Abstract: This invention discloses an L,R,C method and equipment for casting amorphous, ultracrystallite and crystallite metal slabs or other shaped metals. A workroom (8) with a constant temperature of tb=?190° C. and a constant pressure of pb=1 bar, and liquid nitrogen of ?190° C. and 1.877 bar is used as a cold source for cooling the casting blank. A liquid nitrogen ejector (5) ejects said liquid nitrogen to the surface of ferrous or non-ferrous metallic slabs or other shaped metals (7) with various ejection quantity v and various jet velocity k. Ejected liquid nitrogen comes into contact with the casting blank at cross section c shown in FIG. 2. This method adopts ultra thin film ejection technology, with a constant thickness of said film at 2 mm and ejection speed Kmax of said liquid nitrogen at 30 m/s.

Abstract: This invention discloses an L,R,C method and equipment for casting amorphous, ultracrystallite and crystallite metal slabs or other shaped metals. A workroom (8) with a constant temperature of tb=?190° C. and a constant pressure of pb=1 bar, and liquid nitrogen of ?190° C. and 1.877 bar is used as a cold source for cooling the casting blank. A liquid nitrogen ejector (5) ejects said liquid nitrogen to the surface of ferrous or non-ferrous metallic slabs or other shaped metals (7) with various ejection quantity v and various jet velocity k. Ejected liquid nitrogen comes into contact with the casting blank at cross section c shown in FIG. 2. This method adopts ultra thin film ejection technology, with a constant thickness of said film at 2 mm and ejection speed Kmax of said liquid nitrogen at 30 m/s.

Abstract: Method and apparatus employing a casting mould including a liquid feed end for supplying the casting mould with molten second alloy and an exit end with an outlet for casting molten second alloy downwardly. While continuously moving the mould and an elongated solid first alloy substrate relative to one another, casting molten second alloy passes downwardly through at least one outlet of the mould onto an upper surface of the substrate at a temperature wherein the substrate locally at least partly remelts beginning at a reference point of a remelting zone and mixes at least partly with molten second alloy to form an alloy pool. After remelting the molten alloy pool continuously cools and solidifies at a location away from the reference point and joins the substrate to form composite ingot including at least two separately formed layers of one or more alloys before discharging from the mould.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for the casting of a composite metal ingot having two or more separately formed layers of one or more alloys. An open ended annular mould is provided having a divider wall dividing a feed end of the mould into at least two separate feed chambers. For each pair of adjacent feed chambers, a first alloy stream is fed through one of the pair of feed chambers into the mould and a second alloy stream is fed through another of the feed chambers. A self-supporting surface is generated on the surface of the first alloy stream and the second alloy stream is contacted with the first stream. By carefully selecting conditions and positions where the alloy streams meet, a composite metal ingot is formed in which the alloy layers are mutually attached with a substantially continuous metallurgical bond.

Abstract: To provide a manufacturing apparatus that is capable of manufacturing metal-ceramic composite members in various shapes with high productivity, and a mold member and a manufacturing method therefore. An apparatus for manufacturing a metal-ceramic composite member was made, the apparatus including: a plurality of process regions, namely, an atmosphere replacing/heating part 11, a molten metal push-out part 21, and a cooling part 31; and a guide 48 for allowing a mold to pass through these plural process regions, molds 60 having ceramic members 86 placed therein are successively inserted into a mold inlet 43 provided in this guide 48 to pass through the guide 48 practically in a shielded state from the atmosphere, a molten metal 53 is poured thereto in the molten-metal push-out part 21, and the molten metal 53 is cooled and solidified in the cooling part 31 to join a metal and a ceramic, thereby manufacturing the metal-ceramic composite member.

Abstract: Apparatus and method of co-casting metal ingots in direct-chill casting apparatus. The apparatus and method employs at least one divider (divider member or divider wall) that separates a casting mold into two or more chambers for receiving molten metal that is combined into a single ingot. The divider may be moved, angled and/or flexed during casting to produce ingots that are designed primarily for rolling into thin plate or sheet. The ingot has at least one outer layer that is thicker adjacent to the side (width) edges than in the center, and/or thicker adjacent to the butt or head regions. This compensates for wiping of the outer layer from the ingot core during rolling. Also, the divider may be outwardly bowed outwardly towards one of the mold walls during the casting run.

Abstract: Method and apparatus employing a casting mould including a liquid feed end for supplying the casting mould with molten second alloy and an exit end with an outlet for casting molten second alloy downwardly. While continuously moving the mould and an elongated solid first alloy substrate relative to one another casting molten second alloy passes downwardly through at least one outlet of the mould onto an upper surface of the substrate at a temperature wherein the substrate locally at least partly remelts beginning at a reference point of a remelting zone and mixes at least partly with molten second alloy to form an alloy pool. After remelting the molten alloy pool continuously cools and solidifies at a location away from the reference point and joins the substrate to form composite ingot including at least two separately formed layers of one or more alloys before discharging from the mould.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for casting metals in a DC mold to form an ingot or product having at least two layers formed by sequential solidification. The apparatus has at least one cooled divider wall at the entry end portion of the mold to divide the entry end portion into at least two feed chambers. Metal is fed to the chambers to form an inner layer and at least one outer layer. The divider wall has a metal-contacting surface for contacting the metal for the at least one outer layer, the surface being arranged at an angle to the vertical sloping away from the metal for the outer layer in a downward direction. The angle increases at positions on the divider wall spaced from a central section of the wall approaching each longitudinal end thereof. The apparatus is suitable for casting a metal having a high coefficient of contraction as an inner layer or core ingot, e.g. a high-Mg or high-Zn aluminum alloy, or metal combinations having a large difference in their coefficients of contraction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the production of long lengths of continuous-fiber metal matrix composite prepeg ribbon or tape. The tape or ribbon is produced by bringing together multiple fiber tows into a formed bundle of fibers and infiltrating the bundle with metal using a continuous pultrusion process. Pultrusion is a preferred method of tape or ribbon manufacture since it places the fibers in tension during manufacture and avoids subsequent issues associated with buckling stress.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous casting plant (1) including at least one continuous casting section, optionally, at least one reducing unit, at least one separation device, and one or more devices (3) for tempering the strip. In order to increase the production of such casting plants and to expand to-be-conveyed goods, it is proposed that at least one rolling line is arranged parallel to the continuous casting plant (1) with means (10, 10?) for inwardly transferring different slab formats into the line of the continuous casting plant (1).

Abstract: A method is described for producing a stratified composite material, with a melt of a layer material being cast progressively in a forward feed direction onto a strip-like metal carrier which is heated to a treatment temperature required for the bonding with the layer material and is cooled below the melting temperature after the casting via the metal carrier. In order to provide advantageous casting conditions it is proposed that the metal carrier is heated continuously with a temperature profile prior to the casting of the melt of the layer material in the forward feed direction, which temperature profile decreases towards lower temperatures from a maximum temperature below the treatment temperature in the region of a surface layer receiving the melt towards a core layer of the metal carrier, and that the metal carrier is heated in a surface layer by the melt to the treatment temperature upon casting of the melt which is overheated for this purpose.

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus capable of manufacturing metal-ceramic composite members in various shapes with high productivity, and a mold member and a manufacturing method therefor. An apparatus for manufacturing a metal-ceramic composite member has a plurality of process regions, namely, an atmosphere replacing/heating part, a molten metal push-out part, and a cooling part; and a guide for allowing a mold to pass through these plural process regions. The molds have ceramic members placed therein and are successively inserted into a mold inlet provided in the guide to pass through the guide practically in a shielded state from the atmosphere. A molten metal is poured thereto in the molten-metal push-out part, and the molten metal is cooled and solidified in the cooling part to join a metal and a ceramic, thereby manufacturing the metal-ceramic composite member.

Abstract: A method for the production of a layered metal slab by casting, which strip contains a central layer (2) and surface layers (3) on either side of it. The central layer (2) is introduced as a strip through a mould (4), into which is introduced molten metal (5), the mould (4) is cooled, whereupon a layered structure (1) is formed as the metal solidifies.

Abstract: A molten metal infiltrating method for infiltrating a linear material with a molten metal, wherein a linear material previously coated with a flux is used.

Abstract: A method of casting a multi-layered metal ingot including the steps of delivering a metallic divider member into a direct chill mold, pouring a first molten metal into the mold on one side of the divider member, and pouring a second molten metal into the mold on the other side of the divider member, and allowing the first molten metal and the second molten metal solidify to form a metal ingot which includes the divider metal layer disposed there between.

Abstract: An apparatus for casting molten metal onto a moving strip of material includes a stationary die having upstream and downstream portions with a casting portion, past which the strip of material is capable of being moved. The casting portion has a casting channel extending from the upstream portion through the downstream portion for facing the moving strip to contain and shape the molten metal into a profile against the moving strip. A heating arrangement heats the upstream portion of the stationary die to prevent the molten metal from solidifying within the casting channel at the upstream portion, thereby allowing the molten metal to fill the casting channel. The casting channel at the downstream portion allows the molten metal to cool while passing therethrough to solidify sufficiently to retain the shape of the casting channel when exiting the stationary die.

Abstract: A process for connecting at least two components, particularly body components of motor vehicles, wherein the first component has an undercut on a side facing the second component. In the area of the undercut, a connection piece is cast to the first component. The connection piece is designed such that, during its solidification, the connection piece is firmly connected with the first component by the contraction of a last-solidifying core area of the connection piece. Then the second component is mounted on the connection piece.

Abstract: An apparatus for casting molten metal onto a moving strip of material includes a stationary die having upstream and downstream portions with a casting portion, past which the strip of material is capable of being moved. The casting portion has a casting channel extending from the upstream portion through the downstream portion for facing the moving strip to contain and shape the molten metal into a profile against the moving strip. A heating arrangement heats the upstream portion of the stationary die to prevent the molten metal from solidifying within the casting channel at the upstream portion, thereby allowing the molten metal to fill the casting channel. The casting channel at the downstream portion allows the molten metal to cool while passing therethrough to solidify sufficiently to retain the shape of the casting channel when exiting the stationary die.

Abstract: An apparatus for casting molten metal onto a moving strip of material includes a stationary die having upstream and downstream portions with a casting portion, past which the strip of material is capable of being moved. The casting portion has a casting channel extending from the upstream portion through the downstream portion for facing the moving strip to contain and shape the molten metal into a profile against the moving strip. A heating arrangement heats the upstream portion of the stationary die to prevent the molten metal from solidifying within the casting channel at the upstream portion, thereby allowing the molten metal to fill the casting channel. The casting channel at the downstream portion allows the molten metal to cool while passing therethrough to solidify sufficiently to retain the shape of the casting channel when exiting the stationary die.

Abstract: Improved targets for use in DC_magnetron sputtering of aluminum or like metals are disclosed for forming metallization films having low defect densities. Methods for manufacturing and using such targets are also disclosed. Conductivity anomalies such as those composed of metal oxide inclusions can induce arcing between the target surface and the plasma. The arcing can lead to production of excessive deposition material in the form of splats or blobs. Reducing the content of conductivity anomalies and strengthening the to-be-deposited material is seen to reduce production of such splats or blobs. Other splat limiting steps include smooth finishing of the target surface and low-stress ramp up of the plasma.

Abstract: A method for producing coated hot-rolled or cold-rolled products, particularly steel strip, and an apparatus for carrying out the method, wherein thin strip is cast especially by a travelling mold and the cast strip is guided on-line as a master strip into an inversion casting plant for strip coating, the surface of the coated strip is smoothed with rolls, and if necessary, the thickness of the coated and smoothed strip is reduced in a rolling process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus forproducing coated slabs of metal, particularly strips of steel, in which a metal slab is guided through the bottom of a vessel filled with molten metal having the same or different composition as the metal slab, wherein the dwell time of the metal slab is selected in dependence on the melting bath level, the casting speed, the metal slab thickness and the preheating temperature of the metal slab in such a way that the molten metal deposited on the metal slab has a desired thickness of a multiple of the initial thickness of the metal slab, and wherein the metal slab with the layer crystallized onto the metal slab is subjected to a smoothing pass after emerging from the melting bath. The smoothing pass is carried out when the surface temperature of the crystallized slab is smaller than the solidus temperature of the melting bath and, thus, at least the surface of the crystallized layer is solidified.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for producing metallic composite material in which there is applied to at least one side of a parent strand a material having different material characteristics. For this purpose, according to the invention, the parent strand is guided through a melt having the same material composition as the parent strand, wherein melt crystallizes on by inversion casting and, at a predefinable distance from the surface of the molten bath, a composite section is fed to the carrier section after it has exited from the molten bath, this composite section being welded with the surface of the carrier section. The invention is further directed to a device for carrying out the process.

Abstract: A system of gating orifices for continuous pressure infiltration processes eliminates blow-out of the pressurized molten metal matrix material and friction damage to the infiltrated perform. The system includes three or more orifices along a vertical path of an upwardly moving perform which passes from vacuum or atmospheric pressure into a pressurized infiltrating bath of molten metal, then into a pressurized atmosphere in which the matrix fully solidifies, and from there to an atmospheric environment. The entering orifice, at the bottom of the pressurized bath, is elongated in the direction of the perform movement to provide a temperature gradient from above the matrix material melting temperature at the bath to below the solidification temperature farthest from the bath. The resulting liquid-mushy-solid sequence of the matrix material forms a solidification seal to prevent blow out of the pressurized molten metal.

Abstract: A continuously cast strand is cut into elongated billets having ends and the billets are run through a rolling stand. after cutting the strand into billets and before rolling the billets one of the billets is engaged in the rolling stand and a trailing end of the one billet and a leading end of another billet are enclosed in a mold with the ends longitudinally spaced. This space between the ends is filled with molten metal in contact with the ends of the billets and the molten metal is hardened to interconnect the billet ends. Then the mold is removed from around the billet ends. The molten metal is of substantially the same composition as the billets. Furthermore the one billet is advanced in a travel direction by means of the stand and the mold and the other billet are advanced synchronously with the one billet after enclosing the billet ends in the mold. The mold is removed from the billet ends before the hardened metal between the billet ends enters the rolling stand.

Abstract: An inversion casting vessel includes a melt-filled container with a hole in the floor through which a metal strip is drawn. As the strip is drawn through the container, crystallization of the melt on the metal strip occurs, thereby forming a metal strand. The hole in the floor is a slit shaped channel through which the strip is run in a low-contact manner. The container also includes a cooling device for cooling the melt in the area of the slit shaped channel. The cooling device maintains the temperature of the melt around the channel to create a two-phase field of the melt, one of the phases being crystal, making up 50%-90% of the two phase field. The metal strip first contacts the melt at the two-phase field of the melt as the strip is run through the melt container.

Abstract: A mother strip with a metallically pure surface is passed through a melt bath of a metal and whereby the coating is smoothed by rolling immediately after leaving the melt bath. The mother strip, having been preheated, to a temperature clearly above ambient temperature, especially above 200.degree. C., is introduced into the metal bath. The preheating is carried out by indirect heat exchange with the melt bath in an oxygen-free environment. The melt freshly supplied to the melt bath has an increased temperature in accordance with the heat lost due to preheating.

Abstract: An inversion casting device with a crystallizer which has a slit-shaped passage for guiding a substrate strip, this passage being arranged in the base and provided with a seal, and which communicates with a melt feed. A collecting tank is provided which passes horizontally about the crystallizer vessel so that the collecting tank communicates with nozzles (23) arranged in the region of the passage. The nozzle orifices are so arranged that the melt flowing out strikes the substrate strip at a flat angle of inclination .alpha. in the strip take-off direction.

Abstract: A method of making twin roll cast clad material includes producing a composite material using a liner stock produced by drag casting techniques. The drag cast liner stock can be directly used in a twin roll continuous casting process without additional process steps such as heat treatment, surface cleaning and/or rolling. The drag cast liner stock can be applied to one or both of the surfaces of the twin roll cast material to produce a composite material that is useful in a cast form or can be adapted for reduction by rolling processes or the like. The twin roll cast cladding process can utilize aluminum alloy core and cladding materials to form a brazing sheet from the as-cast composite material.

Abstract: A method for the direct casting of metallic material, such as steel, to produce elongated bodies (2) which can form blanks having a cross-section which corresponds relatively close to the cross-section of the intended products, in which method a metal melt (1'), while at least its outermost layer remains molten, is caused to run from an outlet gate (3) in a molten-metal container (1) and is collected subsequent to solidification. The melt (1') of molten metal which exits from the gate exits together with a metallic body (5) which has substantially the same melting point as the molten metal, this metallic body being passed through the gate (3), inserted into and moving with the molten metal and causes cooling of the molten metal (1') progressively. The metallic body thereby entrains the molten metal at substantially the same speed as the metallic body (5) in what is termed a boundary layer.

Abstract: The apparatus includes a molten material cladding apparatus comprising a crucible and a molten material dispensing tool engaged therewith. The crucible and molten material dispensing tool form a chamber to retain molten material, the molten material flowing through passageways in the molten material dispensing tool to form menisci in a bore thereof. An extrusion passing through the molten material dispensing tool punctures the menisci, wherein molten material flows through the molten material dispensing tool and clads the outer surface of the extruded product passing therethrough. By using menisci of molten material, a smooth surfaced, uniform thickness clad product is produced having a wide range of cladding thicknesses.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for the continuous casting of tubular shapes wherein molten metal from which the tubular shape is formed is centrifugally deposited adjacent to the outlet of a fluid-cooled mold by a nozzle assembly, with the metal being cooled and rapidly solidified by the mold to form a cylindrical shell upon which additional metal is deposited to incrementally build the thickness of the tubular shape. The tubular shape being formed is withdrawn continuously from the mold, and is further cooled by coolant directed thereon. The nozzle assembly may be rotated to discharge the molten metal or, alternatively, the mold may be rotated as the metal is deposited thereon. Single-layer tubular shapes, with or without reinforcing material, may be cast and multiple-layer composite shapes may be produced having layers of different material composition and thicknesses. An inert atmosphere is maintained to prevent oxidation of the molten metal.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for sequentially continuously casting molten steels of different compositional grades is provided using mechanical separators of particular configuration. Such separators or chill units have a geometric shape selected from the group of spheroids, ellipsoids, and polyhedra and can be easily used to shorten the time between pouring the different compositional grades as well as for improving product yield for the cast slab.

Abstract: The invention provides for a lowering of sheet stock into a mold for continuous casting. The rate of cooling of the molten metal as so fed within the mold is determined by a particular mass throughput in conjunction with the surface area being offered by the sheet stock as it is being lowered into the mold. That surface area in particular will be determined by providing more than one sheet to be run into the mold in parallel relationship. Of course the number of sheets may be determined by the laminate structure being desired. It is important that the casting of metal around the lowered sheet stock occurs outside of the range of feeding molten metal into the mold. This way it is avoided that the temperature in the mold is lowered to the point of "freezing" while on the other hand cooling is not unduly delayed.

Abstract: A composite metal sheet or plate is manufactured by completely immersing an assembly of parallel or substantially parallel metal core sheets in molten metal at a lower melting point than the metal of the core sheets, and after the molten metal has solidified reducing the thickness of the ingot by hot rolling in a direction generally normal to the planes of the core sheets. The method has a particularly useful but by no means exclusive application in the production of reinforced aluminium alloy sheets and plates.

Abstract: A method of plating a strip of a metal having a melting point and a mechanical resistance which are higher than those of aluminum. The metal strip which is to be plated onto the aluminum strip is interposed between the roll or rolls and the aluminum strip on at least one face of an aluminum strip by continuous casting between rolls and by use of a nozzle. The strip of plating metal contacts the roll at least over the portion between the generatrix closest to the end of the nozzle and the generatrix situated in the plane of the roll axes. The clearance between the nozzle and the plating metal strip applied to the roll is less than 1 mm and the elongation of the plating metal strip is greater than 1% and less than that of the solidified aluminum. The present method is used in the production of composite aluminum-copper or aluminum-stainless steel strips.

Abstract: Apparatus for a process of continuously casting and sizing metals by passing a metal core member through a container of molten metal to accrete and solidify the molten metal thereon, and passing the cast product through a series of pairs of counterpoised sizing rolls composed of a specific steel composition to consolidate and smooth the cast product; and a method of continuously casting and sizing metals.

Abstract: A method of the conversion of a heat of molten metal, especially steel, into a finished product forms a continuous primary strand of solidified metal from a heat and then applies one or more successive layers of molten metal from the same heat to one or both sides of the primary strand under conditions where the additional layers alloy or integrate with the primary strand, the composite strand, like the primary strand, being quickly solidified to develop throughout the body a fine grain structure characteristic of a thin layer of metal that quickly chills from a molten state.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use in continuously applying molten coating metal, such as in galvanizing or aluminizing to tubes, rods, wire or other work pieces passing through a metallic bath. The molten metal in a reservoir is discharged onto the tube or rod, the metal flowing around the tube or rod being controlled by a splash tube. The coating metal is progressively agitated and cooled within the splash tube, after which the tubing or rod is accurately centered to exit the splash tube with an even coating of the desired thickness, such coating being in a stable condition. The entire system is enclosed in an inert atmosphere eliminating the formation of "galvanizers' dross", oxides of aluminum, etc.