Abstract: The washing efficiency of removal of cooking and bleaching chemicals from cellulose paper pulp on horizontal belt washing filters is improved by disrupting the filter mat adjacent the belt intermediately of soft, displacement wash liquor applications to the filter mat topside. The objective may be achieved by directing a line of low volume, high pressure jets of filtrate or wash liquor against the belt underside. Alternatively, sonicly vibrated foils extended transversely of and adjacent to the belt are effective to disrupt the filler mat pursuant to the invention objective.

Abstract: Apparatus for spark perforation of sheet material comprising spaced apart first and second electrodes which define between them a sparking zone through which sheet material to be perforated can be moved in a predetermined direction, and in which the portion of the first electrode which is nearest to the nearest portion of the second electrode is located between an overlap position upstream of the second electrode in the direction of movement of the sheet by a distance of 1 mm and an offset position also equal to 1 mm in the direction of movement of the sheet, and means for guiding the sheet through the sparking zone along a path closer to said second electrode than said first electrode.

Abstract: An aromatic polyamide paper-like sheet having excellent heat- and chemical- resistances and electric insulating properties, comprises an artificial pulp ingredient comprising a number of amorphous pulp particles consisting of an aromatic polyamide material, and a fiber ingredient consisting of a number of short fibers bonded to each other with the amorphous pulp particles, the ratio in weight of the artificial pulp ingredient to the fiber ingredient being in a range of from 1:9 to 9:1 and the aromatic polyamide molecules contained at least in the amorphous pulp particles being cross-linked with a cross-linking agent.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for insulating wires with pulp are disclosed wherein wires embedded in pulp ribbons supported upon an endless transfer belt are passed through radio-frequency electromagnetic fields generated by oscillators tuned to resonate at a high voltage level whenever a wire is not present and thereby energize a wire break alarm.

Abstract: Ultrasonic frequency sensor/radiators (hereinafter, radiators) are arranged in the vicinity of a material to be treated, on opposite sides of such material, opposite each other. In one embodiment, longitudinal acoustic vibrations are fed to the radiators at the same frequency and the phase difference of the vibrations fed to the different radiators is varied. In another embodiment, the vibrations are fed to the radiators at different frequencies f.sub.1 and f.sub.2 and the frequency difference .DELTA.f of the frequencies, where .DELTA.f=f.sub.1 -f.sub.2, is varied. In each embodiment the most intensive area of the field of vibration combinations in the material to be treated is focused by the radiators in a manner whereby it has an effect upon a desired area of the material.

Abstract: A method for forming a multilayer jet by delivering a plurality of superposed, spaced apart jets of stock through a slice opening towards a web forming zone, keeping the jets separated for part of the distance between the slice opening and the forming zone, and thereafter, but not later than the arrival of the jets at the forming zone, allowing the jets to come into direct contact to produce a stratified jet. Separation of the jets in this fashion is effected by forming and maintaining gaseous wedges in the spaces between them after delivery through the slice opening.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for forming a layer of material against one side of a movable conveyor from a slurry of a liquid and material by an electrostatic action, the improvement wherein a plurality of needle-like projections are disposed in the slurry to assist the electrostatic action in forming the layer of material from the slurry against the conveyor and the projections are always completely projected through the layer as the layer is being formed against the one side of the conveyor to the desired thickness thereof.

Abstract: When a suspension is exposed to a field of ultrasound, a voltage can be tapped from two electrodes whose distance apart is an odd multiple of half ultrasonic wavelengths, and this voltage can be used as a controlling factor for the addition of, preferably, retention and flocculating agents to the suspension. The process is particularly suitable for fibre suspensions for the purpose of monitoring the starting process in paper machines and for rapid operating control.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a sheet containing mineral fibers and binder. An aqueous suspension containing fibers and binder is formed into a layer. The layer is de-watered to form a wet sheet. Additional binder is applied evenly to the entire surface of the de-watered sheet. The sheet is then dried. The sheet may be compressed to an extent of 20% during drying.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a layer of material against a movable conveyor from a slurry of a liquid and material by an electrostatic action so that the layer of material can be subsequently removed in layer form from the conveyor and including a plurality of needle-like projections disposed in the slurry to assist the electrostatic action in forming the layer of material from the slurry against the conveyor.

Abstract: An electrophotographic recording element having a paper carrier, in which the paper carrier has been rendered slightly electrically conductive by being subject to a dose of ionizing radiation of from 10.sup.4 to 10.sup.8 rads.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a layer of material by removing liquid from liquid bearing material of the liquid absorbing type by electrostatic action, the method and apparatus including a plurality of needle-like projections being disposed to extend at least partially through the material to assist the electrostatic action in removing liquid from the material during the forming of the layer from the material.

Abstract: A method for electroimpregnation of paper and non-woven fabrics is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of forming an aqueous solution containing about 1-30% of an ionic material having a specific conductance lower than 0.003 mhos cm.sup.-1, in a bath provided with cathode and anode electrodes submerged in the solution, introducing a sheet of paper or non-woven fabric having a predetermined degree of porosity into the bath in contact with the cathode or anode electrode, dependent on the polarity of the ionic material, and applying a predetermined DC voltage to the electrodes so as to cause the ions of such material to impregnate the paper or non-woven fabric when such ions move toward one or the other of the electrodes and deposit within the paper or non-woven fabric as partially or totally associated molecules. The ionic material may advantageously be a polymeric material to improve the clarity, dielectric strength and moisture absorption resistance characteristics of the paper or non-woven fabric.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making a patterned non-woven sheet by providing a slurry of fluid and fibers and forming the slurry into a sheet-like form. An electrostatic field action is provided that acts on the sheet-like form and causes the fibers to be arranged into a predetermined pattern whereby said patterned non-woven sheet is electrostatically formed.

Abstract: A method and a system for preventing the accumulation of polarized foreign particles on a support surface of support elements positioned in contact with a moving fabric in a paper making machine. An electrically conductive fabric support surface of a support element is charged with an electrical charge of like polarity to the polarized foreign particles whereby the polarized foreign particles will be repelled from the support surface.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing liquid by electrostatic action from liquid bearing material of the liquid absorbing type, the method and apparatus including a plurality of needle-like projections being disposed to extend completely through the material to assist the electrostatic action in removing liquid from the material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making a non-woven sheet by providing a slurry of liquid and fibers and forming the slurry into a sheet-like form by flowing said slurry against and between two spaced apart surfaces. An electrostatic field action is provided that acts on the sheet-like form between said two surfaces and causes at least part of the fibers to be arranged into a sheet means adjacent one of the non-conductive surfaces and at least part of the liquid to be arranged adjacent the other surface. The other surface is pervious and the electrostatic field action causes the liquid to be drawn into the pervious surface at a controlled rate. The one surface has needle-like projections projecting at least partially into the sheet-like form to assist the electrostatic field action in forming the sheet means adjacent that one surface.

Abstract: An insulative material comprises a random network of ceramic fibers and a binder for holding the fibers together. In addition, it may include a filler material composed of hollow ceramic spheres which locate at the interstices of the fibrous network and increase the strength of the network. The insulative material can withstand extremely high temperatures and thermal shock without degradation, has an extremely low density, has excellent insulating properties, and has reasonably high compressive strength. The material is formed by making a slurry which contains the ceramic fibers, with or without the filler, and the binder; felting the slurry; subjecting the felt so formed to microwave energy for drying; and firing the dried felt at 2300.degree.-3200.degree.F. to increase its strength.