Abstract: A water absorbent cross-linked, carboxyalkylated cellulose-containing material is produced by impregnating a cellulose-containing material with an aqueous reaction solution including a carboxyalkylating agent, an alkali metal hydroxide, and a cross-linking agent dissolved in water in an initial content of 50 to 90% by weight, the molar ratio of the carboxylating agent to glucose groups of cellulose being 0.7 to 2.0; adjusting the water content of the aqueous reaction solution impregnated in the cellulose-containing material to 20 to 60% by weight and of at least 5% by weight below the initial water content by evaporating a portion of water; and subjecting the water content-adjusted cellulose-containing material to a simultaneous cross-linking and carboxylating reaction procedure at 50.degree. to 110.degree. C., while maintaining the water content at 20 to 60% and of at least 5% by weight below the initial water content.

Abstract: Heat-treated-in-air high lignin content cellulosic fibers which are free of moieties from crosslinking agents, for use in absorbent structures, are prepared by fluffing high lignin content fibers at a consistency of at least 40%, and heating in air at atmospheric pressure at a temperature ranging from 120.degree. C. to 280.degree. C. fluffed fiber water admixture having a consistency of at least 60% or moisture-free fluffed fibers, to remove any moisture content and heat treat the resulting moisture-free high lignin content fibers for at least 5 seconds, or by heating a sheet of dry (0-40% moisture content) high lignin content fibers utilizing these same heating conditions and then fluffing.

Abstract: A suspension of bacterial cellulose having a reticulated structure has been conditioned to remain in suspension when the suspension is under shear so that it may be coated on a substrate. The suspension of bacterial cellulose is homogenized and thereafter filtered to provide a bacterial cellulose component having a size no greater than 125 microns. This allows a process for applying bacterial cellulose as a coating on a substrate on a substantially continuous basis, either by roll coating or spraying. It also provides a coated product in which the bacterial cellulose is substantially uniform, taking into account the normal discontinuities of roll coating and spray coating.

Abstract: A water-resistant, fiberboard for use in making panels and tiles for building construction is disclosed. The fiberboard contains primary components which include mineral fiber, low density, nonfibrous inorganic filler and organic fiber. The fiberboard includes about 0.1-2 wt % of silicone fluid, preferably polymethylhydrogensiloxane, which improves water resistance without adversely affecting other physical properties.

Abstract: A pulp furnish containing predominantly wood-containing fibers (mechanical) and natural calcium carbonate as a filler is formed into a paper in a paper forming section of a paper machine at a neutral pH in the range of 6.7 to 7.5. Bentonite plus a suitable polymer such as a polyacrylamide produces a pulp stock that has exceptionally high drainage characteristics particularly when used with chalk as the filler. The pH of the stock in the headbox is maintained at the desired level of pH 6.7-7.3 by monitoring the pH in the headbox and adjusting the flow of pH reducing and buffering agent, preferably phosphoric acid, into the pulp prior to the headbox to obtain the desired pH in the stock.

Abstract: Multi-ply facial tissue paper products comprising biodegradable chemical softener compositions and a combination of a wet strength binder, either permanent and/or temporary, and a dry strength binder is disclosed.The multi-ply facial tissue paper products contain a biodegradable chemical softening composition comprising a mixture of a biodegradable quaternary ammonium compound and a polyhydroxy compound. The multi-ply facial tissue paper products also contain an effective amount of a wet strength binder, either permanent and/or temporary, and a dry strength binder to control linting and/or to offset the loss in tensile strength, if any, resulting from the use of the biodegradable chemical softening compositions. The use of both wet strength binder, either permanent and/or temporary, and dry strength binder also improves the retention of the chemical softening composition in the sheet.

Abstract: A sheet material, typically paper or cardboard, contains a natural, chemically untreated fibrous material and a secondary long-staple fiber material in a weight ratio comprised between (50-90):(10-50). It further contains fiber fines, at least one retention agent for these fines and at least one sheet strength improving agent. The sheet may be manufactured on paper making machines after preparing a mash from the components listed above and refining. The sheet material is intended to replace paper or cardboard normally made from chemically treated, expensive raw materials.

Abstract: Multicolor printing on a high speed web-fed press with cold-set ink increases production efficiency over that of a press with dryers. For this purpose, newsprint is used because of its good oil absorptiveness, however, the printing quality is not satisfactory. A coating including needle form pigments, the average oil absorptiveness of which is more than 65 cc/100 g, was applied on the base paper, and coated paper for the high speed press was produced.

Abstract: The present invention reduces the normally marked yellowing of paper which is at least partially based on lignin-containing pulps.The invention relates to paper produced from fibre material and other paper ingredients in the form of at least one chemical. The fibre material at least partially consists of pulp that contains lignin in an amount exceeding 0.5 percent by weight, and is characterized in that the paper includesa) an acid and/or a corresponding salt of the general formula (the acid form) ##STR1## whereR.sub.1 =--CHOHCH.sub.2 OH or --CHOHCOOHin an amount of at least 0.05 percent by weight, calculated on the fibre material; andb) a reduction agent in an amount of at least 0.05 percent by weight, calculated on the fibre material.

Abstract: Composition board and various other synthetic or artificial panel and the like structures a well as manually-formable compositions of paste-like consistency for substitution as putty, caulking or molding clays, etc., all of which can be internally reinforced for better-strength structural purposes, are fabricated and made into desired strong and excellently-utile shaped article products of manufacture and the like under various forming conditions for the purpose from coarse paper starting material (viz, common "newsprint", kraft paper, cardboards, etc.) which starting material may optionally have "wet" sawdust and/or other undried cellulosic inclusions therein all of which, advantageously and economically, is converted by treatment thereof with certain non-azotizing, non-alklai, nascently-operative and -reacting strong oxidizing agents including such things as common household bleach (i.e.

Abstract: The invention relates to a product easy to disintegrate, containing cellulose-containing fiber material, which has such a strength, that it can be reeled up or handled in sheet shape for storage and transport, without the addition of chemicals, which increase the bonding strength between the fibers. The product is characterized in that it has a density of 550-1000 kg/m.sup.3, a bursting index of 0.15-0.50 MN/kg and a grammage of 300-1500 gm.sup.2, and that the product has a dry solids content of 70-95%.

Abstract: A process for reducing the density, increasing the bulk, the hand and the porosity of a sheet material containing fibers by use of a vegetable filler, wherein a pulverulant vegetable filler of density less than 500 kg/m.sup.3 is introduced into the fibrous mass during the manufacture of the material. At least 95% by weight of the particles of the vegetable filler are less than 150 micrometers in size and at least 80% by weight of the particles of vegetable filler are greater than 10 micrometers in size. The process is particularly useful for obtaining paper and cardboard of low density with improved hand (or bulk) and porosity. It is also attractive since it reduces the cost prices and enhances the thermal and acoustic insulation properties.

Abstract: A screening system incorporated into the system of sawdust collection for paper producing pulp. An upper and lower range of the sawdust particles is designated as between smaller, strength-inhibiting size particles and larger strength-enhancing size particles. A screen is provided to screen out the smaller size particles. The screen is made out of stainless steel to avoid rusting and corroding and also to more readily pass the moistened smaller size particles. The screen is sloped and agitated to induce shuffling of the sawdust mixture, the process of which results in a separation of about 50% of the particles as rejected smaller size particles and 50% as acceptable larger size particles desirable for paper producing pulp.

Abstract: A multilayered structural article having improved resistance to delamination and having a reduced coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) relative to that of the thermoplastic resin(s) employed in its preparation comprises a core layer of a highly filled composite paper having outer layers of thermoplastic resin adhered thereto.

Abstract: A hydroentangled nonwoven fabric containing ribbon shaped staple synthetic fibers having a crenulated cross-section and formed from a wet-laid web containing such crenulated fibers, preferably a blend thereof with short natural fibers, such as wood fibers. The use of a wet-laid web containing such crenulated synthetic fibers enables optimal interaction with the hydroentanglement jets of water, and a reduced level of hydroentanglement energy is required to achieve the desired performance characteristics in the fabric.

Abstract: A delaminated stratified paper towel includes a dense first layer of chemical fiber blend and a second layer of a bulky anfractuous fiber blend unitary with the first layer. The first and second layers enhance a rate of absorption and water holding capacity of the paper towel. In a preferred embodiment, the second layer is a fiber blend having a high bulk softwood fiber and a chemi-thermomechanical pulp. A method of forming a delaminated stratified web of paper towel material includes supplying a first furnish directly to a wire and supplying a second furnish of a bulky anfractuous fiber blend directly onto the first furnish disposed on the wire. Drying the first and second furnishes forms a web of paper towel material having a predetermined dryness. The web of paper towel material is thereafter creped off of the drying device and embossed to a predetermined emboss depth. The web of paper towel material has an enhanced rate of absorption and water holding capacity.

Abstract: A sheet having substantially all of the qualities of liner board is formed solely from mechanical pulp using two different stocks to form discrete layers, one of the layers being preferably at least 50% coarse chemi-mechanical pulp and at least one surface layer being preferably of a chemi-mechanical fine pulp. Preferably the coarse layer will be a chemi-thermo-mechanical Douglas Fir pulp and the fine pulp will be a chemi-thermo-mechanical Western red cedar pulp.

Abstract: Economical manufacturing of wood powder-molded products becomes possible with the introduction of wood pulp as the binding agent to be used in combination with water. The molded products feature not only high moisture absorbing capability and a unique natural touch of hybrid between wood and paper, but easy and convenient disposability after use. The product can be molded into any shape, but the method would be more suitable for manufacturing small-size pellet products form the practical standpoint to perform drying (dehydration) process. This invention enables to utilize wood powder resources including sawdust, which is currently disposed of in a huge amount as the industrial waste, all over the world.

Abstract: An electrically conductive medium or high density lignocellulose particle board useful in the manufacture of flooring, wall paneling, and furniture functioning to establish static-free environments for the manufacture and operation of microcomputers and related equipment and protection from static electrical discharge problems generally. The particle boards comprise dry-formed, hot-consolidated mixtures of______________________________________ finely divided, electrically conductive carbon particles 0.2-5 particle board adhesive 1.5-15 lignocellulosic particles balance ______________________________________In this composition the carbon particles are characterized by having specific surface areas of at least 20 square meters per gram. The lignocellulose particles comprise lignocellulose chips and flakes having width to length ratios within the range of from 1--1 to 1-20, and lignocellulose strands having width to length ratios within the range of from 1--1 to 1-40 and minimum widths of one millimeter.

Abstract: Tissue products, such as facial and bath tissue, are provided with improved softwood and opacity by making the products from a furnish containing fibers of a lower coarseness created by splitting the fibers in the lengthwise direction.

Abstract: A fibrous web product with a surface treatment containing bacterial cellulose and a method of surface treating such fibrous webs. The bacterial cellulose is applied to at least one surface of a fibrous web, to make products such as printing material suitable for magazines or advertisements, by use of conventional paper manufacturing equipment. The bacterial cellulose may be applied singularly or in combination with other materials such as fillers or pigments. Bacterial cellulose applied at relatively low concentrations gives excellent properties of gloss, smoothness, ink receptivity and holdout, and surfaces strength.

Abstract: A process for preparing linerboards from blends of Kraft chemical pulp with a Kraft high yield pulp comprises forming the pulp blend into sheets, pressing the sheets to a specific solids content and subsequently pressing at a press impulse of at least 7.5 psig-second. The linerboards have the same crush strength as those prepared from Kraft chemical pulps.

Abstract: Both the wet strength and the folding endurance of SCMP and sulfite paperboard are improved by subjecting the board to steps of densification and high temperature treatment during its production.

Abstract: The present invention concerns our discovery that aqueous cellulosic slurries comprising primary binder, newsprint, sulfite pulp, and vegetable shell flour can be prepared and formed as desired into various configurations. The materials thus formed are usable for a variety of purposes including furniture, paneling and flooring structures.

Abstract: Non-asbestos flexible sheet material suitable for use in the manufacture of spiral wound gaskets is made by dewatering on a water-permeable conveyor a layer of aqueous slurry and compressing and drying the dewatered layer, the aqueous slurry employed being one that contains the following ingredients in the following proportions by dry weight:china clay 20-50%mica or chlorite 20-50%graphite 10-40%cellulose fibres 2-10%vitreous fibre in wool form 2-10%synthetic organic polymer binder 2-10%.

Abstract: Non-asbestos flexible sheet material suitable for use in gaskets for the exhaust manifold of an internal combustion engine is made by dewatering on a water-permeable conveyor a layer of aqueous slurry and compressing and drying the dewatered layer, the aqueous slurry employed being one that contains the following ingredients in the following proportions by dry weight:ball clay: 25-44%non-fibrous layer silicate: 25-40%graphite: 10-30%cellulose fibres: 3-15%synthetic rubber: 1-10%starch: 1-5%.

Abstract: Non-asbestos flexible sheet material suitable for use in gaskets for the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine is made by dewatering on a water-permeable conveyor a layer of aqueous slurry and compressing and drying the dewatered layer, the aqueous slurry employed being one that contains the following ingredients in the following proportions by dry weight:______________________________________ ball clay 25-44% calcium silicate of high specific 15-40% surface area cellulose fibres 3-15% organic polymer binder 5-15% fibrillated poly (aromatic amide) 1-15% fibres ______________________________________

Abstract: Polymer, co-polymer and/or elastomer containing paper is manufactured for a wide variety of end uses. The paper is remarkably homogeneous and retains its porosity even when it contains large quantities of polymer, co-polymer or elastomer. The latex and the fibrous slurry are mixed at the wet end in conjunction with a polyelectrolyte bridging agent, the bridging agent having a cationic charge and the latex and fibrous material having an anionic charge. In this way, the latex particles in their substantially original size become linked with the fibrous material by means of the intermediate bridging agent and without the latex undergoing any substantially coagulation or precipitation.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the manufacture of high bulk paper, or a high bulk layer of a multi-layered paper, which uses a mixture of fully hydrated paper making fibres and substantially unhydrated fibres. The unhydrated fibres may be mixed with the conventional slurry of hydrated fibres shortly before the head box. The web may be dried primarily by pressing, with the unhydrated fibres remaining relatively unhydrated throughout the process and ensuring a bulky product; through-driers need not be used. The invention also covers the novel product of this process.

Abstract: Disclosed is absorbent material composed of a consolidated blend of spurted polyolefin pulp, treated with an anionic or nonionic wetting agent substance having a molecular weight less than about 8000, and wood fluff pulp. The absorbent material exhibits a desirable combination of strength, rate of absorbency and total absorbency.

Abstract: The disclosure related in part to a novel and highly superior high bulk pulp formed of lignin-containing fibers, and to process conditions for manufacture of the pulp. The process involves selection of a lignin-containing fiber source, having a lignin content of at least about 10%, and thermomechanically pulping the fiber source under temperature/pressure conditions of 300.degree. F.-350.degree. F./50 psig-120 psig and a refiner energy utilization of about 8-35 HPT/ADT, using a double disc, counter rotating disc refiner. The thermomechanically produced fibers are characterized by a high degree of stiffness, and an extremely smooth surface, free of fine fibril formation and thus substantially non-self-bonding. The new pulp has a wide variety of specialty uses which are attractive in terms of both economics and technical performance, because of the exceptionally high bulk and other distinctive characteristics of the fiber.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a novel and highly superior filter media formed of random-laid, lignin-containing fibers, and to a process for manufacture of the filter media. The process involves selection of lignin-containing fiber source, having a lignin content of at least about 10% and thermomechanically pulping the fiber source under temperature/pressure conditions of 300.degree. F.-350.degree. F./50 psig-120 psig and a refiner energy utilization of about 8-35 HPD/ADT. The thermomechanically produced fibers are characterized by a high degree of stiffness, and an extremely smooth surface free of fine fibril formation and thus substantially non-self-bonding. An improved filter media is formed by a random lay-up of the lignin-containing fibers, typically with selected other pulp fibers having technical characteristics suitable for filter media utilization.

Abstract: The production of hardboard by the wet press process is speeded up by the incorporation of finely divided fibers in an aqueous slurry of otherwise fast draining wood fibers and a thermosetting binder so that a barrier of said fine fibers is formed during hot pressing of the mat and steam pressure is built up in the mat. The high pressure permits a curing temperature of from about 300.degree. F. to about 350.degree. F. in the core of the mat and a concomitant acceleration of the cure of the binder.

Abstract: A sheet type forming board for use in heat forming processes without the need for pre-soaking or pre-steaming required of prior hardboard materials. The forming board sheet has at least one layer containing cellulose fibers, a polyolefin, and an inorganic filler. Its moisture content is preferably 4-12%. A multi-layered sheet, wherein plys are joined together, is typically used to achieve the desired thickness and composite sheet composition. The formed products are light weight and have a number of desirable advantages, including rigidity, embossing and graining fidelity, and dielectric processability.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for producing a novel, surface-coated, unsize-pressed cellulosic sheet, the cellulosic substrate thereof including at least 25% by weight of cedar fibers. The coating is maintained on or above the surface of the cellulosic substrate so that an optimum hold-out ratio of surface-coating-weight to surface-coating-thickness is maintained.

Abstract: Fibrous structures in sheet form having from 10% to 90% by weight of pulp of cellulosic fibers cross-linked with formaldehyde, the predominant cross-linking being at the surface area of said fibers and in an amount sufficient to impart flexibility and softness to said fibers while retaining high water absorptivity, and 90% to 10% by weight of an additional binding product with the amount of the additional binding product being selected to ensure sufficient strength and cohesion to the structure of the sheet. The inclusion of the cellulosic fibers wherein the predominant amount of cross-linking is at the surface area of the fibers imparts excellent water absorptiveness to the fibrous structure and, in addition, provides good flexibility and touch and feel properties to the product.

Abstract: This invention relates to fiber blends, yarns and fabrics for use in lightweight garments offering protection against brief exposure to extreme thermal fluxes, the fiber blend comprising a component that fuses within 10 seconds upon exposure to a heat flux of 2 cal./cm..sup.2 /sec. and a component that in fabric form exhibits a flame strength of at least 20 mg. per denier for at least 10 seconds during exposure to a heat flux of 2 cal./cm..sup.2 /sec.

Abstract: Process and apparatus are provided for the preparation of improved high-yield cellulose pulps, such as semichemical, chemimechanical, thermomechanical, and mechanical pulps, which comprises mechanically defibrating a mixture of particulate lignocellulosic materials which have been partially pulped and softened to different extents. Part of the raw lignocellulosic material is particulate form is washed, moistened with steam, impregnated with pulping chemicals and pulped to a yield of from about 65 to about 92%. Another part is treated in similar manner but either not pulped at all or, if pulped, pulped to a lesser extent. The two parts are mixed without intermediate washing, after which the mixture is subjected to a vapor phase pulping by heating to a temperature within the range from about 90 to about 200.degree. C. under pressure to obtain softening of the lignin, and delignification, after which the resulting product is mechanically defibrated to form cellulose pulp.

Abstract: A high-strength, high-yield sulfite-modified thermomechanical pulp is formed by subjecting lignocellulose to multistage mechanical attrition, the first stage being conducted at elevated temperature and pressure and the second stage being run under atmospheric conditions. A sulfite chemical is added to the lignocellulose prior to the second stage, the lignocellulose being sulfonated so that a percent bound sulfur level of at least about 0.15% is provided. A novel linerboard composition is unexpectedly produced employing replacement quantities of the above described pulp.

Abstract: Soft, absorbent, bulky paper web useful in tissue, towel, sanitary, and like products. The web is formed by supplying an aqueous furnish which includes thermomechanically defibrated pulp in admixture with chemically defibrated pulp to a foraminous surface such as a Fourdrinier wire, transferring the moist web to an imprinting fabric, thermally drying the web without mechanical compression to a consistency of from about 30 percent to about 98 percent, imprinting the pattern of the fabric into the thermally predried web, and finally drying the web. The resulting web has relatively high tensile strength at relatively low density. Also, the strength properties of the web are significantly improved if the thermomechanically defibrated pulp is made from wood chips which have been soaked in chemical solutions prior to defibrating and then treated with ozone after defibrating.

Abstract: Improved fluffed pulp consisting of 95 to 25 percent by weight groundwood and 5 to 75 percent by weight chemical pulp, with a liquid retention capacity of at least 6.5 gram liquid per gram pulp, a liquid dispersing capacity of at least 2.5 gram liquid per gram pulp per minute, a bulk of at least 18 cm.sup.3 /gram and a web strength of at least 0.2 Newton, and a method of producing said pulp by mixing 95 to 25 percent by weight groundwood and 5 to 75 percent by weight chemical pulp beaten in a wet state with each other, dewatering mechanically to a dry solids content of 40 to 50 percent by weight, coarse-defibrating, drying in a flash drying step to 60 to 85 percent by weight, finish-defibrating and finish-drying to 80 to 95 percent by weight dry solids content.

Abstract: Fire retardant reconstituted cellulosic products are produced having fire retardancy substantially equal to conventional fire retardant products by impregnation of a portion of bark with a fire retardant and mixing said impregnated bark portion with another portion of bark which is untreated with a fire retardant. Additionally, a portion of wood chips is impregnated with a fire retardant and mixed with another portion of wood chips untreated with a fire retardant. Subsequently, the combined portions of bark and wood chips are formed into a three layer composite particleboard, having a bark core and wood chip surface, by pressing and heating.