Abstract: An ejector of liquid material to form spherical particles includes a crucible for retaining liquid material, an orifice area defining at least one orifice, and an actuator responsive to a voltage signal for causing material to be ejected from the crucible through the orifice. A method comprises applying a voltage signal of a first type and a second type to the actuator, causing a material droplet of a first size and a second size to be ejected through the orifice. Alternately or in addition, the orifice area defines a first orifice having a first diameter and a second orifice having a second diameter different from the first diameter, whereby a signal causes a material droplet of a first size to be ejected through the first orifice and a material droplet of a second size to be ejected through the second orifice.

Abstract: A refractory ring structure for forming a section of an inner wall or liner of a metallurgical vessel is provided. The refractory ring structure comprises a continuous top surface; a continuous bottom surface; a continuous arcuate inner surface extending from the top surface to the bottom surface and defining a cavity; a continuous arcuate outer surface opposite the inner surface and extending between the top surface and the bottom surface; and a continuous protrusion or a plurality of protrusions extending from the inner surface for lifting the ring structure. The refractory ring structure comprises a heat resistant, refractory material suitable for use in the inner wall of a metallurgical vessel. Also provided herein are a metallurgical vessel comprising a refractory ring structure as disclosed herein, and a method for providing or replacing all or a section of a refractory inner wall or liner of a metallurgical vessel.

Abstract: A nozzle put into a molten metal in vertical upwards continuous casting for casting a cast product by pulling up the molten metal, the nozzle includes a nozzle body having an intake hole through which the molten metal is taken in and which is formed in a lateral surface of the nozzle body and a flange portion formed on lower side of the intake hole and projecting beyond the nozzle body.

Abstract: Methods of billet casting are provided herein. The methods may include the steps of assembling a billet caster with a shroud extending from a tundish to above a mold such that the shroud does not reach molten metal in the mold, delivering molten metal from a ladle into the tundish, delivering molten metal from the tundish through the shroud to the mold, the shroud inhibiting contact between the molten metal and air, casting the molten metal into billets in the mold and cooling the billets below the mold with a coolant spray, and delivering the cooled billet to a runout table to be cut to length.

Abstract: A ceramic refractory stopper, shaped as a rod with a total axial length LS, comprising a) a stopper body (12) of an axial length LB, a first end section (12U) of which being equipped with means to fasten the stopper body (12) to a raise and lowering device, and a second end section (12L) of which being followed by b) a dome-like stopper head (14) of an axial length LH, wherein c) the stopper body (12) features at least one outer planar surface section (P1, P2, P3), which extends along at least 50% of the axial length LB of the stopper body (12).

Abstract: An immersion-nozzle replacement apparatus includes a guide, and a pressing keyboard row. The guide supports two immersion nozzles, a foremost immersion nozzle and a rear immersion nozzle. The guide includes two rows supporting the immersion nozzles via the lower face in the flange. The pressing keyboard row, which is provided in the rows of the guide, includes first keyboards pressing the foremost immersion nozzle via the lower face in the flange. The immersion-nozzle replacement apparatus pushes out the foremost immersion nozzle horizontally with the rear immersion nozzle, and puts the rear immersion nozzle on the pressing keyboard rows. The guide further includes an additionally-pressing keyboard row following a rear end of the pressing keyboard rows, and including a second keyboard pressing the rear immersion nozzle via the lower face in the flange before pushing out the foremost immersion nozzle.

Abstract: A flat immersion nozzle stabilizes the discharging flow of molten steel thereby stabilizing the molten steel surface in a mold, namely, decreasing the fluctuation thereof. In the immersion nozzle having a flat shape in which a width Wn of an inner hole is greater than a thickness Tn of the inner hole, a central protrusion portion (1) is disposed in a center section of a wall surface in a width direction of a flat section. Wp/Wn, a ratio of a length Wp of the central protrusion portion in the width direction to Wn, is 0.2 or more and 0.7 or less. The central protrusion portion (1) is disposed symmetrically as a pair; and a total length Tp in the thickness direction of the pair of the central protrusion portions is 0.15 or more and 0.75 or less of Tn.

Abstract: A casting nozzle comprises an elongated body defined by an outer wall and comprising a bore defined by a bore wall and extending along a longitudinal axis, X1, from a bore inlet to a downstream bore end, said bore comprising two opposite side ports, each extending transversally to said longitudinal axis, X1, from an opening at the bore wall defining a port inlet adjacent to the downstream bore end, to an opening at the outer wall defining a port outlet which fluidly connects the bore with an outer atmosphere. Upstream from, and directly above each port inlet, one or two flow deflectors protrude out of the bore wall and extend from an upstream deflector end remote from the port inlet to a downstream deflector end close to the port inlet.

Abstract: A ladle shroud is fixed to a coupling device for reversibly coupling an inlet orifice of said ladle shroud to a collector nozzle fixed to the outside of a bottom floor of a ladle in a metal casting installation, by means of at least a first and second elongated latch pivotally mounted on a hinge, such that the latch can pivot from a fixing position to an idle position. The idle position of the latches allows the engagement of the ladle shroud into its casting configuration about the collector nozzle, and the fixing position of the latches engages catches provided on said latches into matching fasteners located on the gate frame holding the collector nozzle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy product including the steps of: creating a bath of liquid metal in an aluminum-copper-lithium alloy, casting said alloy by vertical semi-continuous casting so as to obtain a plate with thickness T and width W such that, during solidification, the hydrogen content of said liquid metal bath (1) is lower than 0.4 ml/100 g, the oxygen content above the liquid surface (14, 15) is less than 0.5% by volume.

Abstract: A tube exchange device for holding and replacing refractory nozzle comprises a frame with a casting opening. The frame is configured to be fixed to the lower side of a metal casting vessel. The frame is has an upper portion and a lower portion joining at a middle section plane in which an inner nozzle and an exchangeable pouring nozzle form a sliding contact. The lower portion of the frame contains a displacing element and a guiding element disposed for displacing and guiding the nozzle from a standby position to a casting position, and a pressing element pressing the nozzle at the casting position towards the upper portion of the frame. In a combination of the tube exchange device and a nozzle, the nozzle comprises bearing elements mating with the clamping elements of the tube exchange device.

Abstract: Continuous casting equipment for a flow of liquid metal from a tundish into a mold is provided. The equipment includes a vertical duct disposed upstream of the mold with respect to the direction of travel of the liquid metal. The duct includes from upstream to downstream a refractory ring, a copper tube with an internal diameter D and a submerged entry nozzle. A dome is disposed inside the refractory ring and includes a sloped upper part, the upper part is defined so as to deflect the liquid metal coming from the tundish towards the inner walls of the vertical duct. The diameter D of the copper tube ranges between a minimum diameter equal to Q/3.75 and a maximum diameter equal to Q/1.25, where Q is the nominal liquid metal flow rate of the equipment and is between 200 and 800 kg/min and D is the diameter expressed in mm.

Abstract: By controlling the temperature (TS) of a surface portion (11a) of an ingot (11) in a contact region (16) between a mold (2) and the ingot (11) and/or a passing heat flux (q) from the surface portion (11a) of the ingot (11) to the mold (2) in the contact region (16), the thickness (D) in the contact region (16) of a solidified shell (13) obtained by the solidification of molten metal (12) is brought into a predetermined range. Consequently, an ingot having a good casting surface state can be cast.

Abstract: A pour tube for casting molten metal is adapted to reduce turbulence and mold disturbances, thereby producing a more stable, uniform outflow. The pour tube includes a bore having a body in communication with an enlarged outlet portion. Exit ports in communication with the outlet portion have an offset design in which at least one wall of the exit port is tangent to a circle having a larger radius than the body of the bore.

Abstract: Continuous casting equipment for a flow of liquid metal from a tundish into a mould is provided. The equipment includes a vertical duct disposed upstream of the mould with respect to the direction of travel of the liquid metal. The duct includes from upstream to downstream a refractory ring, a copper tube with an internal diameter D and a submerged entry nozzle. A dome is disposed inside the refractory ring and includes a sloped upper part, the upper part is defined so as to deflect the liquid metal coming from the tundish towards the inner walls of the vertical duct. The diameter D of the copper tube ranges between a minimum diameter equal to Q/3.75 and a maximum diameter equal to Q/1.25, where Q is the nominal liquid metal flow rate of the equipment and is between 200 and 800 kg/min and D is the diameter expressed in mm.

Abstract: A refractory casting tube for a mould for continuously casting molten metal is provided with a top part (33) and a bottom part (35) which dips into the molten metal in the inner mould space (6) during the casting. A refractory deflection element (35) is integrated in the funnel-shaped or similarly shaped inlet (34) of the top part (33) and is shaped in such a manner that a fluid-dynamic dissipation is generated on the molten metal (21) during casting in said inlet (4, 34). The molten steel therefore flows into the mould roughly as a uniform flow with a homogeneous and stable distribution.

Abstract: A nozzle assembly, for a metal casting apparatus selected from a sliding gate and a tube exchange device, comprises a first refractory element comprising a first coupling surface which includes a first bore aperture, and a second refractory element comprising a second coupling surface, which includes a second bore aperture, the first and second elements being coupled to one another in a sliding translation relationship through their respective first and second coupling surfaces such that the first and second bore apertures can be brought into and out of registry to define, when in registry, a continuous bore for discharging molten metal from a molten metal inlet to a molten metal outlet of said nozzle assembly. A sealing member is provided between the first and second coupling surfaces of the first and second elements. The sealing member comprises a thermally intumescent material.

Abstract: In a twin roll continuous caster, the casting nozzle in the continuous casting apparatus is arranged such that the outlet passages and/or tapered walls in the main portion within the casting nozzle provide flow of molten metal downwardly converging toward the nip between the casting rolls of a twin roll caster. The casting nozzle having a reservoir portion for directing molten metal converging toward the triple point region to inhibit the washing of shells forming on the casting surfaces of the casting rolls.

Abstract: This invention discloses an L,R,C method and equipment for casting amorphous, ultracrystallite and crystallite metal slabs or other shaped metals. A workroom (8) with a constant temperature of tb=?190° C. and a constant pressure of pb=1 bar, and liquid nitrogen of ?190° C. and 1.877 bar is used as a cold source for cooling the casting blank. A liquid nitrogen ejector (5) ejects said liquid nitrogen to the surface of ferrous or non-ferrous metallic slabs or other shaped metals (7) with various ejection quantity v and various jet velocity k. Ejected liquid nitrogen comes into contact with the casting blank at cross section c shown in FIG. 2. This method adopts ultra thin film ejection technology, with a constant thickness of said film at 2 mm and ejection speed Kmax of said liquid nitrogen at 30 m/s.

Abstract: In a twin roll continuous caster, the casting nozzle in the continuous casting apparatus is arranged such that the outlet passages and/or tapered walls in the main portion within the casting nozzle provide flow of molten metal downwardly converging toward the nip between the casting rolls of a twin roll caster. The casting nozzle having a reservoir portion for directing molten metal converging toward the triple point region to inhibit the washing of shells forming on the casting surfaces of the casting rolls.

Abstract: A molten metal pouring nozzle capable of preventing reaction with a molten metal and casting a high quality ingot continuously for a long period of time is provided. A molten metal pouring nozzle 20 arranged between a molten metal receiving portion 10 and a mold 40 of a continuous casting device 1 is equipped with a main body portion 22 having at least one molten metal passage 21 and made of a fire-resistant substance, and a sleeve 23 made of a material which does not react with the molten metal and having a heat conductivity of 10 to 30 W/(m·° C.) is fitted in the molten metal passage 21 of the main body portion 22.

Abstract: A metal delivery apparatus for casting metal strip includes at least one elongated segment having a main portion extending longitudinally through the main portion with end walls at opposite ends thereof, the main portion communicating with outlets along opposite sides of each segment adapted to upwardly discharge flow of molten metal into a casting pool.

Abstract: A partial SEN capable of having flow diverter parts installed therein, and a method of using the SEN in a continuous casting system are disclosed. The partial SEN includes a hollow distribution zone at a bottom portion of the SEN which is designed to allow the installation of at least two different types of flow diverter parts, one type of flow diverter parts for a first type of caster mold, and a second type of flow diverter parts for a second type of caster mold. The design of the flow diverter parts and the resulting angles achieved when the flow diverter parts are installed in the partial SEN are matched to a caster mold such that the flow characteristics of molten steel exiting the SEN into the caster mold during continuous casting operation are of a desired and optimal nature to prevent various types of casting defects.

Abstract: A device that holds and replaces a casting plate in a continuous casting installation metallurgical vessel contains a detector-limit switch assembly that automatically moves a casting plate to the casting position or to the sealing position, depending on whether a replacement plate is on standby on the device or not. Casting plates used with the invention are provided with a metallic casing. The casting plates and metallic casing are configured to interact with the detector contained in the device.

Abstract: The invention relates to an immersion nozzle, for example of the kind used for continuously casting a metal melt.

Abstract: A continuous casting device capable of giving lubricating property to a molten metal pouring nozzle without increasing lubricating oil and performing casting with high casting surface quality for a long period of time is provided. In a continuous casting device 1 in which a molten metal pouring nozzle 20 is arranged between a molten metal receiving portion 10 and a mold 40, the molten metal pouring nozzle 20 is equipped with a cylindrical main body portion 22 made of a fire-resistant substance and having a molten metal passage 21, and an annular member 30 having self-lubricating property is arranged on a mold-side end face 23 of the main body portion 22 so as to surround the molten metal passage 21.

Abstract: A submerged nozzle has a lower part with a bottom and two outlet side channels above the bottom, and a skirt with a center fixed to the lower part of the nozzle above the outlet side channels. The skirt has two parallel flat surfaces each having side edges that are smoothly connected to each other by two respective cylindrical surfaces, the two outlet side channels being identical and lying along a common longitudinal axis making an acute angle with the parallel flat surfaces. A portion of the skirt is spaced apart from the nozzle to allow hot metal to flow in the space between the nozzle and the skirt.

Abstract: A method of casting metal strip and equipment therefor where an elongated metal delivery nozzle extending along in a continuous caster with at least one segment having a main portion adapted to deliver molten metal in the casting pool above the nip along the metal delivery nozzle and an end portion adjacent side dams having a reservoir portion with first and second pairs of passages adapted to deliver molten metal into a molten metal pool adjacent the side dams while shells are forming on the casting rolls. The first pair of passages adapted to deliver molten metal into the casting pool adjacent the side dams, and the second pair of passages adapted to deliver molten metal into the casting pool adjacent the molten metal from the first pair of passages adjacent the side dams to inhibit formation of skulls during the formation of the cast strip during a casting campaign.

Abstract: This invention discloses an L,R,C method and equipment for casting amorphous, ultracrystallite and crystallite metal slabs or other shaped metals. A workroom (8) with a constant temperature of tb=?190° C. and a constant pressure of pb=1 bar, and liquid nitrogen of ?190° C. and 1.877 bar is used as a cold source for cooling the casting blank. A liquid nitrogen ejector (5) ejects said liquid nitrogen to the surface of ferrous or non-ferrous metallic slabs or other shaped metals (7) with various ejection quantity v and various jet velocity k. Ejected liquid nitrogen comes into contact with the casting blank at cross section c shown in FIG. 2. This method adopts ultra thin film ejection technology, with a constant thickness of said film at 2 mm and ejection speed Kmax of said liquid nitrogen at 30 m/s.

Abstract: A device in connection with equipment for continuous or semi-continuous casting of metal, in particular direct mold (DC) casting of aluminum in the form of a billet or wire billet. The device includes a mold with a cavity or a mold (3) that is provided with an inlet connected, via supply channels (6, 18) and a distribution chamber (5), to a metal reservoir (13) and an outlet arranged in the mold with a support and devices for cooling the metal. In connection with the supply channels (6, 18) between the metal reservoir (13) and the molds (3), a metal lifting container (15) is arranged at an inlet (16) to the metal reservoir (13) via a channel (18) and to the distribution chamber (5) and the molds (3) via an outlet (17) via another channel (6).

Abstract: The invention relates to a casting nozzle for a horizontal strip casting system, in particular for casting steel strip, wherein the nozzle is designed as a narrow rectangular hollow block having a bottom, top and two side walls and made of refractory material, the outflow region being located only slightly above a cooled continuous belt receiving the outflowing melt. Viewed in the flow direction, it is provided that the clear cross-section of the hollow block in the outflow region reduces uniformly in the direction toward the outflow and the end face of the bottom of the hollow block is designed with respect to the surface of the continuous belt such that the melt contacts the continuous belt perpendicularly.

Abstract: In a continuous casting method, the outside surface of a continuous casting nozzle which supplies molten metal into a mold while immersed in the molten metal in the mold, is heated to 1000° C. or higher by a nozzle heating device comprising an external heater which performs radiant heating, while the molten metal passes through the continuous casting nozzle.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for casting a composite ingot made of metals that are susceptible to surface oxide formation when molten. The method involves co-casting at least two metal layers from at least two molten metal pools formed within a direct chill casting apparatus. During the casting operation, movement of metal oxide formed on the upper surface of at least one of the pools towards an edge of the pool is restrained by an oxide skimmer positioned close to an edge of the pool above an external surface or metal-metal interface of the ingot. The apparatus provides a DC caster with at least one oxide skimmer that operates in this manner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a casting nozzle for a horizontal strip casting system, especially for casting steel strip. The casting nozzle is connected to a feed channel and is designed as a rectangular refractory hollow block, the outlet region of which being only slightly above the cooled continuous belt which accommodates the outflowing melt. The hollow block is subdivided at least once in the direction of casting and a narrow sealing element is arranged on the partition side of the segments, the width of the remaining gaps in the partition area being selected as to close when the casting nozzle is operated.

Abstract: A casting element for a casting installation for transferring liquid metal comprises a plurality of casting elements in successive contact and forming a canal along which the metal can flow, the casting element comprising a tube, notably a ladle shroud, the axis of which corresponds to the axis of the canal. The casting element is able to make contact with an upstream element of the installation and comprises means for controlling the angular orientation of the tube about its axis with respect to the upstream element, these means being capable of giving the tube at least three distinct orientations.

Abstract: In an operation of continuous casting of steel grade such as aluminum-killed steel where a nozzle clogging phenomenon is particularly likely to occur, it is intended to prevent adhesion of inclusions (typically, Al2O3) on a nozzle used in the casting operation, and clogging of the nozzle due to the inclusions. A refractory material 10 is arranged to define a part or an entirety of a molten steel-contacting surface of a continuous casting nozzle, wherein the refractory material 10 contains: a CaO component in an amount of 0.5 mass % or more; one or both of B2O3 and R2O (R is one selected from the group consisting of Na, K and Li) in an amount of 0.5 mass % or more; Al2O3 in an amount of 50 mass % or more; and free carbon in an amount of 8.0 to 34.5 mass %, and wherein a total amount of CaO, B2O3 and R2O is in the range of 1.0 to 15.0 mass %, and a mass ratio of CaO/(B2O3+R2O) is in the range of 0.1 to 3.0.

Abstract: A metal delivery apparatus for casting metal strip includes at least one elongated segment having a main portion extending longitudinally through the main portion with end walls at opposite ends thereof, the main portion communicating with outlets along opposite sides of each segment adapted to upwardly discharge flow of molten metal into a casting pool.

Abstract: An apparatus for direct chill casting of metal having an open ended mold cavity formed by a casting surface, a refractory sleeve adapted to receive molten metal, a coolant delivery system for supplying coolant to chill the descending hot metal body, and a boron nitride ring mounted between the refractory sleeve and the peripheral wall of the mold cavity. A downspout may be used instead of a refractory sleeve having a flow control rod or floating baffle to control the amount of molten metal entering the mold cavity. A process for direct chill casting of a metal including continuously filling the cavity with molten metal and permitting the metal to move downwardly through the mold to form an ingot, and simultaneously chilling the ingot by spraying coolant on the ingot from the coolant delivery system.

Abstract: A continuous casting method of molten metal using electromagnetic force to improve the cast slab surface properties and reduce the nonmetallic inclusions and bubbles trapped inside the cast slab is provided. An alternating current is run through an electromagnetic coil arranged around a casting mold so as to surround a casting space to control the meniscus shape to improve the cast slab surface properties. The discharge ports of a submerged entry nozzle are oriented upward and the direction of the discharge flow from the discharge ports is above the intersection of the casting mold short side and meniscus.

Abstract: In a insert-type continuous casting nozzle comprising a highly functional layer formed to have a high corrosion resistance, a high anti-attachment capability, etc., and provided to define an inner bore thereof, the present invention is directed to providing a refractory material (mortar) for an intermediate layer of the continuous casting nozzle, which has a property capable of fixing an inner bore-side layer to an outer periphery-side layer (a nozzle body) of the continuous casting nozzle, while preventing the occurrence of expansion splitting in the outer periphery-side layer due to a difference in thermal expansion between the inner bore-side and outer periphery-side layers, and a continuous casting nozzle using the refractory material for the intermediate layer.

Abstract: A system and method for producing a metallic ingot using, for example, a VAR furnace, includes a primary crucible receiving a melted metal from a source of metal and collecting the melted metal to for a pool of melted metal, the primary crucible including an overflow lip, a secondary crucible receiving the melted metal from the overflow lip of the primary crucible, the secondary crucible being smaller than and electrically isolated from the primary crucible, and a withdrawal device withdrawing the molten metal, solidified by cooling, from the secondary crucible in the form of solidified ingots, wherein the solidified ingots have a smaller diameter than a diameter of the source of metal. A cutting device periodically cuts the withdrawn solidified ingots as they are withdrawn from the secondary crucible.

Abstract: Provided is a twin-roll casting machine capable of suppressing irregularities in crosswise thickness distribution of a strip. The twin-roll casting machine comprises chilled rolls, side weirs, and nozzle pieces. A plurality of openings for supply of molten metal to between the chilled rolls are formed alternately on portions of each of the nozzle pieces adjacent to the one and the other rolls, respectively, and are spaced apart from each other axially of the rolls.

Abstract: A hot-top is disclosed that continuously casts an ingot by pouring molten metal down into a cylindrical space in a continuous casting mold from a molten metal flow-down port. The inner shape of a flow-down port forming part corresponds to the inner shape of a cylindrical space forming part. The hot-top forms an annular groove about the molten metal flow-down port, and has a barrier between the annular groove and the flow-down port.

Abstract: [OBJECT] In an operation of continuous casting of steel grade such as aluminum-killed steel where a nozzle clogging phenomenon is particularly likely to occur, it is intended to prevent adhesion of inclusions (typically, Al2O3) on a nozzle used in the casting operation, and clogging of the nozzle due to the inclusions [SOLUTION] A refractory material 10 is arranged to define a part or an entirety of a molten steel-contacting surface of a continuous casting nozzle, wherein the refractory material 10 contains: a CaO component in an amount of 0.5 mass % or more; one or both of B2O3 and R2O (R is one selected from the group consisting of Na, K and Li) in an amount of 0.5 mass % or more; Al2O3 in an amount of 50 mass % or more; and free carbon in an amount of 8.0 to 34.5 mass %, and wherein a total amount of CaO, B2O3 and R2O is in the range of 1.0 to 15.0 mass %, and a mass ratio of CaO/(B2O3+R2O) is in the range of 0.1 to 3.0.

Abstract: A discharge device discharges liquid steel into a roller crystallizer for the continuous casting of thin strip. The discharge device reduces turbulence at the meniscus to a minimum so as to eliminate the relative defects on the cast strip by passing the steel between two crystallizer rollers. A relative casting process provides expedients for improving the steel feeding from a tundish to the crystallizer. Advantageously, the feeding of guided steel jet streams inside the nozzle, or delivery nozzle, eliminates the disturbance at the meniscus caused by the air bubbles which can form when free-falling jet streams come into contact with the air.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for centering a submerged entry nozzle. The present invention includes: a plurality of laser beam generators 20 that is disposed above a mold 3 for continuous casting to radiate a laser beam toward the center of the mold; a tundish moving unit 15 that moves a tundish 1 above the mold 3; and a control unit that is linked with the laser beam generators 20 and controls the tundish moving unit 15 to center the installation position of the submerged entry nozzle 5 provided at the lower portion of the tundish, in response to signals transmitted from the laser beam generators 20. According to the present invention, in addition to accurately and quickly centering the submerged entry nozzle 5, it is possible to maintain the submerged entry nozzle that has been centered, such that it is possible to minimize a channeling phenomenon of molten steel. Accordingly, it can be expected to improve the quality of a slab.

Abstract: A metal strip casting apparatus and method of casting continuous metal strip include assembling a pair of counter-rotatable casting rolls having casting surfaces positioned laterally forming a nip between for casting, and delivering molten metal through a delivery nozzle disposed above the nip to form a casting pool supported on the casting rolls. The delivery nozzle includes at least one segment having a main portion and an end portion and an inner trough extending longitudinally through the main portion and into the end portion with end walls at opposite ends thereof, the inner trough communicating with outlets adjacent bottom portions formed in each segment adapted to deliver molten metal to a casting pool and the end portion having a reservoir portion having passages adapted to deliver molten metal to a casting pool.

Abstract: In a continuous casting method, the outside surface of a continuous casting nozzle which supplies molten metal into a mold while immersed in the molten metal in the mold, is heated to 1000° C. or higher by a nozzle heating device comprising an external heater which performs radiant heating, while the molten metal passes through the continuous casting nozzle.

Abstract: An immersion nozzle for continuous casting, including (1) a tubular body with a bottom, the tubular body having an inlet for entry of molten steel disposed at an upper end and a passage extending inside the tubular body downward from the inlet, and (2) a pair of opposing outlets disposed in a sidewall at a lower section of the tubular body so as to communicate with the passage, the nozzle comprising: a pair of opposing ridges horizontally projecting into the passage from an inner wall between the pair of outlets, the inner wall defining the passage.

Abstract: A partial SEN capable of having flow diverter parts installed therein, and a method of using the SEN in a continuous casting system are disclosed. The partial SEN includes a hollow distribution zone at a bottom portion of the SEN which is designed to allow the installation of at least two different types of flow diverter parts, one type of flow diverter parts for a first type of caster mold, and a second type of flow diverter parts for a second type of caster mold. The design of the flow diverter parts and the resulting angles achieved when the flow diverter parts are installed in the partial SEN are matched to a caster mold such that the flow characteristics of molten steel exiting the SEN into the caster mold during continuous casting operation are of a desired and optimal nature to prevent various types of casting defects.