Abstract: A hot roll glosser and method for the transparentising of resin-coated microencapsulated media includes a pair of heated pressing rolls, in which the roll which comes into contact with a resin surface is formed with an ultra-smooth silicone surface of low furface energy, and the glossing temperature of the rolls at the pressing nip is maintained below the glass transition temperature of the resin. Take-off rolls are disclosed for maintaining a tension in the web material exiting the nip to maintain a negative exit angle with respect to the silicone roll and to prevent adhesion and sticking to the roll.

Abstract: A paper having an absolute dry moisture content (moisture content in absolute dry condition) of 1.8-7% is subjected to a heat calendering treatment at a temperature of 150.degree.-300.degree. C. under a linear pressure of 40 kg/cm or above to provide a paper which has both satisfactory surface smoothness and rigidity (stiffness) and is suited for use as a photographic support.

Abstract: Increased resistance of the cut edges of liquid packaging board to penetration by hot hydrogen peroxide is obtained by adding an aqueous emulsion of ketene dimer, cationic rosin size and insolubilizing agent either separately or in preblended form to the aqueous pulp slurry at a neutral to alkaline pH.

Abstract: Urea is used to pacify "stickies" in the manufacture of paper products, particularly coated boxboard.

Abstract: A method for treating paper or other fibrous materials to improve the holdout characteristics of printing inks, lacquers and coating compositions. The method involves the application of an organophilic complex of(a) a water-insoluble hydrated cation-exchangeable film-forming smectitic layered silicate having an ion exchange capacity of at least 50 milliequivalents/100 g and(b) an organic radical derived from an onium compound attached thereto.The organophilic complex forms a barrier layer by reaction with the organic solvent contained in the printing ink, lacquer or other coating composition.

Abstract: In a method for bonding a nonwoven web of cellulosic fibers by depositing a polymeric binder on the web, the improvement comprising(1) pretreating the cellulosic fibers by depositing up to about 10 wt % of an adhesion-promoting compound which demonstrates adhesion to cellulosic fibers of at least 200 g as measured by a cellophane laminate test, and(2) depositing on the pretreated cellulosic fibers and amount of an overcoat binder polymer sufficient to provide a bonded self-sustaining web.

Abstract: A binder composition is disclosed, which comprises:(A) a copolymer emulsion which contains as its essential ingredients vinyl acetate, ethylene, and a monomer represented by the formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or CH.sub.3 ; and R.sub.2 is H or an alkyl group having not more than 5 carbon atoms, the proportions of the respective ingredients being within the range of 55-96.5/3-40/0.5-5 on a weight basis;(B) a formaldehyde-free nitrogen-containing glyoxal resin;(C) a metal salt catalyst; and optionally(D) a higher alcohol sulfuric acid ester-based surfactant.Nonwoven fabrics and impregnated papers using the binder composition are also disclosed. The binder composition exhibits not only high resistance to water and solvents but also low residual free formaldehyde level, with an improvement in foamability being optionally attainable.

Abstract: There is described a water-resistant paper support for photographic layers with at least one coating hardened by electron beams, in which the base paper of the paper support contains at least one aluminum compound in a quantity, relative to the aluminum ion, of 1 to 12 kg/t of cellulose, preferably 3 to 6 kg/t of cellulose, and with a pH-value of the paper stuff of the base paper between 5 and 8.

Abstract: Substrate composites, well adopted for the production of metallized printed circuits and facilely prepared by, e.g., papermaking procedures, include a central core layer comprising fibrous cellulosic material or flaked mica within a matrix of a thermosetting resin binder, said central core element having coextensively laminated to at least one of the face surfaces thereof, a lamina of a thermosetting resin comprising non-conductive metal oxide filler material distributed therethrough, and said metal oxide being borohydride reduceable and reactive to form unstable metal hydride intermediates.

Abstract: A thermosetting size applyable to paper in a size press and curable at a temperature not in excess of about 280.degree. F. for 10 seconds is disclosed. This size comprises an aqueous emulsion comprising water having suspended therein aqueous emulsion copolymer particles of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising hydroxy-functional monomer having an hydroxy number of at least about 20, and the balance of the monomers provides a water insoluble polymer having a glass transition temperature of from about -20.degree. C. to about 50.degree. C. The emulsion has a pH greater than about 2.5, preferably from 4.0 to 7.0, and a stoichiometric deficiency of an aminoplast cross-linking agent is used for cure. An acid curing catalyst is uniformly distributed in the size to speed the cure.

Abstract: A flexible carbon material is produced by carbonizing a composite material comprising carbon fibers having an average length of 6 to 50 mm and a binding agent. Carbon lumps are derived from the binding agent and are dispersed in a matrix of the carbon fibers so as to restrain a plurality of the carbon fibers while yet permitting relative slippage to occur as between the carbon fibers and carbon lumps such that the carbon fiber material exhibits a flexibility ratio D/d of not greater than 200 (where D is the diameter of curvature of the carbon material, when bent, just before breakage, and d is the thickness of the carbon material). The carbon fibers and lumps are preferrably present in an amount of from 5 to 50%, and 5 to 70% by volume, respectively, based upon the total volume of the carbon material.

Abstract: A process for producing a support for photographic paper is described, having a layer hardened by irradiation with electron beams on at least one surface of the paper support, comprising coating a mixture of an organic compound capable of being hardened by irradiation with electron beams and a white pigment on a shaping face, hardening the layer by irradiation with electron beams in that state, adhering the resulting coated layer to a base paper by an adhesive, and then peeling off the base paper having the coated hardened layer from the shaping face.A support for photographic paper is produced by the process. The support has superior properties with respect to the surface configuration and good whiteness.

Abstract: A support for photographic paper is described, which comprises a sheet of paper coated with a composition comprising an unsaturated bond-containing electron beam-polymerizable organic compound and an inorganic white pigment that is subjected to electron beam irradiation for curing, wherein said unsaturated bond-containing organic compound (A) and said inorganic white pigment (B) are present in a weight ratio (A)/(B) of from 3/1 to 1/9, and said unsaturated bond-containing organic compound comprises an unsaturated organic compound (C) containing two carbon-to-carbon double bonds per molecule and an unsaturated organic compound (D) containing three carbon-to-carbon double bonds per molecule, and the weight ratio (C)/(D) is from 49/51 to 1/99.

Abstract: An apparatus and process are disclosed for an efficient decurling system wherein a web material is introduced into a steam environment such that the distance between the web and the steam source is maintained substantially constant.

Abstract: A method for sizing cellulosic fiber containing paper with a sizing agent having the formula: ##STR1## wherein n is an integer from 12 to 24. The sizing agent is reacted with the paper at a pH of from about 11 to about 14 in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide.

Abstract: A paper which resists significant distortion in planarity in response to moisture comprises a web which carries a predetermined amount of a polymer-filler blend and which has been dried after application of said blend to a finished moisture level below about 4%, by weight.

Abstract: Composite fine paper suitable for offset and gravure printing at high speeds and containing over 30% filler up to 70% filler for basis weights of 30-150 lbs/3300 ft.sup.2, is produced on a high speed paper-making machine from a furnish containing large quantities of filler, preferably a mixture of clay and talc, and including 3-7% of an ionic latex which is selected to provide good retention and good strength without leaving a residue on the screen.

Abstract: Non-aqueous solvents are removed from a substrate, e.g., paper, by contacting the substrate with a condensable, vaporous heat transfer medium that is in a superheated state, e.g., superheated steam, and maintaining said substrate in contact with said superheated heat transfer medium, while also maintaining said heat transfer medium in superheated state, for a period of time sufficient to effect removal of said non-aqueous liquid from said substrate without concomitant condensation of said superheated heat transfer medium thereon. The superheated heat transfer medium, as well as being the source of energy for evaporating the solvent, acts as a solvent vapor transport medium. Upon evaporation of the solvent, the solvent vapor-heat transfer medium mixture can be sent to a recovery zone to easily recover said solvent via condensation of the mixture and thereby avoid the discharge of said solvent vapors into the atmosphere.

Abstract: Electrically conductive paper is coated with an insulating coating which is an aqueous latex of an aqueous emulsion copolymer of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising from 5% to 40% of copolymerized acrylamide or a monoethylenic derivative thereof, preferably isobutoxymethyl acrylamide. A proportion of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is preferably included in the copolymer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing flame and abuse resistant fiber panels by treating the surface of water-laid fiber mats with an aqeuous slurry of sodium silicate and calicum carbonate and drying the mats is disclosed. The slurry is applied to the wet mat after wet pressing and before drying while the mat still contains considerable moisture content. The resulting products present a hard, abuse resistant, flame resistant and water resistant surface.

Abstract: A coated paper having a high paper gloss and a surface strength sufficient enough for practical purposes is obtained by coating a base paper sheet with an aqueous coating composition comprising a paper-coating pigment and a latex of styrene-butadiene copolymer or modified styrene-butadiene copolymer, the styrene block of which includes 8 to 40 monomeric units, drying the wet coated sheet, and subjecting the coated side to hot calendering treatment.

Abstract: Fibrous material is provided comprising cellulose fibers and mineral wool fibers in a weight ratio within the range from about 3:7 to about 10:1, impregnated with an amount of a water-soluble polyoxyalkylene ether alcohol sufficient to impart dimensional stability thereto and having the formula:R.sub.1 [--O--(C.sub.n.sbsb.1 H.sub.2n.sbsb.1 --O).sub.x --C.sub.n.sbsb.2 H.sub.2n.sbsb.2 --OH].sub.mwherein:R.sub.1 is hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon substituted with secondary hydroxyl groups and free from primary hydroxyl groups and having from one to about twenty-four carbon atoms;m is a number within the range from 1 to about 6;n.sub.1 is a number within the range from about 2 to about 4;n.sub.2 is a number within the range from 3 to 4; and--C.sub.n.sbsb.2 H.sub.2n.sbsb.

Abstract: Electrically conductive paper is coated with an insulating coating to provide improved electrographic properties using a solvent-soluble copolymer comprising from 5% to 40% of copolymerized acrylamide or a monoethylenic derivative thereof. The coating is preferably pigmented with calcium carbonate, and the presence of the copolymerized acrylamide allows an increase in the pigment to binder ratio into the range of from 2:1 to 6:1.

Abstract: A diaphragm for a speaker obtained by forming a diaphragm base by screen processing a mixture of carbon fiber, pulp and polyvinyl alcohol fiber as a binder in a manner similar to that employed for making paper, depositing a thermosetting resin on the diaphragm base by impregnation or coating, and subjecting the diaphragm base, on which the thermosetting resin has been deposited, to electroless plating to deposit a metal film in the interstices between fibers and on the entire fiber surface.

Abstract: The present invention resides broadly in a method for the preparation of paper having improved water and/or solvent resistance which comprises applying to a base paper a plastic particle containing formulation, and then wetting the formed coating with a solvent to which the plastic particles are sensitive. The present invention is particularly applicable to the preparation of electrostatic paper masters of improved water resistance for lithographic printing having a photoconductive layer and a barrier coat to which the photoconductive layer is applied. The barrier coat contains a binding amount of a binder resin and filler at least a portion of which is an amount of said plastic particles sensitive to the solvent system of the photoconductive layer, the amount of plastic particles and sensitivity being sufficient to materially increase water resistance.

Abstract: The present invention resides broadly in a method for the preparation of paper having improved water and/or solvent resistance which comprises applying to a base paper a plastic particle containing formulation, and then wetting the formed coating with a solvent to which the plastic particles are sensitive. The present invention is particularly applicable to the preparation of electrostatic paper masters of improved water resistance for lithographic printing having a photoconductive layer and a barrier coat to which the photoconductive layer is applied. The barrier coat contains a binding amount of a binder resin and filler at least a portion of which is an amount of said plastic particles sensitive to the solvent system of the photoconductive layer, the amount of plastic particles and sensitivity being sufficient to materially increase water resistance.

Abstract: A mica-filled glass fiber sheet which is smooth, of relatively low porosity, and dimensionally stable is described as is its method of manufacture. The sheet is prepared from a low-consistency aqueous slurry wherein the solids consist essentially of glass fibers, organic fibers, mica, and binder. Based on 100 parts by weight glass fibers, 3 to 15 parts by weight organic fibers, 30 to 100 parts by weight mica flakes, and 5 to 20 parts by weight organic binder are added to the water in preparing the furnish. In forming the sheet, this slurry or furnish is deposited onto a moving screen, the excess water is removed, and the wet laid sheet is dried and the binder set. In a subsequent operation, the sheet is saturated with a resin solution or latex.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hardboard with a smooth, highly-consolidated, dense surface and a method for making it. The method of this invention greatly reduces the need for surface sanding after molding because release from the molding caul is improved and results in a product having a surface more free of defects. According to a preferred embodiment, a dry mat of wood particles is sprayed with from 8 to 30 grams per square foot of a surface coating of a consolidating agent comprising from 50 to 95% water, from 4 to 25% ethylene glycol and from 1 to 25% polyvinyl acetate, prior to pressing at elevated temperature. These percentages are based on the weight of the consolidating agent. The preferred products will have at least one highly-consolidated, smooth surface layer which comprises from 0.5 to 4 grams of polyhydric alcohol and from 0.5 to 4 grams of polyvinyl acetate per square foot of surface.

Abstract: A non-woven glass fiber-containing sheet composed of a top layer of a mixture of glass fiber with other fiber and a back layer of a mixture of fiber other than glass fiber with polyvinyl chloride fiber or polyvinyl chloride latex flocculate is a suitable substrate for processing it into flooring, walling, roofing, etc. by impregnating it with a polyvinyl chloride sol to strengthen the sheet without exudation of the sol onto the back layer surface.

Abstract: A rotating separator removes air coating from pigmented paper coating liquid stock. The separator employs a cylindrical tank which is mounted for rotation about a vertical axis. The separator is operated in a filled condition and an air laden or froth fraction is removed from a radially central region of the tank at the top of the tank, while a non-rotating pickup receives air free coating from a region adjacent the wall of the tank near the tank bottom. A method of treating and applying such a coating includes the steps of pumping an air laden coating into a centrifugal separator while maintaining the separator in a filled condition, removing an air froth from the separator for return to the supply tank, and delivering a substantially air free coating directly to the inlet of a control without the imposition of any intermediate pumping apparatus. The centrifugal pumping action of the separator supplements the pressure head on the coating material.

Abstract: A premoistened wiper having high initial wet strength in a wetting liquid, and lower wet strength when immersed in substantially neutral water to allow for flushability. The wiper includes a nonwoven web of fibrous material which is bonded together by a polymeric adhesive binder, with the bonded web being moistened until the time of use by a wetting liquid having an acid pH level which is safe for external use on the human body. The binder is composed of a material which is highly adhesive in an acid pH liquid to bind the fibers of the web together, and which is further resistant to weakening over the relatively long periods of shelf life of the wiper. However, the binder loses its binding strength in substantially neutral or alkaline flush water to allow for flushability. The bonded wiper is maintained with wetting liquid thereon within a moisture sealed container until the time of use, and readily loses strength and disintegrates when disposed of in the substantially neutral water of a sewer system.

Abstract: A filter medium particularly adapted for use in an oil filter for an internal combustion engine having a water-laid web of fibers, at least 70% of which are cellulose, impregnated with resin in a pattern at its wire side to a depth of 15 to 45% of its total thickness, the pattern having zones free from resin amounting to 35 to 60% of the total area of the wire side, each zone having at least one dimension no greater than 4 mm.

Abstract: Paper and paperboard made of felted cellulose fibers are chemically modified by applying to them an isopropenyl ester containing a catalytic amount of an acid catalyst and then heat curing the treated product. The process imparts water repellancy to the paper products with a very low degree of add-on, but with a very high degree of retention of tensile strength. The products also have excellent printability, are resistant to boiling water, and retain their opacity after exposure to water.

Abstract: Cellulosic substrates containing a cationic resinous composition comprising reaction products of (A) adducts of certain dihaloalkanes and alkylene diamine and (B) certain epihalohydrins to increase wet strength.

Abstract: A composition for the treatment of paper which improves the wet strength of paper is provided. This composition contains(a) a water-soluble mono- or binuclear hydantoin compound containing glycidyl groups, and(b) a water-soluble amine with at least two active amine hydrogen atoms, e.g. an aliphatic polyamine, as curing agent.Also a process for the treatment, preferably the surface treatment of paper with the above composition is provided.

Abstract: A composition for the treatment of paper which improves the wet strength of paper is provided. This composition contains(a) a water-soluble mono- or binuclear hydantoin compound containing glycidyl groups, and(b) a water-soluble copolymer of maleic acid or of one of its derivatives such as maleic anhydride and of a further ethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable comonomer with 2 to 20 carbon atoms such as vinyl methyl ether, dec-1-ene, styrene and/or ethylene or a water-soluble salt of such a copolymer.Also a process for the treatment, preferably the surface treatment of paper with the above composition is provided.

Abstract: A nonwoven, self-sustaining, absorbent fabric comprising a batt of randomly arranged, intermingled cellulosic fibers has a plurality of high loft, loosely compacted regions separated from each other by highly compressed regions. An adhesive material penetrates through the compressed regions to form bonded fiber networks extending completely through the batt, and said adhesive material only partially penetrates through said high loft regions whereby the fibers in the interiors of said high loft regions are unbonded by said adhesive so that said regions are highly absorbent. A method of manufacturing the above-described nonwoven fabric by moistening opposed surfaces of a loosely compacted, randomly oriented cellulosic fiber batt, embossing said moistened batt for providing a pattern in said surfaces, applying an adhesive to the patterned surfaces of the batt and setting said adhesive.

Abstract: In a process for the manufacture of a lithographic printing plate having a paper base and a lithographic printing surface thereon comprising a resinous coating, lower coat weights leading to high coating speeds can be obtained by first smoothing the base to not substantially greater than about 150 Sheffield units, then size-pressing onto the smooth base either a barrier coat for the lithographic printing surface or a single coat comprising said lithographic printing surface.

Abstract: A carbon fiber paper is obtained from a mixture of carbon fibers, pulp, organic fibers having a carbon yield of not less than 20% and a paper sheet binder in relative amounts such that the ratio of the carbon fibers to the pulp falls in the range of 40 - 90% by weight of carbon fibers to 60 - 10% by weight of pulp, the ratio of the organic fibers to the combined weight of said carbon fibers and pulp falls in the range of from 5 to 20% by weight and the ratio of the paper sheet binder to the combined weight of said carbon fibers, pulp and organic fibers falls in the range of from 5 to 50% by weight. The resultant mixture is shaped into the form of sheet to produce a mixed paper sheet, impregnated with an organic high molecular substance and baked to carbonize at a temperature of not less than 800.degree. C in an atmosphere of an inert gas.

Abstract: A composition board consisting essentially of a resin binder in the amount of between about 10 and 45 percent by weight and filler materials in the amount of between about 90 and 55 percent by weight and having a cross section of varying depth formed as a result of differentially compacting a dry blank to a thickness which is between about 30 and 70 percent of the original thickness at an average pressure of between about 600 psi and 1500 psi at an elevated temperature which is between about 275.degree. F. and 350.degree. F. so as to cause portions which were compacted to a greater degree to exhibit a darker color than portions which were compacted to a lesser degree to thereby produce a tonal effect on said composition board.

Abstract: A diaphragm is disclosed for electrolytic cells, for example, chlor-alkali cells. The diaphragm is characterized in that it has been treated with a water-soluble silicate on the anolyte side. Also disclosed is an electrolytic cell process using such a diaphragm, and a method for preparing such a diaphragm.