Abstract: Provided is vertical semi-continuous casting equipment including a guide device disposed under the mold to support the slab drawn from the plate, the guide device being configured to guide the descending of the slab. The guide device includes first and second guide parts including a plurality of guide rolls respectively disposed on both sides of a moving path of the plate under the mold to support the slab moving by the plate and guide the movement of the slab and a braking unit connected to each of the guide rolls to apply braking force to the guide roll that rotates by the movement of the slab. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the slab having the length longer than that of the slab in accordance with the related art may stably descend, the shaking of the slab may be prevented, and the casting speed may be stabilized.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed at metal alloys and methods of processing with application to slab casting methods and post-processing steps towards sheet production. The metals provide unique structure and exhibit advanced property combinations of high strength and/or high ductility.

Abstract: A clean metal ingot mold comprises an ingot mold body and an insulating riser arranged on the ingot mold body. The bottom mold plate of the ingot mold is provided with at least a ridge connected thereto. The region having a V-shape containing impurities produced during the crystallization process of the liquid metal moves upwards because of the ridge, and then the impurities depart from the center of the cast ingot and the impurities are more centralized. A water-cooling device is arranged in the ridge to allow the temperature of the metal in the ingot mold to decrease rapidly, and the crystallization process of the metal to be rapid.

Abstract: A method for producing a turbine casing for a rotating machine is provided. The casing is manufactured by a casting process, and is cast in two casing halves which are separated by a parting plane which passes axially through the turbine casing. Each casing half is first cast in one piece in each case, and each casing half is separated into at least two casing sections which are joined together for forming a casing half in each case.

Abstract: The invention relates to a copper-tin multicomponent bronze consisting of (in % by weight): 0.5 to 14.0% Sn, 0.01 to 8.0% Zn, 0.01 to 0.8% Cr, 0.05 to 2.0% Al, 0.01 to 2.0% Si, optionally in addition up to a maximum of 0.1 to 3.0% Mn and optionally in addition up to a maximum of 0.08% P and optionally in addition up to a maximum of 0.08% S, remainder copper and unavoidable impurities, wherein, in the structure, silicides and/or chromium particles are deposited, which are surrounded by a tin film in the form of a highly tin-containing accumulation. A further aspect of the invention relates to a process for producing strips, plates, bolts, wires, rods, tubes and profiles of the copper-tin multicomponent bronze according to the invention, and also to a use.

Abstract: A method for forming a tube-based detector for signaling when a PVD target is reduced to a predetermined quantity of the PVD target material includes providing a mold member having an inner molding member and an outer molding member defining a space therebetween, melting a desired tube material, injecting the molten tube material into the space between the inner molding member and the outer molding member, cooling the molten tube material, removing the tube from the mold member after the molten tube material has cooled and solidified into a tube, embedding the tube in the physical vapor deposition target, wherein the tube forms an enclosure of the tube-based detector.

Abstract: Methods and associated apparatus for semi-continuous casting of hollow ingots are described. In one embodiment a method for the semi-continuous casting of a metallic hollow ingot is provided. The method includes providing a mold that includes a mold center having an inner pipe and an outer pipe arranged to form an annular space for a cooling media and an outer mold, circulating a cooling media in the annular space, feeding a source material to the mold, heating the source material to produce a molten material, moving the mold center progressively downward relative to the outer mold, and solidifying the molten material to form a hollow ingot. Embodiments relating to an apparatus for semi-continuous casting of hollow ingots, and products resulting from the semi-continuous casting of hollow ingots are also described.

Abstract: A method of processing a stabilizer bar assembly includes casting a metal anti-shift collar onto a prefabricated stabilizer bar. The metal anti-shift collar may be a zinc alloy, an aluminum alloy, or a magnesium alloy, for example.

Abstract: A high strength and high thermal conductivity copper alloy tube contains: Co of 0.12 to 0.32 mass %; P of 0.042 to 0.095 mass %; and Sn of 0.005 to 0.30 mass %, wherein a relationship of 3.0?([Co]?0.007)/([P]?0.008)?6.2 is satisfied between a content [Co] mass % of Co and a content [P] mass % of P, and the remainder includes Cu and inevitable impurities. Even when a temperature is increased by heat generated by a drawing process, a recrystallization temperature is increased by uniform precipitation of a compound of Co and P and by solid-solution of Sn. Thus, the generation of recrystallization nucleuses is delayed, thereby improving heat resistance and pressure resistance of the high strength and high thermal conductivity copper alloy tube.

Abstract: Methods and associated apparatus for semi-continuous casting of hollow ingots are described. In one embodiment a method for the semi-continuous casting of a metallic hollow ingot is provided. The method includes providing a mold comprising a mold center having an inner pipe and an outer pipe arranged to form an annular space for a cooling media and an outer mold, circulating a cooling media in the annular space, feeding a source material to the mold, heating the source material to produce a molten material, moving the mold center progressively downward relative to the outer mold, and solidifying the molten material to form a hollow ingot. Embodiments relating to an apparatus for semi-continuous casting of hollow ingots, and products resulting from the semi-continuous casting of hollow ingots are also described.

Abstract: This manufacturing apparatus for a multi-channel tube having a plurality of parallel channels includes: a crucible; and a die set for forming the multi-channel tube from molten copper supplied from the crucible, the die set including: a hollow portion having an inner surface shaped like the profile of the multi-channel tube; punches which are inserted into the hollow portion from an inlet end of the hollow portion to define a space between the inner surface of the hollow portion and each of the punches; and a feed passage which is disposed between the crucible and the space, and configured to feed the molten copper from the crucible to the space, the molten copper being supplied from the crucible to the space within the die set through the feed passage to solidify as it passes through the hollow portion.

Abstract: A method for making a gas turbine component (100). A central core (20) is positioned to occupy a space that will define a central channel (42), and an outer channel core (30) is positioned spaced apart from the central core (20). A mold (35) is formed around the central core (20) and the outer channel core (30), so that an exterior wall (32) contacts the mold (35). A substrate material, such as a metal alloy (247) in liquid form, is added to the mold (35) to form an internal volume (41) of the component (100). The central core (20) and the outer channel core (30) are removed, and interconnect channels (44) are formed between the thus-formed central channel (42) and the inner portion (49) of the outer channel (62) thus far formed. A preform (55) is placed into the inner portion (49) and may have a desired outer surface (57) shape. An overlay material is applied to form an outer layer (60), thus defining the remainder of the outer channel (62), which is obtained upon removal of the preform (55).

Abstract: Fibers, pipes, rods, strips or profiles made of high-melting inorganic oxides or minerals are used in great quantities, for example for reinforcing plastics, ceramics and metals. In order to produce said products, use is made of apparatuses comprising a melt container with an individual orifice, or orifice plate with a multiplicity of orifices, arranged in the base of the melt container. The melt in the melt container has to be kept at as homogeneous as possible an operating temperature above the individual orifice or orifice plate. For this purpose, the melt container is usually heated by a direct through flow of current. This results in high radiation losses to the surroundings and to a correspondingly high need for electric energy. It is proposed, for the heating of the melt, to arrange one or more pipes in the melt container, the pipes having at least one connection to the outside through the container casing, and electric heating elements being inserted into the pipes.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a chassis is provided.

Abstract: A micro-needle is provided which is particularly useful for the minimally invasive sampling of a biological fluid and/or the minimally invasive delivery of a drug or other formulation across the skin. The micro-needle has a structure having a base at a proximal end and a vertex at a distal end, and an open lumen extending there through and through which fluid may be transferred. The structure defines a structural axis that intersects the lumenal axis defined by the open lumen. The point of intersection between these axes is at a point below the vertex of the micro-needle to provide a sharp apex at the distal end of the micro-needle and defines the general configuration of the distal end of the micro-needle, which may be selected or customized depending on the intended use of the microneedle.

Abstract: A process for producing a tube target for cathode sputtering plants, in which the tube target is formed from a metallic inner tube (target holder) made of a first material with a first melting point of Ts1≧900 K and a metallic outer tube (target) that concentrically surrounds the inner tube and that is made of a second material with a second melting point of Ts2≦800 K. The inside diameter of the outer tube and the outside diameter of the inner tube are proportioned in such a way that the two tubes fit together tightly and are mechanically firmly joined. The outer tube is formed by casting the second material in a molten state in a heated, vertical, A cylindrical permanent mold, which has a heated mandrel that constitutes the inner tube.

Abstract: A method for producing a rack bar for a steering mechanism in an automobile. A blank pipe is held in a die, which has, at its inner surface, linear tooted portions. Mandrels are inserted repeatedly to the blank pipe while the direction of the insertion is alternately changed, while the insertion of the mandrel on one side of the blank pipe and the withdrawal of the mandrel on the other side are overlapped. Furthermore, lubrication is controlled so that an increased temperature of the work around 200° C. as generated under the plastic deformation of the metal is kept. An increased efficiency as well as reduced cost are obtained.

Abstract: A generally tubular device (e.g., a stent or catheter) for placement in a lumen of a patient's body is made by forming a depressed pattern in an external surface of a mold. The depressed pattern corresponds to a desired shape of the generally tubular device. A material is deposited in the depressed pattern for the material to form the generally tubular device conforming to the depressed pattern. The generally tubular device is separated from the mold.

Abstract: A sealing device for a casting table of a machine for the continuous vertical casting along a vertical extraction axis (X—X) of cast iron pipes (T) includes a die block (5) aligned with the vertical extraction axis and a device (3) for the supply of liquid iron. Two sealing gaskets (12A, 12B) are located between the outlet from the device supplying liquid iron and the entry to the die block. The sealing device has members (6, 15, 21) for tightening the die block against the outlet of the supply device, parallel to the vertical extraction axis, in order to tighten the sealing gaskets.

Abstract: A ceramic core that includes, prior to core sintering, erbia filler material alone or admixed with a second ceramic filler material, such as alumina, and a binder to provide a core that is relatively non-reactive with superalloys used in the manufacture of turbine blades, dimensionally stable during directional solidification (DS) for extended times, removable by chemcial leaching techniques, and having enhanced X-ray detectable during post-cast inspection operations. After core sintering, the ceramic core has a microstructure comprising an erbia-alumina garnet phase and an unreacted ceramic filler phase (e.g. alumina).

Abstract: A two-stage investment removal apparatus for removing investment material from an investment casting includes first and second stage sub-assemblies operative for different impacting actions. The first stage sub-assembly includes spaced drive rollers for rotating the investment flask on its side, and a pneumatic hammer which engages the side wall of the investment flask for imparting impact energy to the investment flask while the flask is being rotated. The flask is placed in a protective sleeve which more evenly distributes the impact forces around the side wall of the flask during rotation. The second stage sub-assembly includes a tubular chamber, and a spring-biased seat in the chamber for receiving the bottom end of the central casting trunk when the flask is positioned on the seat. The chamber includes radial spring arms for centering the flask and casting trunk on the seat.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing plated hollow metallic blocks for further processing into seamless tubes of the type in which a body is immersed one or more times into a melt includes: protecting the inner surfaces of a hollow body of plating material against the admission of a melt of support material during the immersion of the hollow body in the melt of support material; immersing such hollow body formed of plating material into the melt of support material; removing the hollow body from the melt of support material; and crystallizing a layer of support material on the outer surface of the hollow body.

Abstract: A method is provided for obtaining steel with lowered hydrogen levels after ladle treatment. The method includes covering molten steel in the ladle with a particulate mixture consisting essentially of calcium aluminate and dolomitic limestone. The mixture is used in amounts of about 5 to 25 pounds per net ton of molten steel. Using the method of this invention, some steels to be cast without vacuum degassing to reduce the hydrogen level.

Abstract: In a continuous casting a hollow ingot by means of a forcedly cooled tubular mold and a core, gas is introduced around an outer peripheral surface of the core along longitudinal slits to form an annular gap surrounding an inner peripheral surface of hollow metallic molten metal, and gas pressure is applied on said inner peripheral surface of the hollow molten metal. Refractory heat-insulative material, starter bar, is brought into contact with the molten metal poured into said annular space at the casting start, encased in the metal solidified thereon, and withdrawn together with the hollow ingot being withdrawn. By these methods smooth cast skin is formed on the inner peripheral surface of a hollow ingot.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and apparatus for thermally treating cast-iron pipes formed in a continuous casting die. The pipe or tube undergoes tempering by passing through a vat which is located downstream from the continuous casting die. The vat contains a continuously cooled bath of fluidized sand or the like which lowers the temperature of the tube in a uniform manner and makes it possible to obtain a very precise and homogeneous tube structure.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for the continuous casting of tubular shapes wherein molten metal from which the tubular shape is formed is centrifugally deposited adjacent to the outlet of a fluid-cooled mold by a nozzle assembly, with the metal being cooled and rapidly solidified by the mold to form a cylindrical shell upon which additional metal is deposited to incrementally build the thickness of the tubular shape. The tubular shape being formed is withdrawn continuously from the mold, and is further cooled by coolant directed thereon. The nozzle assembly may be rotated to discharge the molten metal or, alternatively, the mold may be rotated as the metal is deposited thereon. Single-layer tubular shapes, with or without reinforcing material, may be cast and multiple-layer composite shapes may be produced having layers of different material composition and thicknesses. An inert atmosphere is maintained to prevent oxidation of the molten metal.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method is disclosed for use in a system for growing a hollow tubular body of crystalline material by growing the body from the end of a die member, whereby the hollow tubular body can be cut lengthwise along predetermined lines of the body to provide separate crystalline bodies. The apparatus comprises means (preferably in the form of notches provided in the die end of the die member from which the hollow body is grown) for concentrating stress in the hollow tubular body along the predetermined lines as the body is pulled from the die end. The method comprises the steps of (a) growing the tube from a die end of a die member so that stress is concentrated in the tube along predetermined lines as the tube is grown; and (b) cutting the tube along the predetermined lines so as to separate the hollow tube into the plurality of bodies of the crystalline material.

Abstract: Installation comprising a reservoir crucible 11, 12 for molten cast-iron F with step-by-step extraction of a pipe T produced from the crucible comprising a cooled die. To obtain a cast-iron pipe of uniform thickness over its entire circular periphery, despite the absence of a core, the molten cast-iron F is set in slow rotation in the crucible by the tangential supply of molten cast-iron with a low rate of flow through a tangential orifice 18, by the rotation of a magnet 36 disposed in a hollow central relief 17 upstanding from the base of the crucible, by the rotation of paddle arms 44 disposed in the molten iron, or by the tangential injection of an inert gas.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for casting rapidly solidified metal ingots wherein molten metal is centrifugally formed into molten droplets that are rapidly solidified under controlled conditions into metal particles which are cast against a rotating mold cavity within which the metal particles are consolidated into an ingot to be subsequently worked to a billet.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method is disclosed for use in a system for growing a hollow tubular body of crystalline material by growing the body from the end of a die member, whereby the hollow tubular body can be cut lengthwise along predetermined lines of the body to provide separate crystalline bodies. The apparatus comprises means (preferably in the form of notches provided in the die end of the die member from which the hollow body is grown) for concentrating stress in the hollow tubular body along the predetermined lines as the body is pulled from the die end. The method comprises the steps of (a) growing the tube from a die end of a die member so that stress is concentrated in the tube along predetermined lines as the tube is grown; and (b) cutting the tube along the predetermined lines so as to separate the hollow tube into the plurality of bodies of the crystalline material.

Abstract: The vertically ascending casting of a thin-walled metal pipe and integral end fitting from a bath of molten metal is implemented using a housing 12 and a core 14 to mold the end fitting or bell housing and a tubular draw tube 6 to mold the pipe shank. The end fitting E is first formed by forcing the metal to rise in the annular space 16 between the housing and the core, simultaneously forming the initial section of the pipe shank. Once the end fitting has solidified it is extracted upwardly, step by step, while shank sections are simultaneously withdrawn from the metal bath. These sections are also solidified step by step along a tapering front S in the bath until the desired length of pipe T has been obtained.

Abstract: A continuous centrifugal casting machine employs a rotating water cooled mould in which a tubular mould cavity is formed by a number of pallet conveyors, each having an upper run defining a part cylinder. The conveyors are driven so that the tubular mould which they form moves with the casting, thus eliminating relative movement between the mould and the casting. The conveyors are housed inside a rotating drum so that centrifugal force causes molten metal such as steel poured against the wall of the mould cavity at one end to form a comparatively thin walled tube which is withdrawn from the other end of the mould cavity. The tube may be spirally slit to form sheet.

Abstract: To produce tubes of reactive metals, a melt (14) is removed from the annu gap (13) of a crucible (10). The temperature of the melt (14) is such as to ensure the formation of the solidus-liquidus zone (33) directly behind the annular gap (13), a planar solidification front (34) being created in a non supported region which is not exposed to the direct influence of a cooling means. In the subsequent region, the oriented solidification of the tube with high temperature gradients is realized, and the tube can be shaped or adjusted free of thermal influences. Only thereafter, the tube (25) is exposed to the action of cooling means (26, 31) to cool it without contact. In such a way, it is possible to produce tubes having a high stability and resistance to temperatures for use in turbines, heat exchangers or the like.

Abstract: The present invention is an improvement over, and an adaptation to continuous casting, of known processes in which a molten metal such as steel is atomized under non-oxydizing conditions and projected at high velocity against a suitable target. The distance to the target is such that the atomized particles solidify on their way and hit the target in a solid, yet still plastic, state to be welded onto said target by their kinetic energy. Applicant has found a way to adapt such process to continuous operation, and more particularly, to production of wide slabs of great length and relatively small thickness, say, typical 1.5".times.60" section and achieving that at great speeds of operation, such as 100 to 500 tons per hour which speed makes it possible to place it upstream of a continuous hot strip mill and thus produce, say, 0.060".times.60" strips in one continuous operation, from molten metal. (Such mills cannot maintain their thermal balance if the speed of the workpiece is too slow).

Abstract: A hollow blank, preferably of steel, for continuously casting by pouring molten metal into a continuous casting mold, withdrawing a shell containing liquid metal continuously from the lower end of the mold, directing the shell along a curved path, rotating the liquid metal in the mold, rotating the liquid metal in the shell at a location spaced from the mold to form a hollow in the liquid metal, and allowing the metal to solidify against the inside of the metal shell in the region of the hollow, to form a hollow metal blank. The blank thus formed can be straight or curved, and is cut off after the final solidification. An apparatus for forming the blank is disclosed and the blank thus formed has unique good quality surface characterictics free of dendrites.

Abstract: In continuous casting of tubular products, the same die is used with mandrels of different sizes depending on the internal diameter of the tubular product to be cast. This avoids the necessity of dismanteling the casting "set-up" in order to remove a die and mandrel assembly when changing from casting a tubular product of one internal diameter to another of the same external diameter but different internal diameter. The mandrel and die are constructed so that the mandrel is releasable from the die after use to enable another mandrel to be inserted in the same die. During casting, the mandrel is maintained within the die against axial movement either by a thermocouple device positioned within the associated crucible to engage the top of the mandrel. The mandrel may be removed either manually or by a suitable tool engageable with the mandrel.

Abstract: Both the position and shape of the solidification front in molten metal passing continuously through the horizontal solidification chamber of a mold body are precisely controlled in the invention by establishing a cooling probe insertion pattern in which some of the probes are inserted into cooling bores in the mold body to greater distances than others. Specifically, establishment of a solidification front characterized by a liquid/solid isotherm that is substantially symmetrical across the chamber is achieved by progressively increasing the cooling probe insertion distance from the bottom to the top of the mold body. Premature, asymmetrical solidification on the bottom of the chamber is effectively minimized and reduces hot tears, fissures and other surface defects in the casting.