Abstract: A film forming apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a chamber; an exhaust unit configured to reduce the pressure in the chamber to a predetermined vacuum level; a holder disposed in the chamber and configured to hold a film forming target member on which a film is to be formed; a supply unit configured to supply a film forming material containing silicon to a surface of the film forming target member; and a heat source configured to perform heating at the predetermined vacuum level to melt the supplied film forming material.

Abstract: A method for producing a strip using a rapid solidification technology is provided. A melt is poured onto a moving outer surface of a rotating casting wheel, the melt is solidified on the outer surface and a strip is formed. A gaseous jet is directed at the moving outer surface and the outer surface of the casting wheel is worked with the jet. The jet comprises CO2 and at least part of this CO2 strikes the moving outer surface of the casting wheel in a solid state.

Abstract: Amorphous metal foil and method for the production of an amorphous metal foil using a rapid solidification technology is provided. An amorphous metal foil having a width of 2 mm to 300 mm, a thickness of less than 20 ?m and a maximum of 50 holes per square metre is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an alloy which has the following composition: Cu47at %?(x+y+z)(TiaZrb)cNi7at %+xSn1at %+ySiz where c=43-47 at %, a=0.65-0.85, b=0.15-0.35, where a+b=1.00; x=0-7 at %; y=0-3 at %, z=0-3 at %, where y+z?4 at %.

Abstract: An electrode structure, which can be used as a biosensor, is provided that has non-random topography located on one surface of an electrode base substrate. The non-random topography of the electrode structure and the electrode base substrate of the electrode structure are of unitary construction and unitary composition and thus there is no interface is located between these elements of the electrode structure.

Abstract: A magnetostrictive sensor including a magnetic structure. The magnetic structure has a columnar substrate extending along an axis, and a magnetostrictive portion disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the substrate. The magnetostrictive portion includes a plurality of portions that have different concentrations of at least one of a plurality of elements, the portions being so arranged as to satisfy at least one of a first requirement that in a first cross sectional view of the magnetostrictive portion orthogonal to the axis, the portions are arranged clockwise about the axis, a second requirement that in the first cross sectional view, the portions are arranged in a thickness direction of the magnetostrictive portion, and a third requirement that, in a second cross sectional view of the magnetostrictive portion that is orthogonal to the first cross sectional view and passes through the axis, the portions are arranged along the axis.

Abstract: A processing system and method for processing a cast raw casting has a spray system for cooling the raw casting. The spray system has at least one nozzle device for at least temporally, locally, or quantitatively variable application of a free-flowing medium to at least one section of the raw casting. The processing system also has a temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature on at least one section of the raw casting and a monitoring device for controlling and adjusting the nozzle device as a function of the measured temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus for direct casting of strip from a pool of molten metal includes a tundish having a feed chamber, a return chamber and a diverting chamber. A lip insert is inserted into the tundish and has an open front for cooperation with a casting surface. The apparatus includes a control mechanism configured to control the surface level of the pool of molten metal in the diverting chamber and in the lip insert, and a movement mechanism configured to move the casting surface upwardly through the pool of molten metal for the casting of metal on the casting surface. The casting surface is an aluminum surface of a cylindrical drum and has a coarse irregular surface formed thereon by biasing with crushed, angular silicon carbide or aluminum silicate.

Abstract: A device and a method for measuring thickness in horizontal strip casting installations for casting strip or sections. A measuring device measures the thickness of the liquid or pasty melt in the mold. The measuring device operates without contact by a laser and an optical sensor that are arranged so that the surface of the liquid or pasty melt is monitored, whereby the thickness distribution over an entire width of the melt is measured. A measuring signal is generated, and a control signal is generated based on the measuring signal in order to control a device for distributing the melt.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a component in a die casting cell that includes a die casting system according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, isolating a first chamber from a second chamber of the die casting system, melting a charge of material in the first chamber, sealing the second chamber relative to the first chamber, and simultaneously injecting the charge of material within the second chamber to cast the component and melting a second charge of material within the first chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for chemical separations includes a microfluidic substrate having an outlet aperture for outputting an eluent of a sample, a spray unit having an inlet to receive the eluent and an outlet to emit a spray of the eluent, and a force-applying unit. The spray unit has a deformable portion defining the inlet and having an elastic modulus that is lower than an elastic modulus of the microfluidic substrate. The force-applying unit, such as a spring, is disposed to urge the deformable portion in contact with the substrate to form a substantially fluid-tight seal.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a thin metal strip by pouring and rapidly solidifying molten metal onto a cooling roll rotating at a high speed to form a thin metal strip having a width of 50˜350 mm, blowing compression gas from substantially a tangential direction of the cooling roll toward the thin metal strip to separate the thin metal strip from the cooling roll, adsorbing the separated thin metal strip with a permeable belt of a suction type belt conveyor, and transporting to a take-up reel to wind in form of a coil, the thin metal strip is adsorbed by the belt under conditions that a nearest approaching distance L between the cooling roll and the suction type belt conveyor is 2˜50 mm and a suction width S of a suction box arranged in the suction type belt conveyor is 1.2˜2.5 times of a width W of the thin metal strip.

Abstract: A nickel strip is made from a starting material of solid cathode sheets having a minimum nickel content of 99.94% by weight and a maximum trace element content, in ppm by weight, of <35 carbon, <5 sulphur, <14 manganese, <11 magnesium, <11 aluminum, <25 titanium, and <15 silicon. The sheets are hot-rolled individually in a single layer/ply. The sheets are then joined to form the strip.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy product and method for producing the aluminum alloy product that, in some embodiments, includes an aluminum alloy strip having at least 0.8 wt. % manganese, at least 0.6 wt % iron, or at least 0.8 wt. % manganese and at least 0.6 wt % iron. A near surface of the aluminum alloy strip, in some embodiments, is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 50 micrometers and includes small particles. Each small particle, in some embodiments, has a particular equivalent diameter that is less than 3 micrometers, and a quantity per unit area of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.01 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steel plate, the chemical composition of which comprises, the contents being expressed by weight: 0.010%?C?0.20%, 0.06%?Mn?3%, Si?1.5%, 0.005%?Al?1.5%, S?0.030%, P?0.040%, 2.5%?Ti?7.2%, (0.45×Ti)?0.35%?B?(0.45×Ti)+0.70%, and optionally one or more elements chosen from: Ni?1%, Mo?1%, Cr?3%, Nb?0.1%, V?0.1%, the balance of the composition consisting of iron and inevitable impurities resulting from the smelting.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of producing an amorphous alloy ribbon, the method including a step of producing an amorphous alloy ribbon by discharging a molten alloy through a rectangular opening of a molten metal nozzle having a molten metal flow channel along which the molten alloy flows, the opening being an end of the molten metal flow channel, onto a surface of a rotating chill roll, in which, among wall surfaces of the molten metal flow channel, a maximum height Rz(t) of a surface t, which is a wall surface parallel to a flow direction of the molten alloy and to a short side direction of the opening, is 10.5 ?m or less.

Abstract: A method for producing an ultrafine-crystalline alloy ribbon having a structure in which crystal grains having an average grain size of 1-30 nm are dispersed at a ratio of 5-30% by volume in an amorphous matrix ultrafine, comprising the steps of ejecting an alloy melt onto a rotating cooling roll to quench it; forming an easily windable ribbon having such toughness that it is not fractured when bent to a bending radius of 1 mm or less, before the start of winding around a reel; and changing the forming conditions of the ribbon after the start of winding around a reel, to obtain a structure in which ultrafine crystal grains having an average grain size of 1-30 nm are dispersed at a ratio of 5-30% by volume in an amorphous matrix.

Abstract: A method of casting a thin strip is disclosed. The method includes assembling a pair of side dams adjacent end portions of counter-rotating casting rolls through which a strip of metal can be cast to permit a casting pool of molten metal to be formed supported by the casting surfaces of the casting rolls, assembling a metal delivery system above the casting rolls delivering molten metal to form a casting pool supported on the casting surfaces of the casting rolls above the nip and confined by the pair of side dams, assembling a mechanical screw drive to move axially the side dams toward the casting pool, counter-rotating the casting rolls such that the casting surfaces of the casting rolls each travel inwardly to produce a cast strip downwardly from the nip, and moving the side dams axially inward toward the casting pool at a rate of between 0.4 and 5.0 mm/hour by actuation of the mechanical screw.

Abstract: A method for producing a cast strip from steel with properties that can be adjusted across a cross section and a length of the strip, includes applying a coating mass comprising a carrier liquid with additives contained therein to a side of a rotating cast band of a horizontal strip cast system, drying the coating mass for removing liquid components of the coating mass, applying a steel melt to the side of the rotating cast band via a melt container, wherein the dried coating mass is materially united with the applied steel melt; and allowing the steel melt to solidifiy to a pre-strip.

Abstract: A method of improving control of thin strip produced by continuous casting including the steps of assembling a continuous casting apparatus having a pair of counter-rotating cooling rolls, having a nip there between and at least one enclosure downstream from the nip, introducing molten metal to form a casting pool supported on the cooling rolls above the nip and counter-rotating the cooling rolls forming cast strip downwardly from the nip, guiding the strip through the at least one enclosure downstream from the nip, the at least one enclosure having gas inlets for directing oxygen-containing gas into the enclosure, and directing oxygen-containing gas having a desired amount of oxygen through the inlets into the enclosure to provide an atmosphere 0.5% and 15% oxygen with between 3 and 10% humidity to oxidize at least one surface of the strip a desired thickness of scale on the surface of the strip to provide less mill force and downstream control of the strip.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a thin metal strip by pouring and rapidly solidifying molten metal onto a cooling roll rotating at a high speed to form a thin metal strip having a width of 50˜350 mm, blowing compression gas from substantially a tangential direction of the cooling roll toward the thin metal strip to separate the thin metal strip from the cooling roll, adsorbing the separated thin metal strip with a permeable belt of a suction type belt conveyor, and transporting to a take-up reel to wind in form of a coil, the thin metal strip is adsorbed by the belt under conditions that a nearest approaching distance L between the cooling roll and the suction type belt conveyor is 2·50 mm and a suction width S of a suction box arranged in the suction type belt conveyor is 1.2·2.5 times of a width W of the thin metal strip.

Abstract: A method of casting thin strip to reduce casting defects is disclosed. The method includes assembling a pair of side dams adjacent end portions of counter-rotating casting rolls through which a strip of metal can be cast to permit a casting pool of molten metal to be formed supported by the casting surfaces of the casting rolls, assembling a metal delivery system above the casting rolls delivering molten metal to form a casting pool supported on the casting surfaces of the casting rolls above the nip and confined by the pair of side dams, assembling a vibrator device to vibrate the pair of side dams at 200-400 Hz. to inhibit the formation of snake eggs in the casting pool, and counter-rotating the casting rolls such that the casting surfaces of the casting rolls each travel inwardly toward the nip to produce a cast strip downwardly from the nip.

Abstract: A method for making alloy strip by continuous casting with tensile strength of at least 900 MPa and total elongation of at least 30%, strip with tensile strength of at least 1200 MPa and total elongation of at least 20%, or strip with tensile strength of at least 1500 MPa and total elongation of at least 15%. Molten metal is introduced forming a casting pool supported on the casting rolls and counter-rotating the A heat flux is provided with a peak heat flux >20 Mw/m2. The strip is cooled at 1000-3000 K/sec. A roll biasing force >40 kN/meter of casting roll length is applied to form thin metal strip. The strip is then conveyed through a first enclosure with an atmosphere having an oxygen content of <5%. The cast strip is rolled through a rolling mill and reduced and modification of the microstructure is initiated.

Abstract: In a twin roll continuous caster, the casting nozzle in the continuous casting apparatus is arranged such that the outlet passages and/or tapered walls in the main portion within the casting nozzle provide flow of molten metal downwardly converging toward the nip between the casting rolls of a twin roll caster. The casting nozzle having a reservoir portion for directing molten metal converging toward the triple point region to inhibit the washing of shells forming on the casting surfaces of the casting rolls.

Abstract: A method of casting a thin strip is disclosed. The method includes assembling a pair of side dams adjacent end portions of counter-rotating casting rolls through which a strip of metal can be cast to permit a casting pool of molten metal to be formed supported by the casting surfaces of the casting rolls, assembling an angular actuator connected to a side dam at an angle urging the side dam toward the casting pool with a hold down force component urging the side dam downwardly, assembling a metal delivery system above the casting rolls delivering molten metal to form a casting pool supported on the casting surfaces of the casting rolls above the nip and confined by the pair of side dams, and counter-rotating the casting rolls such that the casting surfaces of the casting rolls each travel inwardly to produce a cast strip downwardly from the nip.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to a method for forming a bulk solidifying amorphous alloy sheets have different surface finish including a “fire” polish surface like that of a float glass. In one embodiment, a first molten metal alloy is poured on a second molten metal of higher density in a float chamber to form a sheet of the first molten that floats on the second molten metal and cooled to form a bulk solidifying amorphous alloy sheet. In another embodiment, a molten metal is poured on a conveyor conveying the sheet of the first molten metal on a conveyor and cooled to form a bulk solidifying amorphous alloy sheet. The cooling rate such that a time-temperature profile during the cooling does not traverse through a region bounding a crystalline region of the metal alloy in a time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram.

Abstract: A device and a method for horizontal casting of a metal band. The device includes a dispensing vessel for a melt and a cooled conveyor belt disposed downstream of the dispensing vessel in the casting direction running between two deflecting rollers and on which the metal band can be transported. The device further includes at least one roller that can be engaged with the metal band for profiling. Early and therefore improved influence on the profile of a metal band, that is the leader band, is thereby made possible.

Abstract: A method of forming an iron based glass forming alloy. The method may include providing a feedstock of an iron based glass forming alloy, melting the feedstock, casting the feedstock into an elongated body in an environment comprising 50% or more of a gas selected from carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An R-T-B rare earth sintered magnet contains R which represents a rare earth element; T which represents a transition metal essentially containing Fe; a metal element M which represents Al and/or Ga; B; Cu; and inevitable impurities the R-T-B rare earth sintered magnet including 13.4 to 17 at % of R, 4.5 to 5.5 at % of B, and 0.1 to 2.

Abstract: A casting device for producing semiconductor material foil includes a casting frame and a substrate band. The casting frame is arranged for holding a molten semiconductor material and includes sidewalls of which an exit sidewall is located at an output position for the semiconductor material foil. The exit side wall is provided with an exit slit. The casting device further includes a local force exerting means to exert at the location of the exit slit a locally enlarged external force on the molten semiconductor material to enlarge an outer pressure on the molten material at the exit slit.

Abstract: A method of continuously casting a lead alloy strip includes continuously supplying molten lead alloy to a tundish having a lip insert and containing a pool of molten lead alloy. The molten lead alloy is continuously supplied to the pool from a bath maintained at a temperature in the range of 575° to 750° F. The surface level of the molten alloy in the lip insert is controlled to produce a strip of desired thickness. The temperature of the lead alloy in the lip insert is controlled in a range of about 640° to 750° F. An abraded casting surface is moved upwardly through the pool for depositing the lead alloy thereon. The abraded casting surface is cooled to a temperature in the range of about 100° to 210° F. to solidify a strip of lead alloy, and the lead alloy strip is stripped from the abraded casting surface.

Abstract: A method of continuously casting thin strip dynamically controlling roll casting surface configuation by controlling the temperature of water flowing through the longitudinal water flow passages in a cyclindrical tube thickness of no more than 80 millimeters of counter rotated casting rolls, and varying the speed of the casting rolls with attenuation of the ends of the casting rolls with a casting roll drive system responsive to electrical signals received from sensors during a casting campaign.

Abstract: A stainless steel and a flat cold product produced therefrom, which can be easily produced in an economical manner. A steel according to the invention, in the cold-rolled state, has a microstructure with 5-15% by volume ?-ferrite and austenite as the remainder. It contains (in % by weight): C: 0.05-0.14%, Si: 0.1-1.0%, Mn: 4.0-12.0%, Cr: >17.5-22.0%, Ni: 1.0-4.0%, Cu: 1.0-3.0%, N: 0.03-0.2%, P: max. 0.07%, S: max. 0.01%, Mo: max. 0.5%, optionally one or more elements from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, B, V, Al, Ca, As, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi, and H wherein Ti: max. 0.02%, Nb: max. 0.1%, B: max. 0.004%, V: max. 0.1%, Al: 0.001-0.03%, Ca: 0.0005-0.003%, As: 0.003-0.015%, Sn: 0.003-0.01%, Pb: max. 0.01%, Bi: max. 0.01%, H: max. 0.0025%, and remainder Fe and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: A method of continuously casting thin strip dynamically controlling roll casting surface configuration by controlling the temperature of water flowing through the longitudinal water flow passages in a cylindrical tube thickness of no more than 80 millimeters of counter rotated casting rolls, and varying the speed of the casting rolls with attenuation of the ends of the casting rolls with a casting roll drive system responsive to electrical signals received from sensors during a casting campaign.

Abstract: A method for producing an amorphous alloy foil strip having a large sheet thickness in an industrial scale includes: a pair of cooling rolls; a driving unit configured to rotate the pair of cooling rolls; and a crucible configured to supply a molten alloy sequentially to an outer circumferential surface of the pair of cooling rolls. The crucible is movable along a moving unit. A molten alloy is supplied alternately to the pair of cooling rolls while rotating and water-cooling the pair of cooling rolls.

Abstract: A method of making a copper wire rod with low semi-softening temperature includes melting a raw material copper to have a copper melt, adjusting concentrations of oxygen and sulfur included in the copper melt to be not more than 20 ppm and not more than 6 ppm, respectively, continuously casting the adjusted copper melt at temperature not higher than 1120° C. to have a cast bar, and hot-rolling the cast bar in a temperature range of 850° C. to 550° C.

Abstract: Provided is a martensitic stainless steel having excellent productivity and high corrosion resistance, which comprises, as percentages by weight, 0.45 to 0.60% carbon, 0.02 to 0.08% nitrogen, 0.2 to 0.4% silicon, 0.3 to 0.6% manganese, 12 to 15% chrome, one or more kinds of 0.1 to 1.5% molybdenum or 0.1 to 1.5% tungsten and Fe and other unavoidable impurities as remnants.

Abstract: A hot rolled steel strip made by the steps including assembling a twin roll caster, forming a casting pool of molten steel having a free oxygen content between 20 and 75 ppm and having a composition such that the cast strip comprises by weight, greater than 0.1 and not more than 0.5% carbon, between 0.9 and 2.0% manganese, between 0.05 and 0.50% silicon, greater than 0.01% and less than or equal to 0.15% phosphorus, and less than 0.01% aluminum, counter rotating the casting rolls forming the steel strip, hot rolling the strip such that mechanical properties at 10% and 35% reduction are within 10% for yield strength, tensile strength and total elongation, and coiling the strip at a temperature between 300 and 700° C. to provide a majority of the microstructure comprising bainite and acicular ferrite. Alternatively, the steel may have between 0.20 and 0.60% copper and manganese as low as 0.08%.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide a casting apparatus for continuously casting a metal strip article (e.g. a twin-belt metal caster or a twin-block metal caster). The apparatus has a casting cavity defined between a pair of moving elongated opposed casting surfaces, and the casting cavity has an entrance and an exit aligned in a direction of casting. The casting cavity is also provided with a molten metal injector at its entrance, the injector having an internal metal channel including a downstream opening for introducing molten metal into the casting cavity, and a pair of side dams at each lateral side of the casting cavity for confining molten metal from the injector within the cavity. At least one of the side dams comprises an elongated element that is movable laterally relative to the direction of casting during a casting operation.

Abstract: Surface 27 of molten metal within a mold is constantly monitored by camera 25. Camera 25 records the surface from an obliquely upward position of the mold in an area that does not affect the casting process. Various analyzing frames such as analysis band 35, molten metal pattern 37, and injection monitoring part 43, are set with respect to the information recorded by the camera 25. The analysis band 35 includes the surface (molten metal part 31c), and is set to a predetermined width so that the direction of surface change is in the longitudinal direction. The width of the analysis band 35 is set as wide as possible in a range that does not block the discharge part (molten metal part 31a). Inside the analysis band 35, the rate of change of the binary data is calculated by the analyzing part.

Abstract: An improved magnesium-based alloy for wrought applications is disclosed, including a method of fabricating alloy sheet from said alloy. The improved magnesium-based alloy consists of: 0.5 to 4.0% by weight zinc; 0.02 to 0.70% by weight a rare earth element, or mixture of the same including gadolinium; and incidental impurities. The rare earth clement in some embodiments may be yttrium and/or gadolinium. In some embodiments the magnesium-based alloy may also consist of a grain refiner and in some embodiments the grain refiner may be zirconium. In combination, the inclusion of zinc and a rare earth element, into the magnesium alloy may have enhanced capacity for rolling workability, deep drawing at low temperatures and stretch formability at room temperature. The improved alloy may also exhibit increased tensile strength and formability while evincing a reduced tendency for tearing during preparation.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for continuously or semi-continuously producing hot steel strip which, starting from a slab guided through a slab-guiding device, is rolled in a roughing train having at least four-stands, the method comprising: casting a slab in a die, the slab being reduced to a thickness of between 60 and 95 mm in a liquid core reduction process by the adjoining slab-guiding device, a slab support length measured between the meniscus, i.e., the bath level, of the die and an end of the slab-guiding device facing the roughing train being between 12 m and 15.5 m, and a casting speed ranging from 3.8 to 7 m/min. The disclosed combination of casting parameters may ensure that the crater tip of the slab extends to the vicinity of the end of the slab-guiding device independently of the respective maximum casting speeds which are dependent on the particular grade of material.

Abstract: A method of continuously casting steel including steps of forming a casting pool of molten steel comprising a carbon content of less than 0.5% by weight on casting surfaces of a pair of internally cooled casting rolls having a nip formed between them, counter rotating the casting surfaces of the casting rolls toward each other to produce a cast steel strip moving downwardly away from the nip between the casting rolls, guiding the cast strip through a first enclosure adjacent the casting rolls as the strip moves away from the casting rolls, the first enclosure having a reducing atmosphere containing carbon monoxide and optionally hydrogen of at least 0.1%, establishing the reducing atmosphere in the first enclosure to control ingress of atmospheric air so as to maintain said atmosphere with a CO to CO2 ratio of at least 1.5 during steady state operation.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for continuously or semi-continuously producing hot steel strip which, starting from a slab guided through a slab-guiding device, is rolled in, for example, an at least four-stand roughing train to form an intermediate strip and, in a further sequence in a finish rolling train, into a final strip. The thickness of a slab cast in a die is reduced in the liquid core reduction process by means of the adjoining slab-guiding device to between 85 and 120 mm, a slab support length measured between the meniscus, i.e., the bath level, of the die and an end of the slab-guiding device facing the roughing train being at least 18.5 m, a casting speed ranging from 3.8 to 7 m/min, and slabs of different thicknesses being cast as a function of given casting speeds. Using the disclosed casting parameters, high-quality finishing may be provided with high production capacities.

Abstract: A method of continuously casting steel strip includes steps of providing rails positioned beneath a casting position and extending in opposite directions there from to discharge stations, supporting first and second scrap receptacles movable along the rails, engaging a seal between the first scrap receptacle and an enclosure enabling support of a protective atmosphere beneath a pair of casting rolls, disengaging the seal between the first scrap receptacle and the enclosure and moving the first scrap receptacle along the rails in a direction away from the second scrap receptacle to a discharge station, and moving the second scrap receptacle into the casting position and sealingly engaging the second scrap receptacle and the enclosure.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to a method for forming a bulk solidifying amorphous alloy sheets have different surface finish including a “fire” polish surface like that of a float glass. In one embodiment, a first molten metal alloy is poured on a second molten metal of higher density in a float chamber to form a sheet of the first molten that floats on the second molten metal and cooled to form a bulk solidifying amorphous alloy sheet. In another embodiment, a molten metal is poured on a conveyor conveying the sheet of the first molten metal on a conveyor and cooled to form a bulk solidifying amorphous alloy sheet. The cooling rate such that a time-temperature profile during the cooling does not traverse through a region bounding a crystalline region of the metal alloy in a time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steel plate, the chemical composition of which comprises, the contents being expressed by weight: 0.010%?C?0.20%, 0.06%?Mn?3%, Si?1.5%, 0.005%?Al?1.5%, S?0.030%, P?0.040%, 2.5%?Ti?7.2%, (0.45×Ti)?0.35%?B?(0.45×Ti)+0.70%, and optionally one or more elements chosen from: Ni?1%, Mo?1%, Cr?3%, Nb?0.1%, V?0.1%, the balance of the composition consisting of iron and inevitable impurities resulting from the smelting.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for continuous casting of amorphous alloy sheets having large sheet thickness using bulk solidifying amorphous alloys are provided. Thick continuous amorphous alloy sheets made of bulk solidifying amorphous alloys are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for the continuous casting of solid foam structures with varying bubble density from bulk solidifying amorphous alloys are provided. Continuously cast solid foam structures having bubble densities in the range of from 50 percent up to 95% by volume are also provided.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for continuous casting of amorphous alloy sheets having large sheet thickness using bulk solidifying amorphous alloys are provided. Thick continuous amorphous alloy sheets made of bulk solidifying amorphous alloys are also provided.