Abstract: An applicator nozzle for applying a coating solution onto the molding surface of a metal mold for use in centrifugal casting. The applicator nozzle mounted on an applicator lance is provided, at its one end facing the molding surface, with a plurality of small nozzle openings which are arranged at a predetermined pitch to each other in the direction of movement of the lance into the metal mold, through which nozzle openings, a solution of coating material is emitted in solid rod-like form in such an amount as to be sufficient to complete mold coating in one way of the nozzle into the metal mold, thus producing mold coating free from an undesirable spiral pattern.

Abstract: A novel mold coating comprising humic acid, and/or humic acid salts, and graphite in a liquid suspension containing organic bonding agents is disclosed as well as a method of forming ingots in which molten steel is poured into molds which are covered by the coating.

Abstract: A method of making aluminum castings having a self-fused high silicon content in the interior matrix near and at the surface. A sand core is coated with a tacky, low-ash, low-volatile adhesive along a predetermined zone. Silicon dust particles are deposited on said adhesive in bonded relation. Molten aluminum is cast into a mold cavity containing the coated core. After mold stripping, the silicon particles are exposed as metallurgically bonded to the aluminum but along an ultra-thin depth. At least some of the exposed silicon particles are machined to expose a planar facet and thereby increase the projected exposure of the silicon particles along the machined plane. The resulting product has a reduced shrinkage characteristic (typical of aluminum alloys having a high proportional precipitated silicon).

Abstract: At least one element of a superalloy cast into a refractory oxide-silica investment mold is oxidized to form a metal oxide barrier layer at the mold-metal interface to permit directional solidification of the cast superalloy at elevated temperatures without metal-mold reaction.

Abstract: A method for casting steel ingots in molds is provided wherein the upper surface of the ingot is caused to solidify before the interior of the ingot is solidified in order to provide an improved ingot having sound and homogeneous material over all the surfaces of the ingot and a good distribution of segregates throughout the cross section of the ingot. In the improved method, the surface temperature of the upper surface of the ingots is maintained at or near the liquidus temperature of the steel being casted for at least 10 seconds after casting so that the upper surface of the ingot remains fluid to allow slag inclusions to float to the upper surface of the ingot. The upper surface of the ingot is then solidified between 10 seconds and 2 minutes after casting by lowering the surface temperature of the ingot to a temperature at or near the solidus temperature of the steel so that the upper surface of the ingot solidifies before the interior of the ingot is solidified.

Abstract: In an iron molding process and in a mold for carrying out the process, in which the mold is at least locally coated with tellurium or bismuth to promote the production of a white iron structure there is included in the coating a mineral substance such as a clay containing water which is loosely chemically combined, or a substance containing hydroxyl groups, the water or each hydroxyl group being chemically combined tightly enough so that it withstands the heat involved in drying of the mold but is liberated on contact with the molten iron.

Abstract: A method for producing a reduced-pressure shaped mould comprises the steps of placing a pattern having gas-permeable orifices on a surface plate and adhering a coating film that is soluble in a solvent to the pattern by suction through the orifices. A flask having evacuating means is then placed on the surface plate on top of the film and the space portion defined by the film and the flask is filled with solid particles containing no caking agent which serves as a mould material. The mould material and flask are covered with an air-tight sheet and the evacuating means of the flask is actuated while that of the surface plate is released so that the sheet and coating film adhere to the upper and low surfaces respectively of the mould material by suction. The pattern and surface plate are then separated from the flask and a solution containing caking agent dissolved in the solvent is applied to the coating film which is adhered to the surface of a cavity formed at the lower surface of the mould material.

Abstract: A belt-type metal-casting machine comprises a metallic casting belt, preferably of steel, having its side turned toward the melt formed with a heat-lagging (thermal-insulating) layer upon which at least one abrasion-resistant cover layer is applied. The cover layer consists of one or more metals whose fusion temperature or melting point in Kelvin .degree. is equal to or greater than 0.7 times the melting temperature, in .degree.K, of the casting metal to be applied.

Abstract: A method of making a more economical and reliable treating agent for use in late metal treatment when pouring metal castings. The treating agent is defined as an essentially homogeneous solid cast block preferably containing alloying ingredients to nodulize or inoculant ferrous metal. Each block is designed to present a generally uniform reaction surface to molten metal to be treated. This is obtained by casting the block to a shape which snugly fits a prepared basin in the mold gating system over which the molten metal to be treated must flow, or to cast the block in an annular configuration through which the molten metal must flow. The latter block has contoured inner surfaces which maintain a generally constant reactive surface as the block is consumed. These blocks are preferably prepared by simultaneously casting a large number in closely nested relation.

Abstract: A fluid-mold casting slag, especially useful for casting nickel and nickel alloy ingots having improved surface and other metallurgical characteristics, contains substantially only fluorides. Preferred composition consist essentially of about 85%-95% CaF.sub.2 and about 15%-5% NaF.

Abstract: In a glass container making machine using a split face mold, means are provided for controllably diverting the parisons from the mouth of the mold to a waste glass collector when the mold is closed so that at the same time swabbing means lubricate the inner faces of the mold cavity.

Abstract: Molten metal is mold or die cast by contacting the molten metal-contacting surface of the mold or die with a die lubricant or parting agent in the vapor form and in the substantial absence of added liquid lubricant or parting agent prior to introducing the molten metal into contact with the mold or die surface. The contacting of the molten metal-contacting surface of the mold or die with the vaporous lubricant or parting agent is carried out under conditions such that the vaporous lubricant or parting agent applied to or contacting the molten metal-contacting surface of the mold or die undergoes thermal decomposition thereon. The mold or die surface may be a metal or graphite surface and the applied vaporous lubricant or parting agent may be a normally liquid, thermally decomposable organic compound, such as an alkyl phosphate or an aryl phosphate, e.g., tributyl phosphate and tricresyl phosphate.

Abstract: Molding apparatus and method for producing die castings having high, closely spaced projections extending therefrom formed by mold portions which are re-entrant or interleaved between the projections of the casting. Such re-entrant mold portions do not cool rapidly between casting shots and their tips are liable to stick to the casting, making it difficult or impossible to release. The invention provides a die mold having such re-entrant portions and a method of rapidly cooling such portions between casting shots in order to provide acceptable production rates.

Abstract: A method of forming a metal oxide barrier layer at the interface between a refractory oxide-silica investment mold and a contained metal superalloy includes the firing of the mold or the mold-metal system, in a controlled prevailing atmosphere having a predetermined amount of oxygen therein. The barrier layer enables directional solidification of the contained superalloy at elevated temperatures to occur without metal-mold reaction.

Abstract: A surface, such as a die casting cavity surface, is coated with a substantially continuous thin film including a metal oxide of tungsten or molybdenum or mixtures thereof and carbon in the amorphous or crystalline allotropic form. A composition used in a method to provide the coating over the surface includes the carbon in the amorphous or crystalline allotropic form suspended in a liquid including water and the metal oxide or acid of tungsten or molybdenum or mixtures thereof dissolved in a hydroide. The method of coating the surface includes the steps of providing the surface to be coated with an oxide film, applying the composition over the oxide film, and treating the applied composition to form the substantially continuous thin film including the metal oxide of tungsten or molybdenum or mixtures thereof and the carbon in the amorphous or crystalline allotropic form. The thin film is capable of causing modification of selected properties of the surface related to shaping of metal containing materials.

Abstract: Ingot head surface finish is improved by providing a coating of mould flux on the molten metal-contacting surface of hot top lining slabs.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cast ferrous metal die wherein an initial die of non-ferrous metal is cast in a mould against a basic metal pattern having a melting point substantially not less than that of the non-ferrous casting metal, the basic metal pattern being preheated and coated with refractory material and the non-ferrous casting metal is cast against the preheated and coated basic pattern in a supercooled condition to minimise thermal shock and heat transference between the casting metal and basic pattern, and forming a further corresponding pattern of refractory material in the initial die, and then using the pattern of refractory material in a mould for casting a cast ferrous metal die from said refractory pattern, the cast ferrous metal die so obtained being of corresponding accuracy to the basic metal pattern.

Abstract: Prevention of fins during a metal casting process is achieved by employing a mold having at least one protuberance along a parting line of the mold and a film of soft plastic covering the mold including the protuberance. When the mold is pressed against another mold the protuberance is held in place by the film of soft plastic. The pattern for forming the mold includes a shielding mold member of a soft plastic film formed over an inversely drafted part along a parting line of the pattern. The mold can also be formed from a pattern having a shielding mold member of a soft plastic film formed over at least one recess in a parting line of the pattern.