Abstract: A superalloy disk to be utilized for a rotating body of an aircraft or turbine engine is manufactured by a casting mold provided with a cavity having an inner shape for forming a disk. A molten bath of superalloy melted under a vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere is poured into the casting mold under a vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere and the casting mold with the molten bath is stirred so as to prepare a rough casting of fine crystal grains by applying an external force such as an eccentric centrifugal force. The thus produced disk material may be heated thereafter. The rough casting is formed of crystal grains less than 100 .mu.m in diameter, and a rate of strain during the rotational forging is less than 10.sup.0 /sec. amd more than 10.sup.-2 /sec.

Abstract: A process for the casting of shaped objects by subjecting a mould to a centrifugal acceleration directed to the bottom of the mould and introducing a molten pure metal or alloy into the mould, wherein a dispersed filler is placed before adding the melt, which filler is retained immovably during the addition of the melt by using a cover plate.

Abstract: A spherically-shaped piston is rigidly attached to a connecting rod for reciprocating and tilting motion within a borehole in response to rotation of a crankshaft having an associated crank which is rotatably attached to the connecting rod. Web and ribs and ridges integrally formed on the hollow, underside of the piston control thermal transfer and deformation to assure continuous perimeter seal with the walls of the borehole over all operating temperatures as the piston sides and tilts within the borehole.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of engineering components wherein the process comprises filling a die cavity within a die assembly with molten metal by utilizing centrifugal force, the die cavity being rotated about an axis remote from the actual component cavity at a rotational velocity sufficient to produce an acceleration of at least 200`g` on the molten metal in the die cavity. The production of a piston having a fibrous reinforcing insert is described.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for forming a thermally activated pressure relief valve which is designed to be attached to a pressure vessel. The valve contains a body having an inlet and an outlet in fluid communication with each other and an insert having a helical groove formed about its outer periphery. The method includes securing the insert in the outlet such that the helical groove cooperates with the body to form a helical passageway. A molten fusible material is then introduced into one end of the helical passageway. A force is exerted on the material to cause it to move through the helical passageway and displace any trapped air, gas or foreign matter which might be present therein. Once the material completely fills the passageway, it is allowed to cool and solidify. This method is advantageous in producing a safety relief valve which can operate at higher service pressures and temperatures over an extended period of time.

Abstract: A heavy wall monolithic iron pipe comprises nodular graphite in the outer portion of its wall and flake or quasi-flake graphite in the inner portion of its wall and a method for making the pipe. The central portion of the wall of the pipe may be a combination of nodular graphite and flake or quasi-flake graphite.

Abstract: Metal material is melted by moving the magnetic flux of electromagnets virtually perpendicular to an arc column to apply Lorentz force to the arc column and the metal material so that the arc column can move over the metal material surface. The movement direction and speed of the arc column are determined by detecting the arc voltage of the arc column. Feed back control is performed by comparing the obtained detection data with preset data so that optimum control is performed, and the molten metal is poured into a casting mold.

Abstract: A centrifugal casting device adapted to mold and cast a casting material melted by a casting material melting means, by the centrifugal force of a rotary arm, in a mold disposed on the centrifugal side of the arm through a casting crucible disposed at one end of the arm, in which device the melting means is designed to move outside the path of rotation of the arm at least when the arm is rotated so as to reduce the force of rotation of the arm to thereby increase efficiency of casting. And also a centrifugal casting device having the above features in which device the righting reaction of a charged compression spring is used as the driving force of the rotary arm and further included a clutch member and sensors so that the rotary arm stops as soon as possible at the end of casting and returns automatically to its normal position after stopping so as to be ready for the next step of casting and so as to automatically keep the force of rotation of the arm invariably constant.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein an embodiment of a vacuum centrifuge device for employment for filling cavities in material or in bodies such as, for example in ceramic multi-layer capacitors, with molten material, for example, metal.A chamber (12) in the device includes an outlet opening for the molten material, fashioned as a flow throttle (16), which is dimensioned, such that a dynamic pressure acting on all sides arises for a prescribed time span in the molten material (20) situated in the chamber (12) of the device, this dynamic pressure leading to the filling (of the cavities) in the material or in the bodies (15).

Abstract: A centrifugal injection machine comprises a rotor arm bearing at each of a pair of free ends a pivotably mounted container. A holder which retains a multiplicity of workpieces is insertable into a capsule or cavity within each container. The rotary arm contains a reservoir associated with each container or liquifying a charge of material. Upon rotation of the machine at a high velocity, the liquified material is transferred from the reservoir to the container in a vacuum and is pressurized therein as a result of centripetal acceleration. Upon the termination of a predetermined interval, a trip mechanism is activated to rotate the containers so that the molten liquid which has not been injected under pressure into recesses in the workpieces is ejected or discharged from the containers. The containers rotate within a vacuum chamber which is depressurized prior to the centrifuge operation.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a ceramic turbine ring rigid with an annular metallic carrier, which includes the steps of (a) moulding a ceramic member in a predetermined shape, (b) locating the ceramic member produced in step (a) and an annular cavity of a channel which defines a mould; (c) rotating the mould and moulding under centrifugal action a metallic material around the ceramic member, the rotation continuing until the metallic member has solidified; (d) demoulding the ceramic turbine ring part and its carrier produced in step (c) by disassembling the mould; and (e) machining the part produced by step (d) to produce the turbine ring.

Abstract: Reduction of porosity and control of graphitization in the centrifugal casting of tubular metal articles are achieved providing on the active surface of a metal mold by a densified and contoured lining of binderless particulate refractory material, at least 20% by weight of the particles in all of the lining being angular particles, at least 25% by weight of the particles in that portion of the lining in contact with the metal mold having predetermined particles size and/or thermal conductivity. The lining may comprise both a primary layer, formed of particles having good thermal conductivity and/or a relatively larger particle size, and a facing layer formed, e.g., of a milled refractory flour.

Abstract: In the centrifugal casting of iron pipes, molten metal from a tilt ladle 13 is supplied to an inclined pour trough or channel 14 whose outlet nose 16 is relatively axially movable within a rotating mold 3. To compensate for the reduction in the hydrostatic thrust of the molten metal in the pour channel when the metal supply is terminated near the end of the casting operation, the inclination of the channel 14 is gradually increased to thereby maintain a constant flow rate at the nose 16. Further, to compensate for the reduction of the height of fall due to the tilting of the pour channel and the attendant lowering of the downwardly sloping nose, the point of articulation 22 of the channel 14 within the mold is also raised in synchronism with the increased tilting of the channel.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for establishing a layer of particulate material on at least a portion of the internal surface of a centrifugal casting mold by confining a quantity of the particulate material in a cavity, inserting the cavity into the mold, rotating the mold and the cavity at substantially the same rate adequate to apply substantial centrifugal force to the particulate material in the cavity, and opening the cavity to release the particulate material while continuing to rotate the mold and the cavity.

Abstract: A method for centrifugal casting involves mold rotation below the mean rotation speed during the casting and thereafter periodically varying the mold rotating speed so as to cause stirring throughout the wall thickness of the melt centrifugally held in the mold. This avoids the formation of snakes and blisters in the cast shape.

Abstract: The mold is rotated during casting while projecting at least one traveling magnetic stirring field tangentially into the melt so as to rotate melt to the mold speed.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for manufacturing a hollow curved member, especially a curved pipe as well as the curved member or pipe produced by the method and apparatus. A blank is formed by rotating fluid material in a mold having a toroidal cavity about an axis displaced a predetermined distance from the mean longitudinal axis of the cavity and solidifying the fluid material. The blank is removed from the mold and a toroidal inner surface is machined into the blank so as to provide a passageway therethrough. In the preferred embodiment, the toroidal cavity is circular in cross-section and has a circular arcuate axis and the inner surface is machined into the blank coaxial with the outer surface of the blank.

Abstract: A connecting rod for a radial piston motor including a spherical surface portion, a rod portion and a pad portion having a sliding surface. The spherical surface portion, rod portion and pad portion are formed integrally, and the sliding surface has a bearing alloy attached to its surface by centrifugal casting. An overlay may be provided on the bearing alloy. The connecting rod is produced in a mass production basis by a method including the steps of integrally forming a star-shape cylindrical monolithic blank (18) having a single cylindrical centrally located axial opening and bearing six equally spaced outwardly radiating rod portions (2), each rod portion bearing an integral, substantially spherical surface portion (1) on its distal end; attaching a bearing alloy by centrifugal casting, to the centrally located axial opening in said blank (18); machining the surface of the bearing alloy; and dividing the blank into six pieces constituting six connecting rods.

Abstract: A front loading spin caster for spin casting a mold includes a vertically stationary top plate, a vertical movable bottom plate, a housing in which the top and bottom plates are disposed, a loading door disposed on one of the sides of the housing and adapted to allow the mold to be moved therethrough in a generally horizontal direction and placed on the bottom plate. The bottom plate can then be moved vertically upward to cause the mold to contact the top plate and a rotational force applied to the top plate propagates from the top plate through the mold to the bottom plate, the top plate, bottom plate and mold thus rotating together.

Abstract: Equipment (3) for centrifugal casting from a crucible (5) into a mold (8) is modified by the addition of agitation means (19) movable relative to the crucible (5) and a heating furnace (30) which is movable relative to the mold (8) in order to heat the latter, before casting, to a temperature close to that of the alloy in the thixotropic state.

Abstract: The cast tube (T) is subjected internally in a chill-mould (1) to the uniform spraying of water from 1000.degree. C. approximately to 350.degree. C. approximately. Then it is extracted from the chill-mould and in a furnace is subjected to isothermal bainitization maintenance, after which it is cooled in the atmosphere to ambient temperature. Without it being necessary to add expensive chilling elements, one thus obtains lightened tubes having very good mechanical properties and the ovalization of which remains acceptable.

Abstract: The invention provides a pipe or similar tubular member of ductile cast iron having an end casing. The thin walled casing has a curved profile at its entrance divided into two sections, of which one is formed by centrifugal casting, whereas the other, of lesser curvature, is made by hot or cold forming with a simultaneous axial compression and a radial bending directed towards the axis of the pipe. The invention is useful for forming fluid tight seals in pipelines using radial compression packings.

Abstract: A connecting rod for a radial piston motor including a spherical surface portion, a rod portion and a pad portion having a sliding surface. The spherical surface portion, rod portion and pad portion are formed integrally, and the sliding surface has a bearing alloy attached to its surface by centrifugal casting. An overlay may be provided on the bearing alloy. The connecting rod is produced in a mass production basis by a method including the steps of integrally forming the spherical surface portion, rod portion and pad portion into a blank, assembling a plurality of such blanks in ring form and welding them together at joints into a single blank, machining the sliding surface of the pad portion of the blank, attaching a bearing alloy by centrifugal casting to the sliding surface of the pad portion, machining the surface of the bearing alloy, and dividing the blank at the joints into a plurality of pieces constituting a plurality of connecting rods.

Abstract: A centrifugal casting apparatus comprises a mold mounted for rotation about the vertical axis thereof and having a bottom provided with a through axial opening. A member having a helicoidally shaped surface is axially mounted within the opening in the bottom. The member has a lower portion to be immersed into a melt and extending out of the opening and downwardly of said bottom of the mold. The mold and the member are connected with a rotation drive and a vertical motion drive.

Abstract: A centrifugal casting high in an easily oxidized element achieved by casting a high melting point metal on to an easily oxidized metal of lower melting point. The desirable distribution of the oxidizable element through the cross section of a casting is achieved relying on the basic effect of centrifugal separation.

Abstract: A method of manufacture of novel light-weight pistons of aluminum forgings with an integral iron insert ring by fusion welding is described. The aluminum piston forging is provided with a configuration adapted to receive the iron insert ring which may be coated to provide an inter-metallic joining alloy. The configured piston forging is placed in a mold, the ring is positioned in the configuration. The mold is rotated and molten alloy is introduced at an angle to deoxidize the forging and the ring, sweep the oxides to non-critical areas of the mold and to join the forging to the ring upon cooling to form a fusion weld.

Abstract: A mold facing for producing a gas-permeable, non-gassing and, in view of its small thickness and its porosity, heat-conductive cladding of a centrifugal ingot mold for copper and its alloy contains pulverulent material in a dispersing agent, particularly water, evaporating without residue. The pulverulent material has titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) as the main constituent or the sole constituent, preferable with an average particle sizes of about 15 .mu.m. A process for cladding a centrifugal ingot mold by using such a mold facing contemplates at first preheating the mold and subsequently applying the mold facing by spraying to the inner wall of the centrifugal ingot mold rotating around its axis in form of a suspension free of binding agents and surface active agents as a thin layer of, as far as possible, uniform thickness of preferably 0.1 to 0.3 mm and subsequently evaporating the dispersing sheet of the mold facing without leaving any residue for obtaining a porous layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making metal tubes (12) by centrifugally casting muffs (12) in a rotating mold (10), the inner diameter of which is tapered, having a smaller diameter at the pouring end (14) and a larger diameter at the non-pouring end. The outer diameter of the resulting muff is then machined (30) to form a cylindrical member of uniform diameter along its entire length. The inner diameter is also machined (28) smooth, and the finished muff is then reduced (32,34) in diameter and wall thickness to make a long tube (12).

Abstract: A centrifugal-casting machine includes a rotatable subassembly that has a generally planar support plate extending perpendicularly to the axis of rotation and a generally cylindrical shield portion extending from the periphery of the support plate. The shield rotates with the rotatable subassembly. A handle means slides in a track on the support plate and has a handle portion and a catch portion. In one position of the handle means, the catch portion engages a stop portion of the base in which the rotatable subassembly is journaled, and in the other position the catch portion does not engage the stop portion, so the rotatable subassembly can rotate freely. Winding, locking, and release can thereby all be effected by manipulation of the handle portion of the handle means.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for centrifugal casting in which the support for the rotating permanent or semi-permanent molds is so constructed and arranged as to insure long life for the bearings which support the rotating parts of the mechanism. Also, the construction permits the rotating molds to be substantially enclosed by a housing so that water may be sprayed down onto the units during the casting operation without at the same time spraying the bearings or otherwise wetting the portions of the machinery required to be kept dry. Still further, the improved casting device comprises essentially three supporting shafts, one of which may be driven, so relatively located as to simultaneously support for rotating two molds, whereby two castings may be made from a supporting and driving shaft system powered by a single motor or the like.

Abstract: The present invention is intended for the production of long, large diameter tubular blanks (over 5 m in length and over 800 mm in diameter). According to the method, positive pressure of an inert gas is created inside a spinning mold and maintained there in the process of pouring molten metal thereinto. That provides for the equal speeds of the mold rotation and the metal movement within the mold, and thereby promotes the production of tubular blanks with a uniform structure.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of casting metal in a rotary mould or die under the protection of an inertizing atmosphere formed by a liquefied gas. In the mould or die, successive casting operations are performed with different metals while maintaining an infeed of liquefied gas during each of these casting operations and while the metal involved is solidifying, until an end product is obtained which is formed from a plurality of layers of different metals. The invention is applicable in particular, but not exclusively, to the production of centrifugally cast tubes and rolling-mill rolls.

Abstract: A process for applying a coating to a centrifugal casting mold for casting copper or alloys thereof in which prior to introducing the molten metal into the mold, an aqueous suspension of powdery material is introduced into the mold and applied on the internal surface thereof in the form of a thin layer. The constituent components of the suspension are zirconium oxide (ZrO.sub.2) and an inorganic binder material, preferably non-sintered alumina (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3), so that a heat-conductive and gas-permeable layer is formed on the surface of the mold.

Abstract: A pile driving ram for driving piles into subaqueous ground, during which a heavy piston operating as a hammer is each time lifted by fuel explosion in a cylinder, comprises a considerable and expensive cylinder piece, which has inlet and outlet ports and which comprises at least two guide girdles for supporting guide members co-operating with at least one guide stay of a guide frame. In order to increase the lifetime of the cylinder piece, the core is moulded from precious steel according to the fling moulding method.

Abstract: Tubular metal articles are produced by centrifugal casting in a rotary metal mold lined by centrifugally distributing a quantity of a dry finely particulate free flowing refractory material on the active mold surface with the quantity being in excess of that required for the lining, densifying the layer by rotating the mold at a rate such that the refractory layer is subjected to centrifugal force adequate to establish an equivalent specific gravity of at least 7.5, determined by multiplying the actual specific gravity of the refractory material by the number of gravities of centrifugal force, contouring the densified layer and removing the excess refractory material, rotating the mold at the casting rate and then introducing the molten metal for casting while continuing to rotate the mold at least that rate. Articles so cast have relatively smooth outer surfaces which require only finish machining.

Abstract: A lined bearing is made by tinning at least the radially inner surface of a bearing ring, providing an atmosphere of water vapour adjacent the tinned surface to which a flux is also supplied, and centrifugally casting on the lining material. Tinning can be achieved by applying a slurry of tin powder in a flux solution, e.g. an aqueous zinc chloride solution, followed by heating at least to a tinning temperature. Further flux solution can be sprayed onto the hot tinned surface in the centrifugal casting machine to form the desired atmosphere and to disperse the flux as fine particles. Quenching by spraying on cold water preferably commences immediately after casting of the white metal or other lining material begins.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for feeding an inoculating or nucleating agent or particle to a trough of a pipe casting apparatus or beneath the surface of molten metal within a ladle. In particular, the agents are introduced by a hopper into a sealed chamber by selectively actuatable valves. A gas compatible with the agent to be used in the casting process, is introduced into the sealed chamber, whereby a relatively low pressure is established therein. An agent feeder, such as a vibratory feeder, is provided for directing a measured charge of the agent into a funnel leading to an outlet conduit. The pressure established within the chamber forces the agent through the conduit which is in turn connected to a delivery tube by which the agent is used to coat the mold surface directly or is fed into a stream of metal in a centrifugal tube casting apparatus. An outlet valve in the outlet tube is provided for selectively permitting the passage of the agent and gas mixture to the casting apparatus.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing long tubular blooms, generally having a length to diameter ratio in excess of 20:1 in which molten material is rapidly poured into a chill mould whose axis is transverse to the horizontal, sealing the mould and immediately tilting the mould to a generally horizontal axial position while rotating about its axis, inserting a mandrel axially of the viscous center axis of the material and processing the material around the mandrel to form a tube after which the mandrel is removed.

Abstract: A centrifugal casting machine includes a plurality of split centrifugal molds which are successively brought to a casting station in which the molds are closed, clamped together and rotated rapidly while molten metal is fed through a central sprue to mold cavities therein. For feeding the molten metal, a vacuum chamber is provided at the casting station above the mold, and a feed pipe leading to a reservoir of molten metal extends into the vacuum chamber through a nozzle which discharges into a funnel communicating with the central sprue of the mold. Means are provided to create a vacuum condition within the vacuum chamber, the funnel, nozzle and the mold cavities when the mold is closed and clamped, whereby the molten metal is drawn by a siphoning action through the feed pipe and discharged from the nozzle into the mold cavities. The feed flow of the molten metal is accomplished solely by the vacuum condition which is timed to feed a selected charge of molten metal to the mold cavities.

Abstract: A method of constructing a model tree structure and the article resulting therefrom constitute the present invention. First a full three-dimensional pattern is constructed from wire and tin-lead. The pattern is then partially flattened and placed in a rubber mold. The mold is filled in around the pattern with rubber and the entire mold with the pattern in place is heated to vulcanize the rubber and form a mold cavity conforming to the configuration of the pattern. A casting metal is provided which preferably is at least 98% lead. Up to 2% antimony may be added to increase flow characteristics. It is also permissible to include a quantity of tin. The part is cast in the mold using centrifugal casting techniques. After the part has solidified and been removed from the mold it is bent into full three-dimensional form corresponding generally to the initial shape of the pattern.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for casting steel slugs which utilizes a measured charge of molten steel discharged centrally of a rotating table having radial channels to distribute the metal rapidly to circumferentially-spaced, individual, trunnion-mounted receptacles at the end of each channel. The receptacles are designed to have a center of gravity outside the trunnion axis when empty, and inside the trunnion axis when charged. After a predetermined cooling period, a mechanical latch release allows the rotating, loaded receptacles to dump radially to a suitable conveyor and the cycle may be repeated.

Abstract: A system for centrifugal casting of induction melted metal includes a crucible and a porous mold secured to a casting arm. The casting arm is secured to a hollow rotatable shaft which includes two separate fluid channels extending axially therethrough. The shaft is supported on a rotary valve which provides separate flow communication with each flow channel. One flow channel provides pressurized argon to the crucible to prevent oxide formation during casting. The other channel provides a vacuum to the exterior of the mold to draw gasses out of the metal, aid in the argon flow into the mold, and to augment the centrifugal flow of the molten metal into the mold.

Abstract: Aluminum is produced from low-grade aluminum alloys by melting an Al-X alloy wherein X has a higher specific weight than aluminum and forms an eutectic mixture rich in aluminum, the starting melt being on the side of the eutectic mixture rich in aluminum, and radially cooling the melt from the inside to the outside while under the effect of centrifugal force.

Abstract: A method characterized in that the material for a tube product is a Thermit mixture in powder form incorporating at least one metal oxide and its reducer, wherein the mixture is ignited while a cylindrical part is set spinning, which is continued until a liquid melt of the mixture is separated into a metal layer and a layer of corundum which eventually crystallize so that a twin-layer tube product is formed. The invention suggests a number of additional, optional method steps.

Abstract: A method of forming the core tube of an electro-magnetic solenoid comprises forming and positioning the end portions of the core tube and centrifugally casting the non-magnetic intermediate portion of the core tube.

Abstract: Method and manufacture are provided for preparing a reticulated foam structure by: investing an organic reticulated foam structure with an inorganic composition, which composition is inert under the conditions for forming the reticulated structure; allowing the inorganic suspension to set to form an investment; removing the organic reticulated foam structure; filling the voids of the investment with a fluid composition to form a reticulated casting; and dissolving the investment so as to leave a reticulated foam structure casting.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for casting rollers having an external cylindrical surface defined by firmly-held carbide particles. As disclosed, a cylindrical mold is revolved about a central horizontal axis and heavy, tungsten-carbide particles are released within the mold to accumulate as a layer on the internal cylindrical surface of the mold. Molten metal of specific characteristics is injected into the mold; being lighter does not displace the particles at the mold surface yet forces and characteristics are such that the metal wets the particles and fills the interstices therebetween to provide an effective matrix upon solidification. Heat treatment overcomes the problem attendant the inherent rapid cooling, after which the metal may be machined.

Abstract: Tubular metal articles are produced by centrifugal casting in a rotary metal mold lined by centrifugally distributing a quantity of a dry finely particulate free flowing refractory material on the active mold surface with the quantity being in excess of that required for the lining, densifying the layer by rotating the mold at a rate such that the refractory layer is subjected to centrifugal force adequate to establish an equivalent specific gravity of at least 7.5, determined by multiplying the actual specific gravity of the refractory material by the number of gravities of centrifugal force, contouring the densified layer and removing the excess refractory material, rotating the mold at the casting rate and then introducing the molten metal for casting while continuing to rotate the mold at least that rate. Articles so cast have relatively smooth outer surfaces which require only finish machining.