Abstract: Disclosed is a non-oriented electrical steel plate having a good surface state, a high magnetic induction and a low iron loss, the contents of various chemical elements of the non-oriented electrical steel plate in mass percentage being: 0<C?0.004%, 0.1%?Si?1.6%, 0.1%?Mn?0.8%, 0.1%?Al?0.6%, Ti?0.0015%, and the balance being Fe and other inevitable impurities, with 0.2%?(Si+Al)?2.0% being met. Also disclosed is a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned steel plate, comprising the steps: a liquid iron pretreatment, smelting with a converter, RH refining, casting into slabs, hot rolling, acid pickling, cold rolling, annealing and coating. The non-oriented electrical steel plate of the present invention has an excellent magnetic property, an ultralow iron loss and a higher steel purity; in addition the surface quality of the steel plate is good and the production cost is low.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aluminium alloy strip for the production of printing plate carriers comprising water-based coatings, wherein the aluminium alloy strip has a thickness of at most 0.5 mm. The object is to propose an aluminium alloy strip for the production of printing plate carriers comprising at least one water-based coating so that punctiform coating faults are prevented. The object is achieved for an aluminium alloy strip in that the aluminium alloy strip, in a longitudinal polished section prepared using water as a lubricant, has etch figures with a cubic etching, of which the longitudinal extent is at most 15 mm.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for controlling extremely low Ti in extra low carbon AlSi-killed steel, the weight percentage of the chemical composition of the extra low carbon AlSi-killed steel comprising: C?0.005%, Si: 0.1-3.4%, Mn: 0.1-0.5%, P?0.2%, S?0.002%, Al: 0-1.2%, N?0.005%, Ti?0.0015 and a balance substantially being Fe and inevitable impurities; the liquid steel having said chemical composition is obtained by hot metal preprocessing, smelting, retained RH smelting and ingoting, wherein the top ladle slag is modified, and calcium-aluminum based modifier of 0.6-1.7 kg/t steel are added, so as to ensure a controlling demand that when refined RH decarburization is over, the content of T.Fe in top ladle slag composition ?5%, the content of Al2O3?23%; when refined RH decarburization is over, ferrosilicium, ferroaluminum or ferromanganese is employed to perform deoxide and alloying, then perform a deep desulfurization, and desulfurizing efficiency is 50% to 70%.

Abstract: There is produced a molten steel containing, in mass %, Si: not less than 0.1% nor more than 7.0%, Mn: 0.1% or more, Al: not less than 0.2% nor more than 5.0%, Cr: not less than 0.1% nor more than 10%, and the like, and a balance composed of Fe and inevitable impurities. To the molten steel, REM: not less than 0.0005% nor more than 0.03% is added. The molten steel to which REM has been added is casted. A cast slab of non-oriented electrical steel is manufactured as above.

Abstract: A flux for application on and for reduction of oxide layers on a metal surface. The flux includes potassium fluoride, sodium fluoride, remaining moieties of water and gelatin. The can also include a reactant comprising moieties of at least one of the compositions of zirconium fluoride, lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium cryolite and potassium aluminum fluoride (KaAlF4), moieties of salts on the basis of at least one of the elements zirconium, lithium, potassium, sodium, bismuth boron and titanium and gelatin. The flux can be used in a method to reduce oxide layers on a metal surface by applying the flux onto the metal surface.

Abstract: A cast low carbon steel formed by a method of forming and refining molten silicon-bearing steel by addition of a calcium-containing silicon additive. Determine when the amount of calcium in the calcium-containing silicon additive is more or less than the amount of calcium desired in the finished steel. When it is more than the amount of calcium desired in the finished steel, add the amount of calcium-containing silicon additive corresponding to the excess calcium early during steel deoxidation or in refining to combine with oxygen, sulfur and other impurities in refining, and add the calcium-containing silicon additive containing the total amount of calcium desired in the finished steel after the desulfurization of the molten steel and before casting.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of ductile iron comprising the sequential steps of:—(i) treating liquid iron with an initialiser comprising an effective amount of a group Ha metal other than Mg, (ii) at a predetermined time after step (i), treating the liquid iron with a magnesium containing nodulariser, (iii) treating the liquid iron with a eutectic graphite nucleation-inducing inoculant, and (iv) casting the iron. The invention allows for the variability of oxygen content in the base iron to be processed such that the mechanical properties of components cast from the processed iron are independent of the original oxygen content of the base iron.

Abstract: A method of making a steel with low carbon less than 0.035% by weight including steps of preparing a heat of molten steel composition in a steelmaking furnace to a tapping temperature as desired for desulfurization at a VTD, tapping open into a ladle the molten steel composition with an oxygen level between about 600 and 1120 ppm, providing slag forming compound to the ladle to form a slag cover over the molten steel composition in the ladle, transporting the molten steel to a VTD, decarburizing the molten steel composition at the VTD by drawing a vacuum of less than 650 millibars, after decarburizing, transporting the molten steel to an LMF and deoxidizing the molten steel composition, after deoxidizing, returning to the VTD to desulfurize and degas the molten steel composition, and casting the molten steel composition to form a steel with low carbon less than 0.035% by weight.

Abstract: A fine metal particle producing mechanism has a metal holder for housing a body of magnesium, a tube for supplying an argon gas to the body of magnesium, an argon gas flow rate controller for controlling a rate at which the argon gas is supplied to the tube, and an argon gas heating controller for heating the argon gas supplied to the tube to a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: An aluminum casting process using a casting mold in which after the cavity (25) is filled with an inert gas, magnesium is introduced into the cavity to have a magnesium layer (58a) deposited on the cavity wall. Then, nitrogen gas is introduced into the cavity to form magnesium nitride (58b) on the surface of the magnesium layer after the cavity wall is heated to a specific temperature. Then, molten aluminum is supplied to have an aluminum casting molded, while the surface of the molten aluminum (39) is reduced with magnesium nitride. This makes it possible to form magnesium nitride within a short time and decrease the amount of nitrogen gas as required.

Abstract: An additive for increasing the toughness of thin-wall iron castings is provided. The additive includes amounts of a non-ferrous metal oxide and a metal sulfide in which the non-ferrous metal has an affinity for oxygen less than that of iron, and the metal has an affinity for sulfur less than that of magnesium. The metals contained in the oxides and sulfides are also not alkali, alkali earth or rare earth metals to reduce the incidence of defect formation in the castings. The metal oxide and metal sulfide, when added to a cast iron melt react with magnesium added to the melt as a spheroidizing graphite element to form nucleation sites having a core of magnesium oxide surrounded by magnesium sulfide. These nucleation sites allow for increased nucleation of graphite, whether in vermicular or spheroidal form, such that the cross-section of the thin-wall iron casting is more uniform, thereby decreasing the amount of carbide formed in the casting and increasing the toughness of the casting.

Abstract: An aluminum casting process using a casting mold in which after the cavity (25) is filled with an inert gas, magnesium is introduced in to the cavity to have a magnesium layer (58a) deposited on the cavity wall. Then, nitrogen gas is introduced into the cavity to form magnesium nitride (58b) on the surface of the magnesium layer after the cavity wall is heated to a specific temperature. Then, molten aluminum is supplied to have an aluminum casting molded, while the surface of the molten aluminum (39) is reduced with magnesium nitride. This makes it possible to form magnesium nitride within a short time and decrease the amount of nitrogen gas as required.

Abstract: A reduction casting method includes the steps of: pouring a molten metal into a cavity of a molding die; and performing casting while reducing an oxide film formed on a surface of the molten metal by allowing the molten metal and a reducing substance to come into contact with each other in the cavity. On this occasion, the molten metal is poured into the cavity in a state in which the molding die is forcibly cooled by a cooling device, thereby being rapidly cooled. Further, on this occasion, a solidification speed at which the molten metal is rapidly cooled is allowed to be 600° C./min or more. Still further, on this occasion, the molten metal is filled into the cavity in a filling time of from 1.0 second to 9.0 seconds.

Abstract: A casting apparatus for performing a casting while an oxide film formed on a surface of a molten metal is reduced by allowing the molten metal and a reducing compound to be contacted with each other, includes: a molding die having a cavity for receiving the molten metal, a sprue from which the molten metal is poured and a feeder head portion arranged between the sprue and the cavity. A difference of heat insulation is partially provided between the feeder head portion and the cavity such that the molten metal filled in the cavity and the feeder head portion is sequentially solidified in a direction of from a terminal portion of the cavity to the feeder head portion.

Abstract: A reduction casting method includes the steps of: allowing a metallic gas and a reactive gas to react with each other to generate a reducing compound; introducing the thus-generated reducing compound into a cavity of a molding die 11; and reducing an oxide film formed on a surface of a molten metal by the reducing compound to cast a cast product. The reduction casting method uses a non-reactive gas as a carrier gas when the metallic gas is introduced into the cavity, in which a flow quantity of the non-reactive gas is allowed to be from one sixth to twice that of the reactive gas.

Abstract: An aluminum casting process using a casting mold in which after the cavity (25) is filled with an inert gas, magnesium is introduced into the cavity to have a magnesium layer (58a) deposited on the cavity wall. Then, nitrogen gas is introduced into the cavity to form magnesium nitride (58b) on the surface of the magnesium layer after the cavity wall is heated to a specific temperature. Then, molten aluminum is supplied to have an aluminum casting molded, while the surface of the molten aluminum (39) is reduced with magnesium nitride. This makes it possible to form magnesium nitride within a short time and decrease the amount of nitrogen gas as required.

Abstract: In a reduction casting method in which casting is performed while an oxide film formed on a surface of the molten metal is reduced, after an inside of a cavity of a molding die is allowed to be in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, a reducing substance having a stronger reducing property than a metal of the molten metal has is allowed to act on the molten metal whereupon casting is performed while the oxide film formed on the surface of the molten metal is reduced.

Abstract: A method of producing a high nitrogen, ultra low carbon steel suitable to rolling material for use in cold rolled steel sheets having excellent age hardening property by an age hardening treatment after forming by working, with no defects in slabs or steel sheets, reliably, at a reduced cost and with a high productivity is proposed. The method for producing a rolling material for use in ultra low carbon steel sheets at: C≦0.0050 mass % comprises; applying primary decarburization refining to molten iron from a blast furnace, then controlling the composition in the molten steel after primary decarburization refining to a range satisfying the following relation: [mass % N]−0.15[mass % C]≧0.0060,  subsequently conducting secondary decarburization refining to a ultra low carbon concentration region while suppressing denitridation using a vacuum degassing facility, then conducting deoxidation by Al and, further, controlling the composition.

Abstract: A casting apparatus for performing a casting while an oxide film formed on a surface of a molten metal is reduced by allowing the molten metal and a reducing compound to be contacted with each other, includes: a molding die having a cavity for receiving the molten metal, a sprue from which the molten metal is poured and a feeder head portion arranged between the sprue and the cavity. A difference of heat insulation is partially provided between the feeder head portion and the cavity such that the molten metal filled in the cavity and the feeder head portion is sequentially solidified in a direction of from a terminal portion of the cavity to the feeder head portion.

Abstract: The method of casting of the present invention is capable of making volume of a feeder head can be small and making cooling rate of the feeder head can be easily made lower than that of a cavity. The method is executed in a casting machine, which includes a casting die, in which the feeder head is provided between a metal inlet and the cavity and in which heat insulating of the feeder head is greater than that of the cavity so as to make cooling rate of the feeder head lower than that of the cavity. The method comprises the steps of: pouring a molten metal into the cavity; reacting the molten metal on a deoxidizing compound in the cavity so as to deoxidize an oxide film formed on a surface of the molten metal; and supplementing the molten metal in the feeder head to the cavity when the molten metal in the cavity is solidified and shrinked.

Abstract: A casting apparatus for performing a casting while an oxide film formed on a surface of a molten metal is reduced by allowing the molten metal and a reducing compound to be contacted with each other, includes: a molding die having a cavity for receiving the molten metal, a sprue from which the molten metal is poured and a feeder head portion arranged between the sprue and the cavity. A difference of heat insulation is partially provided between the feeder head portion and the cavity such that the molten metal filled in the cavity and the feeder head portion is sequentially solidified in a direction of from a terminal portion of the cavity to the feeder head portion.

Abstract: In the method of deoxidation casting, a disused metal left in a feeder head can be easily removed from a cast product, or the molten metal left in the feeder head can be removed from the cast product so as to easily finish the cast product. The method comprises the steps of: pouring a molten metal into a cavity of a casting die; and reacting a deoxidizing compound with the molten metal so as to deoxidize an oxide film formed on a surface of the molten metal. And the method is characterized in that rate of cooling the molten metal in a feeder head of the casting die is lower than that in the cavity, and that the molten metal in the feeder head, which is not solidified, is treated when the molten metal in the cavity is solidified so as to make an outline of a cast product correspond to that of a desired product.

Abstract: The method of deoxidation casting is capable of deoxidizing the oxide film formed on the surface of the molten metal, improving wettability to inner faces of a cavity of a casting die, and casting high quality products with high casting efficiency. The method of deoxidation casting includes the steps of reacting a deoxidizing compound, which is made by reacting a metallic gas on a reactive gas, on a molten metal; and deoxidizing an oxide film on a surface of the molten metal.

Abstract: In the method of deoxidation casting, a disused metal left in a feeder head can be easily removed from a cast product, or the molten metal left in the feeder head can be removed from the cast product so as to easily finish the cast product. The method comprises the steps of: pouring a molten metal into a cavity of a casting die; and reacting a deoxidizing compound with the molten metal so as to deoxidize an oxide film formed on a surface of the molten metal. And the method is characterized in that rate of cooling the molten metal in a feeder head of the casting die is lower than that in the cavity, and that the molten metal in the feeder head, which is not solidified, is treated when the molten metal in the cavity is solidified so as to make an outline of a cast product correspond to that of a desired product.

Abstract: A reduction casting method, in which a molten metal is poured into a cavity of a molding die and casting is performed while the oxide film formed on the surface of the molten metal is reduced by allowing the molten metal and the reducing compound to be contacted with each other in the cavity of the molding die, is characterized in that, at the time the molten metal is poured into the cavity, it is done while it is allowed to be in a turbulent flow.

Abstract: A reduction casting method includes the steps of: allowing a metallic gas and a reactive gas to react with each other to generate a reducing compound; introducing the thus-generated reducing compound into a cavity of a molding die 11; and reducing an oxide film formed on a surface of a molten metal by the reducing compound to cast a cast product. The reduction casting method uses a non-reactive gas as a carrier gas when the metallic gas is introduced into the cavity, in which a flow quantity of the non-reactive gas is allowed to be from one sixth to twice that of the reactive gas.

Abstract: A reduction casting method includes the steps of: pouring a molten metal into a cavity of a molding die; and performing casting while reducing an oxide film formed on a surface of the molten metal by allowing the molten metal and a reducing substance to come into contact with each other in the cavity. On this occasion, the molten metal is poured into the cavity in a state in which the molding die is forcibly cooled by a cooling device, thereby being rapidly cooled. Further, on this occasion, a solidification speed at which the molten metal is rapidly cooled is allowed to be 600° C./min or more. Still further, on this occasion, the molten metal is filled into the cavity in a filling time of from 1.0 second to 9.0 seconds.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method of making a golf club head by casting a molten titanium alloy and thereafter removing the alpha case that is formed on the surface of the titanium by means of a conformal milling process. The conformal milling process uniformly dissolves the alpha case without distorting the underlying metal. The reduction in wall thickness caused by the conformal milling results in a concomitant reduction in the weight of the part without any loss in the critical impact strength of the part. In fact, impact strength is increased. This weight can then be redistributed as a supplemental weight member, which can be used to lower the center of mass of the club. The weight member can further be positioned on the sole plate or club body in such a way so as to permit fine tuning of the location of the center of mass of the club, as well as shaped so as to increase the polar moment of inertia of the club head about the golf club shaft.

Abstract: In a reduction casting method in which casting is performed while an oxide film formed on a surface of the molten metal is reduced, after an inside of a cavity of a molding die is allowed to be in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, a reducing substance having a stronger reducing property than a metal of the molten metal has is allowed to act on the molten metal whereupon casting is performed while the oxide film formed on the surface of the molten metal is reduced.

Abstract: A casting apparatus for performing a casting while an oxide film formed on a surface of a molten metal is reduced by allowing the molten metal and a reducing compound to be contacted with each other, includes: a molding die having a cavity for receiving the molten metal, a sprue from which the molten metal is poured and a feeder head portion arranged between the sprue and the cavity. A difference of heat insulation is partially provided between the feeder head portion and the cavity such that the molten metal filled in the cavity and the feeder head portion is sequentially solidified in a direction of from a terminal portion of the cavity to the feeder head portion.

Abstract: A reduction casting method, in which a molten metal is poured into a cavity of a molding die and casting is performed while the oxide film formed on the surface of the molten metal is reduced by allowing the molten metal and the reducing compound to be contacted with each other in the cavity of the molding die, is characterized in that, at the time the molten metal is poured into the cavity, it is done while it is allowed to be in a turbulent flow.

Abstract: In the method of deoxidation casting, a disused metal left in a feeder head can be easily removed from a cast product, or the molten metal left in the feeder head can be removed from the cast product so as to easily finish the cast product. The method comprises the steps of: pouring a molten metal into a cavity of a casting die; and reacting a deoxidizing compound with the molten metal so as to deoxidize an oxide film formed on a surface of the molten metal. And the method is characterized in that rate of cooling the molten metal in a feeder head of the casting die is lower than that in the cavity, and that the molten metal in the feeder head, which is not solidified, is treated when the molten metal in the cavity is solidified so as to make an outline of a cast product correspond to that of a desired product.

Abstract: The method of deoxidation casting of the present invention is capable of deoxidizing the oxide film formed on the surface of the molten metal, improving wettability to inner faces of a cavity of a casting die, and casting high quality products with high casting efficiency. The method of deoxidation casting of the present invention comprises the steps of: reacting a deoxidizing compound, which is made by reacting a metallic gas on a reactive gas, on a molten metal; and deoxidizing an oxide film on a surface of the molten metal.

Abstract: A method for refining molten Al alloy and a non-halogen based flux for refining molten Al alloy which make it possible to perform refining such as removal of gas and inclusions at a high reduction level, and are free from a problem that the flux remains in the molten Al alloy, wherein a refining flux is injected into molten Al alloy obtained by melting an Al raw material to refine the melt, thereafter, the resultant is supplied to a mold, so as to cast the Al alloy. At this time, alum is used as the refining flux.