Abstract: The invention relates to a coarse dirt collector (7) for removing coarse material from a pulper (1). The coarse dirt collector (7) comprises a support arm (8) with a collecting basket (9). The collecting basket (9) consists of a frame (11) on which tines (Z) are fixed by means of a grid. The coarse dirt collector can be pivoted into and out of the pulper, to which end it moves about an axis of rotation (A) positioned at an angle to the plane that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (P) of the pulper. Said angle is between 20° and 40°. The advantage of said device is that the coarse dirt collector (7) has to carry out only one movement between its collecting and unloading position and unloading can take place automatically without need for a special scraping device. Because of the position of the tines (Z) there is no risk of undesirable loss of coarse material prior to unloading.

Abstract: A fiber suspension is produced from waste paper by first filling a pulper with a batch of the waste paper. The pulper is operated to partly defibrate the batch of waste paper substantially without disintegrating coarse imputities into finer impurities. The partly defibrated batch of waste paper is separated into a coarse reject fraction and an initial fiber suspension containing some waste paper fragments and fine impurities. The initial fiber suspension is pumped through a rotary screen apparatus provided with a tubulat fine screen and a pulper type impeller rotating coaxial with the tubular screen, but devoid of any impeller co-operant extraction plate, to defibrate waste paper fragments remaining in the initial fiber suspension and to separate the initial fiber suspension by means of the tubular fine screen into a fine reject fraction containing fine inpurities and a complete fiber suspension substantially free from impurities.

Abstract: Methods and systems for the treatment of pulp are provided. The methods include dewatering pulp to a fiber concentration of at least 20%, shredding the dewatered pulp in a closed pulp shredding vessel, transporting the shredded pulp without compression continuously out of the pulp shredding vessel through an outlet pipe which is kept completely filled with passing pulp, directly transporting the shredded pulp to a reaction vessel through a gas-tight conduit gas sealed from the surroundings and communicating with the outlet pipe and the reaction vessel, bleaching the shredded pulp in the reaction vessel with ozone gas, and regulating the gas pressure in the pulp shredding vessel and in the reaction vessel so that ozone gas is prevented from leaking upstream through the outlet pipe.

Abstract: A paper pulp refiner with control system employs active hydrostatic bearings for supporting the refiner rotor, at least in part, the hydrostatic bearings are defined between the refiner rotor plates (25, 55) and stator plates (22, 60) through openings (40, 62, 85) formed in the stator plates for the admission of active hydrostatic fluid. The control fluid flows into the refiner gap under controlled volume and pressure, employing the refining plates as active hydrostatic bearings and flows into the process fluid. Hydrostatic control fluid is used, which is non-contaminated to the process fluid. The rotors of the paper pulp refiners may also be controlled by hydrostatic bearing surfaces formed between relative rotating and non-rotating components, such surfaces having passageways also opening into the process fluid. In the event of loss of control or function, the refiner may continue to operate on the hydrostatic bearings until the control function can be restored.

Abstract: Apparatus for the production of cellulose paper pulps from vegetative masses, comprising: a tower for sterilizing the mass to form a culture medium; a first screw for mixing the sterilized mass with an inoculum and handling the same in a sterile environment; a first conditioning and reaction chamber for mixing and handling the inoculated mass in a sterile environment and controlled atmosphere of CO2 and O2, with controlled temperature and pH; a hydraulic pulper for the elementarization of the mass and its soaking up with suspensions of enzyme mixes; a hammer mill for the elementarization of vegetative material, to break up knots of stems and to pulverize leaves, detach bast from wood; a rotating tumbler having reels and counter reels for separating various fractions; a rotor compactor to reduce the volume of the vegetable mass and to remove air contained in the same; a second screw for mixing the compacted vegetetative mass with extracts containing enzymes and with water for handling in a sterile environment;

Abstract: A pulper for producing paper pulp from waste paper containing undesired scrap particles includes a container (1) forming a chamber (4) defined by a bottom wall (5) and a cylindrical circumferential wall (6). A paper tearing member (7) is arranged in the chamber closed to the bottom wall and is rotatable in a horizontal direction of rotation about the centre axis of the cylindrical wall. The bottom wall and the circumferential wall forms a substantially circular peripheral reject chute (11) situated under the paper tearing member for collecting reject including undesired scrap particles. The reject chute extends helically in the direction of rotation of the paper tearing member from an upper end (12) of the reject chute downwardly to a lower end (13) of the reject chute. The circumferential wall (6) has a substantially cylindrical shape and extends vertically to the reject chute (11). A discharge element (2) is adapted to discharge reject in batches from the reject chute.

Abstract: A device treats a fiber stock suspension with at least one additive, the fiber stock suspension being used for production of at least one of paper and cardboard. The fiber stock suspension includes a suspension medium and a fiber material. The fiber material has fiber surfaces, the fiber surfaces being moistened by the suspension medium. The device includes a fluffer having an inlet for receiving at least one of the fiber stock suspension and the at least one additive. The fluffer is coupled to the inlet, the fluffer being configured for separating the fiber material and enlarging a specific surface of the fiber surfaces.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and an equipment for combining in one single apparatus, the functions for filtering, decontaminating, and thickening paper pulp from used paper, while providing the complementary function of clarifying the filtrates. The apparatus (1) rotates at high speed. The paper pulp is introduced through the center of the apparatus (2) and driven at its angular speed. The pulp is then brought along a grate (6) with small size holes for separating the fibers from the greater part of the water. The thickened pulp is evacuated through extraction nozzles (8). The water is clarified in the clarification zone (12) and recycled or eliminated depending on uses. More complete embodiments of the apparatus include the functions of fractionating, de-inking and purifying the pulp with slots or holes.

Abstract: An apparatus for loading fibers in a fiber suspension with calcium carbonate has a housing with an inlet and an accept outlet. A rotatable distribution member is positioned within the housing. A rotor and stator assembly is positioned within the housing radially outside of the distribution member. A toothed ring is interposed between the distribution rotor and the rotor and stator assembly. The toothed ring and the rotor and stator assembly define a gas ring therebetween. A reactant gas supply is fluidly coupled with the gas ring. A method for loading fibers in a fiber suspension with calcium carbonate can be practiced with the apparatus, The method controls various factors and provides low shear treatment of the suspension to promote selective crystal formation.

Abstract: An air impingement arrangement and method for compensating for the curling tendency of a paper or board web which is being treated. Air impingement is disposed in connection with a paper or board process or with its finishing process and extends across the width of the web (10) running in the vicinity thereof, forming a contact-free web treatment zone, in which process the web is dried in at least one dryer unit (3, 5, 7) that applies single-wire draw. In accordance with the invention, air impingement directed at the web (10) is produced by the air impingement arrangement (20) in the web treatment zone, said air impingement including, one following after the other, at least one hot blowing with air and at least one cold blowing with air. The invention also relates to a paper or board machine provided with this kind of air impingement arrangement.

Abstract: A pulper for producing paper pulp from waste paper containing undesired scrap particles includes a container (1) forming a chamber (4) defined by a bottom wall (5) and a cylindrical circumferential wall (6). A paper tearing member (7) is arranged in the chamber closed to the bottom wall and is rotatable in a horizontal direction of rotation about the centre axis of the cylindrical wall. The bottom wall and the circumferential wall forms a substantially circular peripheral reject chute (11) situated under the paper tearing member for collecting reject including undesired scrap particles. The reject chute extends helically in the direction of rotation of the paper tearing member from an upper end (12) of the reject chute downwardly to a lower end (13) of the reject chute. The circumferential wall (6) has a substantially cylindrical shape and extends vertically to the reject chute (11). A discharge element (2) is adapted to discharge reject in batches from the reject chute.

Abstract: An apparatus for loading fibers in a fiber suspension with calcium carbonate has a housing with an inlet and an accept outlet. A rotatable distribution member is positioned within the housing. A rotor and stator assembly is positioned within the housing radially outside of the distribution member. A toothed ring is interposed between the distribution rotor and the rotor and stator assembly. The toothed ring and the rotor and stator assembly define a gas ring therebetween. A reactant gas supply is fluidly coupled with the gas ring.

Abstract: Refining elements for use in a disk refiner are provided, in which the refining elements include an outer surface with a plurality of raised bars separated by grooves, the raised bars including an upper surface having a first longitudinal edge and at least one step defining a second longitudinal edge at an intermediate height between the first longitudinal edge and the outer surface of the refining element.

Abstract: A screening apparatus for screening acceptable and rejectable material from a pressurized fiber suspension includes a housing and a rotor within the housing. The rotor has a top end. A screen basket is positioned generally concentrically around the rotor. A rotor blade ring is connected to the top end of the rotor and rotates with the rotor. A stationary defibering ring is positioned adjacent to the rotor blade ring.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for fiberizing bales of pulp into substantially dry fibers and fiber aggregates, i.e., dry fluff, and metering the resulting dry fluff to a receptacle or other process, such as an airlaid process for making disposable absorbent articles.

Abstract: Process and decker for bringing together a first aqueous pulp suspension layer with at least one additional suspension layer. The process includes moving the first pulp suspension layer and the at least one additional suspension layer on moving layer supports, and guiding sides of the first pulp suspension layer and the at least one additional suspension layer that are adapted to contact each other on guiding surfaces that are one of stationary and limitedly moving. The guide surfaces include contoured surfaces arranged to run substantially parallel to the layer supports. The process further includes applying the at least one additional suspension layer onto the first pulp suspension layer at a wedge-shaped gap, and draining the first pulp suspension layer and the at least one additional suspension layer. The decker includes at least one rotating cylinder, and an endless wire guided around at least a portion of an outer circumference of the at least one rotating cylinder.

Abstract: There is provided a photocatalytic pulp composition having the antibacterial, bad smell degrading and harmful substance oxidatively degrading effects in various wide uses such as a filter material, a packaging material, a building material. A photocatalytic pulp composition is effectively used in the air treatment, the water treatment and the soil treatment and improves the photocatalytic activity effect itself.

Abstract: An apparatus for fiberizing bales of pulp into substantially dry fibers and fiber aggregates. One embodiment includes: a bale support member for supporting a bale of pulp, the bale support member defining two openings; two rotatable fiberizing assemblies having disrupting elements protruding through the openings an adjustable distance above the bale support member to contact a surface layer of the bale of pulp, the surface layer having a dimension parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fiberizing assembly, a transportation assembly for moving the bale of pulp back and forth along the bale support member and over the openings so that the disrupting elements contact a surface layer in the bale, an adjustable reciprocating assembly permitting adjustment of the frequency by which the transportation assembly moves back and forth over the opening.

Abstract: Paper stock pulper and process for guiding a suspension in paper stock pulper. The stock pulper includes a container having a side wall and front walls adjacent the side wall, and the process includes driving a plurality of rotors to produce a plurality of intake flows directed toward the side wall, deflecting the plurality of intake flows about 90° on the side wall so that the plurality of intake flows flow along at least a part of the side wall, and deflecting, with at least one flow directing device, at least a part of the suspension flowing along the side wall and flowing toward at least one of the front walls or an adjacent rotor from the at least one front wall or the adjacent rotor.

Abstract: A pulper in a stock preparation system includes a housing with a fiber inlet, at least one water inlet, at least one outlet and an inner chamber. A plurality of rotatable augers extend into the inner chamber.

Abstract: A pulp heating apparatus has a heater main body 1 which has a pulp introduction port for introducing pulp, a vapor introduction port for introducing vapor, a disperser for dispersing the pulp introduced via the pulp introduction port under a high temperature and a pulp exhaust port for exhausting the pulp dispersed by the disperser and is arranged in a horizontal direction. The disperser has a spiral vane section which continues spirally around a rotational shaft and discontinuous vane sections around the rotational shaft. The pulp introduction port is provided at a bottom section of the heater main body and is connected to an introduction passage. A screw conveyor is provided on the introduction passage. A forward end of the introduction passage faces towards the spiral vane section.

Abstract: Process and device for the mixing of suspensions with possibly different natures and/or compositions in the stable section of a paper machine. In the process, a suspension, particularly of the backwater of the paper machine, is piped in a mixing tube with the main flow direction in the longitudinal direction of the tube, and additional suspensions, with possibly different solid content, are injected. In the device, a mixing device and piping carry the suspension in the stable section of a paper or cardboard machine and blend suspensions with a higher solid content into a first suspension with little or no solid content. The mixing device and piping include a tube, at least one inlet for the first suspension, a plurality of feeds for the higher solid content suspensions to be admixed, and one outlet for the blended suspension, with a new solid content, arranged downstream from a bend in the tube.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for handling a web including a pair of juxtaposed press rolls providing a nip therebetween, a coarse shredder trough disposed above the nip to receive the web from the nip, and a doctor arrangement for transferring the web from the outer surfaces of the press roll including a doctor support extending longitudinally of the pair of press rolls and a plurality of doctor blades attached to the doctor supports and extending in abutment with the outer surfaces of the press rolls, the doctor arrangement being supported by the coarse shredder trough whereby the doctor blades form a rigid structure for the plurality of doctor blades.

Abstract: Device for diluting a fibrous stock that includes a drum and a displacer. A center line of the drum is oriented at at least an angle of about 10° from horizontal. At least one feed opening is structured and arranged to feed the fibrous stock, at least one discharge opening is structured and arranged to discharge the fibrous stock, and the displacer includes a rotor. A drive is coupled to the rotor to transmit necessary energy for dilution.

Abstract: A pulper for pulping a fiber suspension includes a vessel, an extraction plate assembly and a rotor. The extraction plate assembly is disposed within the vessel and includes a metal plate with a plurality of holes extending therethrough. A plurality of metal inserts are respectively disposed within the holes and project from the plate. Each insert is removably attached to the plate. A rotor is disposed within the vessel adjacent to the extraction plate assembly. The inserts are removably attached to the plate by brazing the inserts within the holes, or slightly shrinking the inserts using liquid nitrogen and placing the inserts in the holes.

Abstract: The invention creates a device for deaerating fiber stock suspension including a horizontal cylinder tank, an inlet, an outlet opening, and a vacuum connection. An overflow tube may be positioned independently of the location of the inlet for the fiber stock suspension and the outlet for the deaerated fiber stock suspension.

Abstract: A pulper device includes a vessel in which an annular flow can be generated. The flow acts upon a liquid-sold mixture located inside the vessel and effects a pulping of the same. The device also comprises a screening device for separating coarse materials from the suspension, whereby the screening device has the shape of a truncated cone. The truncated cone is provided with holes on the lateral surface thereof and can be mounted on the base of the vessel in such a way that the truncated cone points upward with the small circular surface thereof, and the lateral surface lies in an approximately tangential manner to the toroidal flow. The screening device is subdivided into different segments and these segments can be individually mounted from the external side of the vessel.

Abstract: A strainer with a screen at its outer periphery is rotatably supported on a casing. A hollow pipe with paddles on an outer periphery of the pipe is fitted in the strainer. The hollow pipe is rotated at a rotating velocity different from that of the strainer. Slurry introduced into the hollow pipe is discharged through slurry outlets on the hollow pipe into inside of the strainer. Then, the slurry is hydrated by the screen under centrifugal action and is moved by the paddles toward a slurry outlet.

Abstract: A pulper for pulping a fiber suspension includes a vessel, an extraction plate assembly and a rotor. The extraction plate assembly is disposed within the vessel and includes a metal plate with a plurality of holes extending therethrough. A plurality of metal inserts are respectively disposed within the holes and project from the plate. Each insert is removably attached to the plate. A rotor is disposed within the vessel adjacent to the extraction plate assembly. The inserts are removably attached to the plate by brazing the inserts within the holes, or slightly shrinking the inserts using liquid nitrogen and placing the inserts in the holes.

Abstract: Process and device for the mixing of suspensions with possibly different natures and/or compositions in the stable section of a paper machine. In the process, a suspension, particularly of the backwater of the paper machine, is piped in a mixing tube with the main flow direction in the longitudinal direction of the tube, and additional suspensions, with possibly different solid content, are injected. In the device, a mixing device and piping carry the suspension in the stable section of a paper or cardboard machine and blend suspensions with a higher solid content into a first suspension with little or no solid content. The mixing device and piping include a tube, at least one inlet for the first suspension, a plurality of feeds for the higher solid content suspensions to be admixed, and one outlet for the blended suspension, with a new solid content, arranged downstream from a bend in the tube.

Abstract: The process targets the removal of interfering materials from an aqueous fibrous material suspension, especially if this is produced from recycled paper. Thereby interfering materials, such as printing ink particles, small synthetic particles, or sticky contamination, are eliminated by flotation in a particularly advantageous manner. In accordance with the invention, the combination of low-intensity and high-intensity flotation is undertaken, whereby the low-intensity flotation generally works in the gravitational field and the high-intensity flotation in a centrifugal field.

Abstract: Process and device for mixing fluid into a pulp suspension of cellulose-containing fiber material, in which the pulp suspension is pumped in through a pump inlet (17), brought into rotation and, at the desired reaction pressure, mixed with the said fluid while passing through a reaction sector comprising a stator shell (1), a rotor (7) which is coaxial therewith, and at least one fluid inlet (23), after which the pulp mixture leaves the reaction sector through a pulp outlet (20), in which the fluid, via the said fluid inlet (23), is supplied in the vicinity of the center of rotation of the rotating pulp suspension, where the local pressure in the pulp suspension is lower, due to the centrifugal force increasing radially outwards, than the reaction pressure prevailing at the periphery of the pulp suspension.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for recycling office waste paper and the like of the type having ink and laser print particles coated thereon. The waste paper is simultaneously pulped and ink particles dispersed by kneading the waste paper in the form of a high solids content aqueous mixture or sludge. After the simultaneous pulping and dispersing, no additional dispersion step is needed to form deinked paper stock. The high solids content aqueous mixture or sludge is diluted and forwarded to wet deinking separation devices such as a froth flotation unit or the like. The thus treated pulp is washed and results in the formation of a high quality pulp stock ready for bleaching and/or paper making procedures.

Abstract: A wastepaper treatment method and system which combines the pulping and sorting in a pulping drum (10) with a following wet-strength processing, performed with high mechanical intensity, e.g., in a pulper (20). With the easily pulping paper materials being separated already from the drum (10) in a fines fraction (3), particular advantages result in terms of quality and economy.

Abstract: A guide vane is provided in a pin fluffer to assist in pulp mat retention during fluffing by providing a cyclic lift component to the mat as it passes over the vane thereby also further increasing retention time obtained in the fluffer.

Abstract: Pulp-dewatering apparatus is disclosed including a pair of press rolls and a rotatable pulp disintegrating screw above the nip region between the press rolls, and the apparatus includes a pair of doctor bars associated with the pair of press rolls, each doctor bar including a doctor blade for removing pulp from the surface of its associated press roll, and in which one of the doctor blades is disposed adjacent to the nip region below the pulp disintegrating screw such that the space between the pair of press rolls and the pulp disintegrating screw in which a pulp cake can form is substantially reduced.

Abstract: A method for producing extensible paper, comprising the following stages:feeding a mix of vegetable fibres to a kneader member,mixing the mix with water in the kneader,beating the fibres to obtain a pulp,transferring the beaten pulp into a flow chest,feeding the beaten pulp from the flow chest onto a paper web formation cloth with consequent reduction of the water percentage by gravity and vacuum,pressing the web, with consequent further reduction of its water content,initial drying of the paper web to a substantially constant moisture content of between 15% and 65%,compacting,final drying to a moisture content of between 15% and 4%, preferably 10%-8%,glazing,wherein:the beating stage is carried out by rubbing the fibres in a multistage unit to obtain a pulp having a degree of beating of at least 30.degree.

Abstract: The invention refers to a device for mixing chemicals into a pulp suspension, where a high-speed rotor (5) with an open center is mounted inside a mixing chamber (2). It is mainly characterized by at least one further high-speed rotor (5') with open center being provided, the areas covered by these rotors (5, 5') overlapping and the spacing between the axis of the rotors (5, 5') being selected so that the rotor arms (8, 8') extend almost to the center of at least one other rotor (5, 5').

Abstract: An apparatus produces elongate multi-fiber particles of extremely small size to facilitate substantially complete penetration of high consistency pulp fibers by ozone when exposed thereto. A housing is provided having first and second ends and a substantially smooth interior housing surface. A means is provided for introducing high consistency wood pulp into the housing. A source of ozone gas bleaches the high consistency pulp within the housing. A pin rotor is rotatably mounted within the housing, and includes a plurality of pins, each pin having a pin tip. A means is provided means for limiting the build up of high consistency pulp fiber accretions on the pin tips.

Abstract: Separation and discharge of contaminants and defibration of undefibered waste paper can be effected in a single apparatus which has a generally cylindrical casing, a rotor concentrically arranged in the casing and a cylindrical main screen plate concentrically surrounding the rotor. Stock is separated by the main screen plate into that passing from inside through the main screen plate to outside and that not passing through it. The stock passing through the main screen plate is sent as accept stock to a next process. The stock not passing through the main screen plate is passed through a gap of a defibering section provided by defibration stator and rotor for defibration of undefibered waste paper and is further separated into the stock passing through an auxiliary screen plate and that not passing through it. The stock passing through the auxiliary screen plate is sent back through a circulation pathway in the rotor to inside of the main screen plate.

Abstract: A machine and process for using the fibrous material in coconut husks to manufacture paper and cardboard. The machine is designed to process intact coconuts wherein the copra and coconut milk contained therein are recovered as separate by-products for processing in their respective independent industries and process empty coconuts husks, coconuts wherein the copra and coconut milk have already been removed, by bypassing the copra and coconut milk extraction processing steps.

Abstract: A device for use in a pulping process comprises first and second pulping units for processing feed material. A flow path connects the first pulping unit to the second pulping unit for transporting material between the units. The second pulping unit has devices for separating pulped material into a first material component comprising waste matter collected at the bottom of the second pulping unit, a second material component comprising sieved pulped material and third material component comprising unsieved pulped material. The second and third material component are separated from the first material component and are transported as a unitary flow to a primary space. Mixing and sieving devices are located in the primary space for separating the second material component from the first material component. The second material component comprises material which passes the sieving device and the third material component comprises material which does not pass the sieving device.

Abstract: A strainer for paper making capable of accomplishing maceration and screening of a paper feedstock with high efficiency and being simplified in structure and manufacturing. The strainer is arranged in proximity to a rotor and formed with a plurality of recesses on a surface thereof opposite to the rotor. Also, a screening apparatus for paper making which uses such a strainer is disclosed.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is disclosed for treating fibrous material under pressure which includes at least two pressure relief devices. The pressure relief devices are arranged so that only one at a time is exposed to pressure during the treatment process. When the exposed pressure relief device is ruptured in response to an abnormal increase in pressure, the ruptured device may be isolated and the second pressure relief device exposed to the operating pressure so that the treatment apparatus may be operated on a substantially continuous basis.

Abstract: A plant for the production of cellulose films and fibers includes at least one pulping device for producing a first suspension of pulp in an aqueous amine-oxide solution and a first thin-film treatment apparatus for receiving the first pulp suspension and producing a concentrated pulp suspension. The plant also includes a second thin-film treatment apparatus wherein the concentrated pulp suspension is transformed into a mouldable solution of cellulose and a spinning device connected to the second thin-film treatment apparatus, wherein the mouldable cellulose solution is processed into cellulose films and fibers. A process for the production of cellulose films and fibers according to an amine-oxide process includes the steps of suspending pulp in an aqueous amine-oxide solution to produce a first suspension, concentrating the first suspension, producing a mouldable cellulose solution by heating, and processing the solution to form cellulose films and fibers.

Abstract: A varying tapered conical shell is provided with a varying taper conical rotor having pinlike radially extending projections whereby the varying taper assures more uniform solids distribution in a fluffing solids/gas contactor.

Abstract: An improved method of processing baled waste material containing waste paper having fibers contaminated to various degrees for recovering usable cellulosic fiber pulp from the bale in which the bale contents are impregnated with a fiber swelling and debonding fluid by enclosing the bale within a closed chamber and subjecting the chamber and contained bale to multiple pressure environmental conditions, that preferably includes a vacuum, while submerging the bale in the debonding fluid. The impregnated bale contents are allowed to soak for a sufficient period that the lesser degree contaminated fibers become swollen after which the bale is subjected to a sufficiently low degree of pulping agitation as initiates separation of the swollen fibers without significant damage to the fibers and which does not significantly decrease the sheet size of higher degree contaminated bonded fibers and other contaminants.

Abstract: The load on a refiner motor is controlled by adjusting the motor load setpoint by monitoring load applied by the refiner and the plate gap between the refiner plates to define the curve of the load versus plate gap relationship. This slope of load versus plate gap relationship is estimated and when the sign of the slope of the curve changes sign indicating operation in an unstable zone of pad collapse and based on the tendency for the refiner to be in the unstable operation zone over a selected period of time exceeding a preset limit adjusting the setpoint lower to approach more closely the maximum load applied over the selected time.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reclaiming cellulosic fibers from a bale containing waste papers, in which the bale is positioned in a treatment enclosure, and the enclosure is placed under a vacuum. A treating fluid is drawn into the enclosure, which penetrates the bale interior spaces, and produces a preferential swelling-of uncontaminated cellulosic fibers. After the treating fluid is withdrawn from the enclosure, a slurrying fluid is passed through the bale contents, to form a fiber-fluid suspension slurry.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for recovering wash water from effluent generated by a pulp and paper mill. The method includes filtering at least a portion of the effluent to form a filtrate stream and an organic solids feed stream. The organic solids feed stream is exposed to a temperature and a pressure which are supercritical for water to cause a substantial portion of the organic component to oxidize and form a product stream that, when cooled, includes a gaseous component, an inorganic solids component, and a liquid wash water component. The wash water component is separated from the gaseous and inorganic solids components, thereby recovering wash water.

Abstract: A halogen-containing polyester resin composition having an improved stable flexibility and flame retardency which comprises a bislactam compound and a flame-resisting aromatic polyester copolymers containing halogen at a ratio of 0.5 to 30% by weight, said copolymers being by the poly-condensation of(A) aromatic dicarboxylic acids or ester-forming derivatives thereof;(B) aliphatic glycols or ester-forming derivatives thereof; and(C) halogen-containing ester-forming compounds, said bislactam compound being present in a ratio of 0.1 to 10% by weight based on the total quantity of the composite.