Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preserving aqueous solutions or dispersions containing organic substances, and to an apparatus for carrying out this method and the application of the method. Also a method of preserving aqueous solutions or dispersions comprising glue or starch is disclosed.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for removing solids from an aqueous fiber suspension in a flotation container that includes a drainage section. The process includes adding gas bubbles to the fiber suspension entering the flotation container, and collecting a flotation foam formed within the flotation container. The flotation foam includes the solids to be removed. The process also includes laterally moving the flotation foam in the drainage section, such that at least a portion of fluid within the flotation foam is drained from the flotation foam, collecting the drained fluid in the drainage section, discharging the drained fluid from the drainage section, discharging the flotation foam as a rejects material, and discharging a purified fiber suspension as an accepted stock suspension. The apparatus includes a flotation container, and a drainage section coupled to the flotation container. The drainage section is arranged to drain at least a portion of fluid from a flotation foam.

Abstract: Apparatus for removing fine impurities from a fibrous suspension comprises a dissolution device, a pre-purification device, a wet straining device, and at least one flotation device. The wet straining device comprises at least two sorting devices present in sequence, each sorting device having a wire for separating the fibrous suspension into an “accepts” portion and a “rejects” portion. The flotation device is adapted to purify the “accepts” portion of at least one sorting device, and further separates the fibrous suspension into an “accepts” portion and a “rejects” portion. The process for removing fine impurities from a fibrous suspension comprises the steps of subjecting the fibrous suspension to a dissolution process, subjecting the fibrous suspension to a pre-purification process, purifying the fibrous suspension in a wet straining process, and purifying “accepts” portions from the wet straining process by a flotation process.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a hot melt wax coating composition containing at least one chemical compound which is either itself capable of acting as a latent dispersant for the coating or capable of being chemically modified so as to act as a dispersant for the coating, within an aqueous environment, thus rendering the hot melt coating more readily redispersable. The present invention also relates to a coated paper product using such coating which renders the coated paper more readily repulpable (recyclable) with standard paper mill equipment. Other related aspects of the present invention include a method of coating paper with the novel coating composition and a method of repulping such coated paper.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for separating compressed material containing paper fibers where the apparatus includes at least three hammer rollers arranged essentially in a same plane and each hammer roller includes rotatable hammers. The process includes rotating the rotatable hammers, transporting the material over the at least three hammer rollers in a transport direction essentially parallel to the plane and transverse to the axes of the rollers, breaking up the material into fine material and non-fine material, and separating the fine material from the non-fine material by allowing the fine material to pass through gaps formed between the hammer rollers. The apparatus includes a machine frame and a plurality of rotors arranged next to one another in the machine frame. Axes of the driven rotors are arranged to lie in at least one plane, and the rotors are positioned to form free gaps between the driven rotors.

Abstract: Process for dissolving used paper including adjusting a content of solid particles of used paper to a range between about 15 and 35%, kneading the used paper with a specific work of at least about 10 kWh/t, diluting the kneaded used paper to a content of solid particles below about 6%, separating non-fibrous contaminants with wet screening, adjusting a solid material content to less than about 3%, and separating heavy particles with at least one hydrocyclone.

Abstract: A hot melt wax coating composition and hot melt wax coated paper product are provided which coating contains at least one chemical compound which is either itself capable of acting as a latent dispersant for the coating or capable of being chemically modified so as to act as a dispersant for the coating, within an aqueous environment, thus rendering the hot melt coating more readily dispersable from the coated paper. The coated paper product is repulpable using standard paper mill equipment.

Abstract: Methods for controlling wax and other contaminants by improving the dispersion of these materials through the addition of contaminant dispersants to the process of recycling paper and paperboard are disclosed. A preferred contaminant dispersant comprises: a) water; b) a plasticizer; c) an anionic dispersant; d) a surfactant wetting agent; and e) either 1) an acid or lecithin and optionally, a base, or 2) a preneutralized component.

Abstract: Cellulosic fines and cellulosic fibers are separated from a suspension containing the fines, the fibers and hydrophobic materials by screening the suspension to remove the fibers, and then subjecting the resultant filtrate to dispersed air flotation in the presence of calcium and generally a separation aid to form an upper Reject fraction in which the hydrophobic material is concentrated and a lower Accept fraction in which the cellulosic fines are concentrated.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for removing nonimpact inks and stickies contaminants from waste paper containing same by repulping the waste paper to form a slurry, adding a densifying agent and an agglomeration agent to the slurry, and subjecting the slurry to treatment with a conical cleaner to remove the inks/stickies. The densifying agent and agglomeration agent addition may be simultaneous or the densifying agent addition may precede agglomeration agent addition and, preferably, is conducted at ambient or greater temperature, at neutral to alkaline pH, and at a pulp consistency (below 18%). Densifying agent addition and agglomeration, followed by passing the repulped waste paper through a conical cleaner, provides improved ink removal over passing the slurry through a conical cleaner without such pre-treatment or with treatment only with densifying agent or only with agglomeration agent.

Abstract: A single plant for making corrugated sheets out of recycled paper and a method for making the same. The plant includes a recycling pulper a board machine and a corrugator.

Abstract: The process is designed for the flotation of interfering materials from an aqueous fibrous pulp suspension and is in particular used in the processing of printed or used paper that is otherwise contaminated. The separation of gas bubbles of the suspension occurs in a flotation layer that has a maximum thickness of approximately 100 mm. The process also achieves good flotation results in fibrous pulp suspensions that have a fiber pulp content significantly larger than 1% by weight, for example around 2% by weight. A flotation apparatus is provided for performing the flotation process. The apparatus includes a flotation vessel, an inlet, an outlet, and a skimmer device.

Abstract: The invention comprises, in one form thereof, a method of removing wax from recycled cellulosic fiber. The cellulosic fiber is pulped in a pulper to a suspension with a consistency of less than about 10% by weight. The suspension is then screened to remove coarse and fine contaminants. The screened suspension is diluted to a consistency of less than about 3% by weight. The wax is removed from the diluted suspension using a froth flotation device. The suspension is then washed and/or thickened.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for inhibiting and eliminating adhesive impurities, so-called stickies, from waste paper preparations or paper pulp containing prepared waste paper in the paper industry by using classic sorting- and dispersion equipment and a flotation unit consisting of one or more flotation stages containing deinking froth. In the course of preparing the waste paper for making a paper pulp which is fed to a paper machine, a hydrophobized synthetic or natural mineral is added to the pulp before or during its introduction into the paper machine, causing the microstickies to be adsorbed by the added hydrophobized mineral and removed by same from the flotation unit via the deinking froth.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of paper products includes the feeding of a carbon dioxide stream to a product flow which includes a material containing an aluminum compound. The material is preferably wastepaper containing aluminum sulfate or papermaker's alum. The material may also be a product flow of wastepaper (containing aluminum sulfate) to which a supply of virgin pulp has been added. The carbon dioxide addition to the product flow reduces the pH of the product flow to a level of acidity which allows a dissolution of the aluminum compound and incorporation thereof throughout the product flow.

Abstract: The method for de-inking paper pulp produced by the reduction to pulp, with water, of old papers of various qualities according to which a stream of air bubbles (C) is sent through the flow (E2, S2, E3, S3) of pulp at least once, is characterized by the fact that a countercurrent of water (E1) is sent into the stream of de-inking air bubbles after said bubbles have passed through the pulp and become laden with ink particles so that the countercurrent releases the particles (fibers, fines, fillers) borne along by these de-inking bubbles and carries them away.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of recycled paper having improved strength properties is achieved by replacing refiners by agitators, modifying extractor, applying effective amount of dispersion aids, and applying appropriate amount of dry strength additives.

Abstract: The process targets the removal of interfering materials from an aqueous fibrous material suspension, especially if this is produced from recycled paper. Thereby interfering materials, such as printing ink particles, small synthetic particles, or sticky contamination, are eliminated by flotation in a particularly advantageous manner. In accordance with the invention, the combination of low-intensity and high-intensity flotation is undertaken, whereby the low-intensity flotation generally works in the gravitational field and the high-intensity flotation in a centrifugal field.

Abstract: In a deinking process at least comprising the step of stripping ink from wastepaper as the starting material and the step of removing the stripped ink from a flotation system, the contact angle of the aqueous solution portion of a slurry containing the stripped ink with the interfaces of ink particles in the flotation step is controlled to be at least 70°.

Abstract: Process for repulping paper comprising providing paper comprising thermosetting resin which is the reaction product of epihalohydrin and polyamide made from polyalkylene polyamine, succinic acid and optionally another dicarboxylic acid and repulping the paper to obtain recycled pulp fibers.

Abstract: A recycling process for garbage containing a high proportion of paper where printed paper is first separated from the garbage. The garbage is then into pieces and light and heavy components are separated out in a classification tank. The remaining organic mass suspended in water is hydrolyzed and subjected to anaerobic digestion followed by aerobic co-composting. The resulting solid is a high grade fertilizer while biogas produced by the process is converted to electrical energy in a combined cycle installation.

Abstract: The flotation process for separating particulate impurities from fibrous suspensions in a flotation tank. Upon or after entry into the flotation tank, the fibrous suspension added to the flotation tank may be mixed with a portion of the suspension already in the flotation tank. The portion of the suspension already in the flotation tank may be drawn into the added suspension. After mixing, the mixed suspensions enter a mixing element. The mixed suspension is expelled into the flotation tank and a circular flow pattern is generated within the flotation tank as a result. A flow speed may be limited at a top end so that an optimal mixing with the gas bubbles required for flotation may occur with a desired energy savings.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing printing material from a recording member on which an image is recorded by the printing material is provided with a releasing member and a separating device. The releasing member has a plane surface with which the surface of the recording member recorded with the printing material comes into contact. The releasing member moves to a predetermined direction with the recording member held thereon. The separating device is disposed on the plane surface of the releasing member for separating the recording member from the releasing member. A separation line between the releasing member and the recording member is angled with respect to the front end of the recording member.

Abstract: A mixing device in the form of a centrifugal pump is used to mix gas (typically air) with liquid (typically effluent water, dispersion water, or waste paper pulp suspension, etc.). The pump is provided with a common inlet conduit for both the liquid and the gas so that liquid and gas flow freely and in an arbitrary ratio into the pump, that is there is no controlling or adjusting of the flows. The gas is allowed to either dissolve in the liquid or be mixed as small bubbles with the liquid, and any surplus gas is separated from the mixing device (e.g. by holes in the pump impeller leading to a rear portion of the pump which is attached to a vacuum source, such as a liquid ring pump). The liquid and gas dissolved therein, and small bubbles mixed therein, are discharged from the mixing device at a pressure that is raised from the inlet pressure, due to the action of the impeller, which pressure development enhances the dissolution of gas in the liquid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a deinking process from which bulkier pulp sheets that are excellent in paper strength, printability, ect. can be obtained. A deinking process comprising the steps of sipping ink from the flotation system. The flotation step is controlled so that the interfacial potential (.xi. potential) of ink particals is in the range of -5 mV to -60 mV and the interfacial potential (.xi. potential) of pulp is in the range of -5 mV to -.mV wherein a difference exist of at least 10 mV in the .xi. potential of the ink particles and pulp.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of a colored fibre material, containing a certain proportion of cellulose fibres, such as paper and nonwoven. A dyestuff is applied onto reel or sheet pulp either on the whole material or only on part of it, whereupon the reel or sheet pulp is defibrated and dispersed in liquid or foam possibly together with other fibres. The fibre dispersion is thereafter applied onto a wire and dewatered, whereupon the formed fibre web, which contains a substantially even addition of colored fibres, is subjected to possible further treatment steps before drying and reeling. A fibre material manufactured according to the process is also disclosed. If only part of the pulp fibres are colored, a mottled color impression of the material is obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for recycling of old corrugated container (OCC) using flotation, followed by selective enzymatic treatment to fines portion and by selective refining to long fiber stream, and more particularly, to a method for recycling of OCC, wherein OCC is treated with floatation and enzymatic hydrolysis and those recycled stock is refined, thereby having the following effects:a) The drainage property of base paper of old corrugated container is improved; andb) The strength of the same is enhanced by the refining treatment of the fractionated long fiber only; andc) The cost for disintegration and enzymatic treatment is reduced; and(d) The imported corrugated board and unbleached kraft pulp can be substituted by the Korean old corrugated container (KOCC).

Abstract: A process and apparatus serves to remove solid matter from an aqueous material suspension produced from printed used paper. As many interfering material particles are collected by floatation as possible in a floatation foam and diverted as a reject. A perforated separating element is located above the fibrous material suspension. Between the separating element and the floatation foam, an intermediate layer is formed. In the intermediate layer the fibers, which have been entrained by gas bubbles are again rinsed and retrieved.

Abstract: A wastepaper treatment method and system which combines the pulping and sorting in a pulping drum (10) with a following wet-strength processing, performed with high mechanical intensity, e.g., in a pulper (20). With the easily pulping paper materials being separated already from the drum (10) in a fines fraction (3), particular advantages result in terms of quality and economy.

Abstract: A deinking method for obtaining regenerated pulp of high brightness is provided. One or more of deinking agents selected from (a-1) to (a-2) given below are used, and a deinking step is carried out, in which a washing step is carried out at treating temperatures from 40 to 80.degree. C.;(a-1) : a compound represented by the general formula (a-1) given below,R.sub.1 --O--(AO).sub.p --H (a-1)where R.sub.1 is an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms, AO is specific quantities of EO and PO, and p is a number to satisfy the specific quantities,(a-2): a compound represented by the general formula (a-2) given below,R.sub.2 [--COO--(AO).sub.m --R.sub.3 ].sub.n (a-2)where n is an integer of one or more, R.sub.2 is a residue of carboxylic acid having 14 to 24 carbon atoms in total, R.sub.3 is hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and the like, AO is specific quantities of EO and PO, and m is a number to satisfy the specific quantities.

Abstract: A mixture of air, paper stock made from recycled paper, foaming agents and surfactants are injected into a pressurized container. The container has a stock inlet at an end opposite a stock outlet, and three outlets arranged along the top of the container between the stock inlet and the stock outlet. The first top outlet nearest the stock inlet is separated from the second and third outlets by a baffle, and the second and third outlets are separated from the stock outlet by a baffle. Each outlet has a valve which controls flow from that outlet. By adjusting the outlet valves, foam and waste ink is vented from the first and second outlets from the stock inlet, while stock is vented from the third outlet which is closest to the stock outlet. The stock passing through the third outlet is recycled through the container.

Abstract: The invention realizes a baffle for a reactor for liquids purification, said reactor comprising: a tank containing the liquid to be purified; a plurality of injectors suitable for introducing in the tank said liquid to be purified; one or more rotating blades arranged inside said tank, suitable for keeping agitated said liquid to be purified. Said baffle is applied to at least one of said one or more blades and it is formed of a disk supplied with a plurality of through openings suitable for favoring, during the rotation of said blades, the passing of the descending flow of liquid during the purification, and of the ascending flow of aeriform substance dispersed in said liquid, in order to favor the stabilization of the turbulent motion of the liquid itself in correspondence with said blades.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and batch or continuous flow method of thermodynamically reducing and converting household garbage into useful by-products capable of being recycled and reused or otherwise transformed into useful articles. The method of transforming household garbage into useful material comprises the steps of: providing a quantity of household garbage having a first volume and a liquid content; reducing the garbage having a first volume to an aggregate shard having a second volume smaller then the first volume; optionally expelling liquid from the aggregate shard; and heating the aggregate shard under pressure greater than ambient pressure to create an aggregate shard pulp.

Abstract: A method wherein waste cellulosic material is used as an alternative fiber source during chemical pulping to replace a fraction of the wood chips. The waste cellulosic material is fed to the digester along with wood chips. The waste cellulosic material need not be repulped or slurried prior to digestion. The wood chips may be any species of hardwood or softwood. Normal chemical pulping charges, temperatures and cooking times applied in the case of 100% wood chip pulping may be used for the co-pulping of waste cellulosic material and wood chips. Thereafter, the pulp is processed as usual for chemical pulping, including the steps of blowing the digester, washing and thickening the brown stock, and bleaching the brown stock under the normal conditions used for the component co-pulped with the waste cellulosic material. Further screening or cleaning steps may be required to remove debris from waste cellulosic material.

Abstract: Describes flotation deinking of secondary fiber using a froth moderating agent, a composition of the froth moderating agent with flotation deinking chemicals, and reducing the amount of stickies in separated seconday fiber. The froth moderating agent is selected from the group consisting of:(a) nonionic surfactant material represented by the formula:R--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 O--(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.m --(C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.n --(C.sub.4 H.sub.8 O).sub.p --R.sup.1wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing from about 5 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of chloro, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A de-trashing unit has a rotor fabricated from steel blank. The rotor has two swept blades with blunt leading edges and relieved trailing edges. The rotor is driven to rotate over a trash screen with holes of between one-quarter and one-half inch in diameter. The blade is positioned with a clearance between the blade and the screen of between 0.005 and 0.010 inches. The relieved portions of the blades face the screen while the trailing edges of the blade are tapered between 18 and 30 degrees away from the screen surface. The blade taper creates a strong negative pressure pulse which keeps the screen clear. Holes drilled through the relieved portion of the blade allow circulation through the blade into the region of low pressure generated by the relieved portions passing over the screen. The circulation created by the holes creates microturbulence which keeps a water and paper fiber slurry fluidized.

Abstract: A process and device for continuously measuring the quantity of particles spended in a liquid, which exist in at least two different physical states, such as detached or attached within the paper pulp. A separation assembly separates the particles into divisions depending on their size, and the separation assembly is continuously fed with liquid via an input pipe. A measuring and processing assembly has two channels or ducts coming from the separation assembly and are provided with translucent windows. A measurement and capture unit illuminates the windows, and at least two cameras located opposite each of the respective windows are synchronized with the illumination unit to capture, at regular intervals, an image of the windows. A system for digitizing the captured images and processing them to determine the quantity of particles for each physical states is forwarded to an output unit in a digital or analog form.

Abstract: A process for the purification of a fiber suspension (deinking or white water) in which a mixture of fiber suspension and gas bubbles are jtted into a flotation tank in an upwardly directed manner toward the free surface of the pulp at a velocity of greater than Sm/s and the jet ends at or just below the free surface of the mixture.

Abstract: An integrated system and method for removing excess nutrients from water, for removing the nutrients from the removal site, and for enhancing soil includes bioremediating water to be treated with cultured algae or another suitable plant matter in an attached periphyton bed, harvesting the algae/plant matter to produce a wet algal biomass, and mixing the wet biomass with a shredded fibrous material to produce a pulp. The pulp can be molded into a biodegradable package that can be utilized as a delivery vehicle to a site having nutrient-enrichable soil, where the package can be used as a soil amendment after being used as a delivery vehicle.

Abstract: A tackified, mixed rubber, hot melt PSA deinking composition and an improved process for removing inks and other contaminants from printed wastepaper are provided. A preferred deinking composition contains a mixture of SB and SIS rubbers, tackified with at least one hydrocarbon resin tackifier and at least one rosin-based tackifier. In an improved deinking or recycling process, the novel composition is added to a paper slurry, either directly or as PSA-coated paper or label stock, and significantly reduces the number of contaminants that remain after screening and forward cleaning.

Abstract: A reverse hydrocyclone cleaner (10) for the centrifugal separation of lightweight contaminants contained in a suspension of papermaking fibers is formed with an elongated hollow body (12) of circular cross section which converges uniformly from a first inlet end to a second apex end, in which the ratio of the length of the conical body to its largest diameter is at least approximately 20 to 1 and defines an included angle of less than 3 degrees.

Abstract: This invention relates to the rehydration of once-dried fiber for use in a papermaking furnish. Such a rehydration of this type, generally, employs temperature, pressure and refining to make the once-dried fiber behave more like a virgin fiber. Thus, higher levels of once-dried fiber can be used without sacrificing paper formation, surface smoothness, and productivity (drainage).

Abstract: Process and apparatus for the separation of solid matter via flotation. The flotation process for the separation of solid matter from a suspension takes place via the utilization of centrifugal forces wherein the suspension is brought into rotation in a separating zone so that the floated components are particularly effectively routed to and concentrated at the center of the separating space, whereby, when viewed axially, floated components and the remaining portion of the suspension is guided in the same direction and out of the separating zone, with the avoidance of vortexes in the flow stream achieving particularly favorable separation effects. In addition, several apparatuses, for carrying out the process, are also set forth.

Abstract: Paper mill sludge is reclaimed and useful products produced therefrom. A predetermined amount of paper mill sludge is continuously discharged from a storage reservoir onto a mixer/conveyor to create a first reactant stream. A predetermined amount of calcium oxide is input into the first reactant stream from a calcium oxide reservoir. The calcium oxide and paper mill sludge are mixed as they travel along the mixer/conveyor to form a first intermediate mixture. After a time period sufficient to allow for the reaction of the calcium oxide and paper mill sludge, a predetermined amount of diatomite is added to the reactant stream from a diatomite storage reservoir. The first reactant stream, now comprising the first intermediate mixture of paper mill sludge and calcium oxide combined with diatomite, forms a useful, environmentally safe product.

Abstract: A process for the deinking of wastepaper is disclosed. The process comprises administering a sufficient amount of a branched alcohol alkoxylate surfactant to a sample of waste paper for which treatment is desired. The surfactant is effective for the flotation of the ink.

Abstract: A process is disclosed which utilizes the "non-papermaking" portion of waste paper to produce a highly absorbent, essentially fiber-free granule which can be used, for example, as an agricultural chemical carrier. The process maximizes the amount of long (papermaking) fiber sent to the paper machine. The waste paper is broken up in a hydropulper, and the pulp stock is screened so that papermaking fibers are retained and sent forward to the papermaking process, and the solid material in the reject stream, such as kaolin clay and inorganic materials pass through a flotation clarifier to separate the solids. The slurry is then dewatered by means of a belt press to form a filter cake. The filter cake then enters a pin mixer where it is broken up into individual granules. The granules are then dried to a solids content of greater than 95%.

Abstract: Rejects from a conventional first set of cleaners from a system feeding recycled cellulosic fiber slurry to a paper machine or rejects from the paper machine approach system cleaners are fractionated to produce a first, fine fraction, stream and a second, coarse fraction, stream containing most of the fiber and larger solids. The second stream is acted upon by a disperser, deflaker, or like mechanical agitating device, to disrupt the fiber flocs and reduce the size of solids to produce a third stream containing few or no fiber flocs and no large particles. The third stream may be diluted and cleaned in a second set of cleaners, and then is returned to the first set of cleaners (e.g. to the inlet of the first stage or between the first and second stages). Ink, and other fine undesirable particles may be removed from the first stream via flotation or cleaning, and the cleaned stream may also be returned to the first set of cleaners if desired.

Abstract: The present invention provides a froth flotation process for the separation of paper and wood fibers from printed and copying inks and other contaminants during the recycling of paper. A liquid solution containing a frothing agent is applied from the top of a froth flotation device, preferably in the form of a spray, to the upper surface or portion of an aqueous pulp slurry present in the device, or of a froth phase produced in the device, prior to or during the froth flotation process.

Abstract: Recycling of mixed wastepaper, including plastic coated paper and printed paper, is accomplished by repulping the wastepaper mixture to disperse paper fibers, ink and plastic components into a pulp medium. Contact with a deinking chemical causes attraction between the ink components to form larger ink particles. The ink is adsorped onto the plastic components to form ink/plastic clusters which are removed to produce a substantially ink and plastic free pulp medium. Recycled paper products with improved strength comprising paper fibers from pulp medium produced in accordance with the method of the invention are also provided.

Abstract: A nonionic surfactant having cyclic 1,3-dioxane and/or 1,3-dioxolane functionality which is irreversibly splittable by lowering the pH of its aqueous solution is useful in various processes requiring the removal of emulsified hydrophobic contaminants or other hydrophobic materials from an aqueous stream. After splitting of the surfactant into its component ketone and polyol, the hydrophobic components phase-separate and can be removed from the aqueous stream by routine means.