges of the stock material are rolled inwardly to form pillow-like portions which are urged by the converter mechanism laterally inwardly with respect to one another into confronting abutting relation, with the pillow-like portions being then connected together along their engaged abutting sides by in the preferred embodiment, transversely extending coined sections extending transversely of the product and defining a generally central connecting portion running in a direction lengthwise of the product.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of bonding a fibrous wet laid nonwoven fabric-like product using bacterial cellulose as a binder. The bacterial cellulose most useful for the invention is the type formed in an agitated culture. Microorganisms of the genus Acetobacter which are genetically adapted to be good cellulose producers under agitated conditions are preferred cellulose producers. From 1-30% of the bacterial cellulose may be added to a water slurry of other sheet forming fibers as a binder. Preferably 20% or less bacterial cellulose is used since higher amounts retard drainage rates significantly. Bacterial cellulose conveys many desirable properties such as excellent hydrophilicity with low air porosity and high tensile index. It may be used in many cases as a total replacement for the latex binders now used for manufacture of nonwoven fabrics. Bacterial cellulose is especially well adapted for the manufacture of pattern bonded sheets.

Abstract: A process for producing a filter with multiple folds from an aqueous fiber mixture that is applied to a porous form, in which a paper-like filter mat is produced on the form under the action of pressure, and it is carried out without mechanical deformation of the rough casting. This is achieved pursuant to the invention by the fact that the aqueous fiber mixture is deposited on the porous form having the contour of the filter, from loading chambers separate from one another, and the filter is built up of adjacent fold sections in layers on the form by separate introduction of the fiber mixture to the fold sections connected to one another.

Abstract: A papermachine fabric for the production of tissue paper or porous batts has a two layer fabric comprised of a fine upper fabric layer and a coarser lower fabric layer. Both fabric layers have a large open area. The two fabric layers are firmly interconnected so that the upper fabric layer exhibits depressions at the sites of interweaving which are distributed in the manner of a pattern. The papermachine fabric is especially suited as an embossing fabric for after drying the paper web coming from a sheet forming fabric or as a second sheet former of a twin wire former.

Abstract: A sheet material such as paper is provided during manufacture with an elongate element partially disposed within the thickness of the paper sheet but exposed at spaced locations one one side of the sheet. The paper may be used in making security documents such as banknotes and checks.

Abstract: Wet-laid paper having, when creped, improved bulk, softness, and flexibility; a relatively large cross-machine-direction to machine-direction stretch ratio; and improved burst to total tensile strength ratio. The paper is characterized by an array of uncompressed zones which are in staggered relation in both the machine direction and the cross-machine direction; and by having each uncompressed zone defined by a picket-like discontinuous lineament of compacted fibrous material. The invention also includes a process for making the paper through the use of an imprinting fabric which is configured to precipitate the requisite compacting of the picket-like lineaments prior to final drying and creping of the paper.

Abstract: A nonwoven fabric having alternating stripes of high fiber density and low fiber density has fibers of at least 1/2 inch in length and fibers of less than 1/2 inch in length, preferably under 1/4 inch in length. The fabric is made in such a manner as to produce parallel twistless ribbon strands in the high fiber density areas containing both short and long fibers. The twistless ribbon strands are bridged together by the long fibers so as to form the nonwoven fabric. A majority of the bridging long fibers have at least a portion of their length included in adjacent twistless ribbon strands; said ribbon strands having at least one strand width space between said ribbon strands.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making a patterned non-woven sheet by providing a slurry of fluid and fibers and forming the slurry into a sheet-like form. An electrostatic field action is provided that acts on the sheet-like form and causes the fibers to be arranged into a predetermined pattern whereby said patterned non-woven sheet is electrostatically formed.

Abstract: A tufted nonwoven web material exhibiting high loft, bulk and absorbency is made by a papermaking technique using an apertured, plate-like, fiber collecting element having a structure appropriate to preventing entanglement between adjacent tufts prior to removal from the element. The tufted nonwoven fibrous web exhibits inwardly turned, spirally consolidated and entangled individual tuft head portions and substantially aligned and untwisted root portions interconnecting the head portion to the undisturbed planar main body of the web material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making a non-woven sheet by providing a slurry of liquid and fibers and forming the slurry into a sheet-like form by flowing said slurry against and between two spaced apart surfaces. An electrostatic field action is provided that acts on the sheet-like form between said two surfaces and causes at least part of the fibers to be arranged into a sheet means adjacent one of the non-conductive surfaces and at least part of the liquid to be arranged adjacent the other surface. The other surface is pervious and the electrostatic field action causes the liquid to be drawn into the pervious surface at a controlled rate. The one surface has needle-like projections projecting at least partially into the sheet-like form to assist the electrostatic field action in forming the sheet means adjacent that one surface.

Abstract: A low-density, soft, bulky and absorbent paper sheet exhibiting a diamond-shaped pattern in its surface after creping, said paper being characterized by having a cross-directional stretch of from about 2 to about 6 percent, as well as improved softness, surface feel and drape, said paper sheet being particularly suitable for use in tissue, toweling and sanitary products. The aforesaid paper sheets are produced by impressing a dot-dash knuckle pattern, wherein the long axis of the dash impressions is aligned parallel to the machine direction of papermaking, using the back side of a monofilament, polymeric fiber, semi-twill fabric of selected coarseness, the knuckle imprint area of which constitutes between about 20 and about 50 percent of the total fabric surface area, as measured in the plane of the knuckles, on an uncompacted paper web at selected fiber consistencies, induced by thermal predrying, prior to final drying and creping.