Abstract: Falling film evaporator systems, devices, and methods are disclosed in the present application. In some embodiments, the falling film evaporator system can include a hollow cylindrical glass tube configured to enclose the major parts of the falling film evaporator system. Furthermore, in some embodiments, inserted into the cylindrical glass tube is another hollow evaporator tube with a dispensing bowl at the top, a reservoir of the dispending bowl facing the inside top of the cylindrical glass tube. Inserted into the hollow evaporator tube is a heating element configured to heat the hollow evaporator tube such that an outside surface of the evaporator tube is heated. At the top of the hollow cylindrical glass is an inlet where liquid flows into the dispensing bowl, spilling over the edges of the bowl, generating a thin film of liquid that is evaporated as it falls down the outside surface of the evaporator tube.

Abstract: A first conduit having a cylindrical upper entrance region with the axis of the cylindrical region oriented vertically, which accepts incoming downwardly flowing hot drain water, a central region of said first conduit below the said entrance region having a conical shape of increasing diameter, reaching a maximum diameter 2-7 times larger than the upper region, the shape then transitioning to a decreasing diameter area of a conical shape, the shape transitioning to a cylindrical lower region with a diameter similar to the upper region diameter; a second conduit for the flow of the shower cold water supply, with a diameter 10-40 times smaller than the maximum diameter of the drain water conduit, and a length 10-40 times longer than the vertical length of the drain water conduit, the second conduit tightly wrapped around the first conduit and in close thermal contact with the first conduit.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell having an anode and a cathode, a water recovery system configured to recycle water from exhaust from the anode, a heat exchanger configured to transfer heat between exhaust from the cathode and water from the water recovery system, and a saturator having an upper section and a lower section separated by a divider defining an opening configured to allow fuel and steam to pass from the lower section to the upper section. The lower section receives fuel from a fuel source and water from the water recovery unit and the upper section receives fuel from the lower section and water from the heat exchanger.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electronic equipment data center or co-location facility designs and methods of making and using the same in an environmentally aware manner, and generally provides apparatus and methods for using novel support bracket structures, and thermal panels associated with the same, that allow for distinct partitioning of air flowing in hot aisles and cold aisles, as well as for holding wiring above cabinets that are used to store electronic equipment in the facility.

Abstract: A multifunctional module for a refrigerating apparatus with a module housing, includes a controllable function valve arranged for dispensing water from a water circuit. The module housing includes a leak detection device for detecting water leakage inside the module housing.

Abstract: Tube-bundle equipment of the falling liquid film type, comprising a vertical cylindrical body closed at the ends and divided into at least an upper section, an intermediate section and a lower section by means of two perforated tube sheets arranged transversally to support the tubes forming the bundle, wherein each of said tubes is surmounted, on the upper end, by a ferrule, for the inlet and distribution of the liquid in the form of a film, which comprises in the upper part, one or more openings for the outlet of vapors, at an intermediate height one or more openings, preferably tangential, for the inlet of the liquid and below, a circular base for resting on said tube from which an internal cylindrical section, inserted in the tube for a length varying from 10 to 200 mm, protrudes downwards together with an outer metallic strip for a length of at least 2 mm, so that, in the circular area defined between said outer metallic strip and said protruding cylindrical section, there is a gasket, inserted between sa

Abstract: A distributor of flowable medium for a heat exchanger has a housing member and at least one substantially vertically oriented tube member arranged therein. The distributor has a hollow body arranged to be supported in one end of the tube member. An upturned funnel shaped core member is formed in the hollow body, resulting in an annular flow passage between the body and the core member. The body has an upper section with an inlet, a lower section with an outlet, and a mid section between the upper and lower sections. The flow passage extends from the inlet to the outlet at the lower section, and is configured to narrow progressively from the inlet towards the mid section, and widen progressively from the mid section towards the outlet for modifying flow characteristics of the medium flowing through the passage. Intake guide elements are provided at the upper section.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for steam cracking liquid hydrocarbon feedstocks utilizes a vapor/liquid separation apparatus to treat heated vapor/liquid mixtures to provide an overhead of reduced residue content and includes: i) indirectly heat exchanging liquid bottoms with boiler feed water to provide cooled liquid bottoms and preheated boiler feed water; ii) directing at least a portion of said preheated boiler feed water to a steam drum; and iii) recovering steam having a pressure of at least about 4100 kPa (600 psia) from said steam drum.

Abstract: A clothes dryer is provided. In the dryer, air flowing into a drying container is provided with heat from heat pump. The clothes dryer comprises a cabinet, a drying container rotationally mounted in the cabinet, a motor providing the container with rotational force, a first air path connected to a side of the container, a second air path connected to another side of the container and to the outside of the cabinet, and a first heat exchanging member and a second heat exchanging member in the first air path. A damper may be additionally included in the second air path.

Abstract: A free-floating, integrated, solar operated water heater appliance, for heating the body of water includes a flotation device for buoyantly supporting the appliance in the body of water. A water heater element, fueled by solar energy, heats water pumped through the heater element by an integral pump, driven by solar energy. A solar energy reflector/container supports the heater element and concentrates solar energy onto the outer surface of the heater element. A parabolic dish reflector concentrates solar energy onto the inner surface of the heater element. Water is circulated through the heater element and returned, in elevated temperature, to the body of water.

Abstract: Process and reaction unit for isothermal shift conversion of a carbon monoxide containing feed gas, the process comprising the steps of introducing the feed gas in a reaction unit into reactor tubes with a fixed bed of a shift conversion catalyst in a reaction zone; contacting the feed gas with the catalyst at conditions being effective in carbon monoxide shift conversion reaction with steam reactant to hydrogen and cooling the reaction by indirect heat exchange with a cooling agent by passing the cooling agent in a falling film along shell side of the reactor tubes and removing heated cooling agent from the falling film; passing hydrogen when it is formed by the shift conversion reaction through a hydrogen selective membrane to a permeate zone; withdrawing hydrogen from the permeate zone and carbon monoxide depleted feed gas from the reaction zone.

Abstract: A heater exchanger used to condense a refrigerant in a refrigeration system. The heat exchanger is designed to perform a heat exchanging operation by the use of latent heat of water vaporization, thus having improved heat exchanging efficiency as well as a reduced size. The heat exchanger includes an upper header having a refrigerant inlet port and distributing a refrigerant introduced into the upper header through the refrigerant inlet port, a plurality of heat exchanging tubes connected at upper ends thereof to the upper header and extending in a vertical direction, a lower header connected to lower ends of the heat exchanging tubes and gathering the refrigerant flowing from the heat exchanging tubes, with a refrigerant outlet port formed in the lower header, and a water supply unit assembled with upper portions of external surfaces of the heat exchanging tubes, and feeding water to the tubes to cause water to flow along the external surfaces of the tubes.

Abstract: An improved two-phase refrigerant distributor for use in a falling film evaporator in a refrigeration chiller system defines apertures in its undersurface from which serrated collars depend. The serrations cooperate to define locations below the undersurface of the distributor to which liquid refrigerant is drawn prior to exiting the distributor. As a result, the hang-up and/or travel of liquid refrigerant on the distributor undersurface is reduced or eliminated.

Abstract: An improved two-phase refrigerant distributor for use in a falling film evaporator in a refrigeration chiller system defines apertures in its undersurface from which serrated collars depend. The serrations cooperate to define locations below the undersurface of the distributor to which liquid refrigerant is drawn prior to exiting the distributor. As a result, the hang-up and/or travel of liquid refrigerant on the distributor undersurface is reduced or eliminated.

Abstract: A thruster device and associated methods are provided. The thruster device comprises a frustoconical inner layer and a frustoconical outer layer that surrounds the inner layer such that the inner and outer layers cooperate to define a spiral flow passage therebetween. An outlet, such as a nozzle, is attached to an exit end of the thruster device such that the outlet is in fluid communication with the spiral flow passage. In one embodiment, the thruster device includes an end flow cap that is also attached to the exit end and establishes the fluid communication between the spiral flow passage and the outlet. The end flow cap includes at least one channel for directing the propellant from the spiral flow passage to the outlet. The design of the thruster device allows the frustoconical inner and outer layers to be assembled without galling or damaging the spiral flow passage.

Abstract: An absorber having a shell, wet tubes and cooling fluid supply and collection portions. Partition walls divide the shell into at least three zones. The wet tubes are disposed parallelly in the shell, passing through the partition walls. The opposite open ends of the wet tube locate in the uppermost and lowermost zones of the shell, respectively. The cooling fluid supply portion communicates with the open end of the wet tube to supply a cooling fluid thereto. The cooling fluid collection portion communicates with the other open end of the wet tube and discharge it outside. A gap is formed between the wet tube and the partition walls facing the intermediate zone. The cooling fluid continuously flows in the wet tubes, while supplying the liquid working fluid to the uppermost zone so as to flow down from the gap. The liquid working fluid flows through the gap to the zone locating below the intermediate zone and is discharged outside.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for condensing moisture from an air stream. The condensing comprises concentric cylinders having a common wall. The outer cylinder contains a cooling material, such as water, and upon contact therewith, the air stream is cooled and moisture contained therein is condensed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vertical falling film shell and tube heat exchanger, where the falling film is formed on the exterior surface of the tubes. A distribution plate is provided below an upper tubesheet, and a sparger plate having sparger holes is provided between the upper tubesheet and the distribution plate. A plurality of vertical, parallel tubes pass through the distribution and sparger plates and are sealingly engaged with the upper tubesheet and the sparger plate. The distribution plate has oversized holes through which the tubes pass, an annular space being defined around each tube where the tube passes through the distribution plate. The first fluid passes one time through the tubes, and the second fluid is fed to the shell side as two streams, a liquid stream and a vapor stream. The liquid stream is introduced to the shell between the upper tubesheet and the sparger plate and drains downwardly onto the second distribution plate through the sparger holes.

Abstract: A liquid distributor for distributing liquid over the heat transfer surface of an evaporator includes a channel array including one or more supply channels and downwardly deviating distribution channels. Each distribution channel has a step-shaped expansion located downstream with respect to the supply channel and connecting therewith via a sharp point, restricting the liquid suction created in the distribution channel. Sharp points provided in the supply channel or channels further restrict the liquid suction.

Abstract: A steam condenser has a perforated plate extending transversely in a housing, a pipe extending upwardly from an opening in the plate and having openings in its upper portion, at least one steam inlet, and a deflector adjacent to said inlet extending inwardly of the housing and downwardly to deflect and disburse steam to enhance condensation.

Abstract: The falling film condensing heat exchanger includes a plurality of vertical tubes carrying a coolant. A distribution plate is disposed at the upper end of the condenser shell and has a plurality of apertures receiving the tubes. The apertures in the distribution plate define an annular space around the tubes which permits liquid to flow through the distribution plate apertures in the form of a thin film about the tubes below the distribution plate to enhance heat transfer between the vapor on the shell side and the coolant on the tube side. The distribution plate has depressions about each of the apertures to puddle the liquid, ensuring flow of liquid through the apertures in the form of a thin film about the surface of each tube.

Abstract: A single-stage desiccant regeneration system for use in an air conditioning system, the regeneration system comprising a falling film heat exchanger for transferring heat from concentrated desiccant to dilute desiccant, a boiler for regenerating dilute desiccant, piping for flowing dilute desiccant from the air conditioning system upward through the heat exchanger, and a flow path for directing concentrated desiccant from the boiler through the heat exchanger and to the air conditioning system.

Abstract: An apparatus for heat exchange between a fluid circulating in a tube of heat conductive material and a flow of liquid in a thin layer circulating by gravity in a channel of heat conductive material, in thermal contact with the tube and disposed in the manner of a helix around the tube. The invention has application to evaporation, desorption, condensation, and absorption in chemical and physico-chemical reactors, and especially in air conditioning and refrigeration systems.

Abstract: An indirect evaporative cooler having an improved heat exchanger. The heat exchanger includes a plurality of heat tubes arranged in a closely spaced vertically stagger matrix and with each tube having an internal fin mounted therein. The heat transfer tubes and internal fins are distortion fitted to one another to provide a heat conductive bond between the internal fins and the exterior of the heat transfer tubes. Additionally, the heat transfer tubes are arranged in a novel matrix with improved heat transfer characteristics.

Abstract: A vertical tube heat exchanger having a shell enclosing a bottom tubesheet, a top tubesheet in parallel, spaced-apart relationship to the bottom tubesheet, and a plurality of spaced-apart parallel flow tubes extending between the top tubesheet and bottom tubesheet includes liquid distributor devices inserted into the open top end of the flow tubes. The distributors are fabricated of an elastic material of sufficient resilience to sustain deformation circumferentially of the distributor device to accomodate irregularities in the tube wall at the top end creating a continuous uninterrupted peripheral seal at the interface of the distributor and tube wall at the open top end when inserted in the tube open top end, and to recover the original peripheral size and form of the distributor when the distributor is removed from the tube open top end.

Abstract: Apparatus (10) for the evaporation of liquids or for the absorption or degassing of two-substance or multi-substance solutions of the interior tube falling film type of construction, with a pressure tank (12) through which a heat exchanging medium can pass, whose interior contains a plurality of vertical parallel tubes (22) set apart from one another which open in a bell (26; 24) placed on the bottom and on the top of the pressure tank, the upper ends of the tubes projecting above the upper side of the top place of the pressure tank. On the upper bell (24) there is provided an inlet (36) for the liquid or solution, and a connection (38) for the input or output of evaporated liquid or gaseous solution component, and on the bottom bell there is provided an outlet (34) for liquid or liquid solution.At a distance above the mouths of the tubes (22) a dividing plate (42) is inserted into the bell, which has a plurality of bores (44) of small diameter.

Abstract: A heat exchanger with a multiplicity of generally vertical heat transfer tubes has an improved liquid distribution arrangement in its upper inlet head. The liquid distribution arrangement includes a flow diverting baffle disposed within the inlet head above the tubes, a plurality of flow restricting devices inserted in the upper open ends of the tubes and a dam spaced inwardly from a peripheral region of the upper head for receiving flow from the baffle and providing an overflow reservoir surrounding the upper open tube ends for evenly distributing flow to the upper open tube ends.

Abstract: A multiple, parallel packed column vaporizer for vaporizing a chemical having a relatively low decomposition temperature includes a shell; a plurality of parallel, vertically oriented vaporization columns arranged in the shell, each vaporization column having inner walls and upper and lower open ends; a distribution assembly for distributing the chemical substantially equally to the open upper ends of the vaporization columns, which flows downwardly therein; a heat exchanger which heats the vaporization columns to provide the heat needed to vaporize the chemical therein; and a gas supply which supplies the gas to the lower ends of the vaporization columns so that the chemical is vaporized and becomes entrained in the gas and is carried upwardly out of the vaporizer.

Abstract: A tube-type heat exchanger has the tube ends substantially flush with the upper tube sheet and liquid is distributed to the tubes through distributor heads which are sealed and therefore provide gas cushions absorbing volume changes in the tubes.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus having a first header for receiving fluid from a source, flexible thin-walled tubular plastic heat exchange elements defining a plurality of passages through a heat exchange zone and second header means for receiving fluid from said plastic heat exchange elements after passing through said heat exchange zone. Support elements are provided, supporting and rigidifying the flexible thin-walled tubular plastic heat exchange member. The plastic heat exchange element defining said plurality of passages is radially expandable by pressure of fluid from said source to avoid scale formation.

Abstract: In a falling film evaporator of the vertical-tube type in which liquid to be evaporated is supplied at the top on the outer surface of vertical heat exchanger tubes and the heat medium is supplied to the heat exchanger tubes at the bottom for flow inside the same, at least one larger tube element than the heat exchanger tubes is disposed between and fixed to tube plates at the both ends of the group of tubes to stabilize the group of tubes against tension and especially compression stresses.

Abstract: A heat exchanger designed to cool a liquid such as water has a boiler with several upright heat-transfer tubes on whose inner surfaces the liquid descends in the form of a thin film while a refrigerant such as ammonia or a Freon rises within the boiler. To generate the thin films the liquid to be cooled is collected in a storage vessel above the boiler into which the heat-transfer tubes project. Each of these open-topped tubes contains an insert with a frustoconically diverging bottom part approaching the inner tube surface to within a fraction of a millimeter. The bottom part of the insert has an acute-angled peripheral edge insuring the detachment of the liquid from its surface. The several inserts are suspended from a vertically reciprocable piston rod forming part of a pneumatic jack whose alternate pressurization is controlled by a relay in response to two microswitches actuated by cams on the piston rod and to two level sensors ascertaining the liquid level in the storage vessel.

Abstract: A power plant includes a source of water, a heat exchanger having an evaporator side maintained below atmospheric pressure for converting the water to steam, and a turbine responsive to said steam for producing work and heat depleted steam. The heat exchanger also has a condenser side for receiving and condensing the heat depleted steam. The evaporator side of the heat exchanger is separated by a barrier from the condenser side. Concentrated brine from a source thereof is caused to fall in a film on the condenser side of the barrier, and water from the water source is caused to fall in a film on the evaporator side of the barrier. The heat of dilution of the film of concentrated brine, as it is directly contacted by the heat depleted steam in the condenser side of the heat exchanger, is transferred through the barrier from the condenser side to the evaporator side raising the temperature of the film of water on the evaporator side which evaporates in the reduced pressure in the evaporator.

Abstract: A vertical shell and tube heat exchanger in which the tubes extend through oversized holes in a liquid distribution plate. Liquid flows through the holes and down each tube exterior surface as a falling film. A spacer or clip, desirably of wire, is placed in each hole around each tube to center the tube so that the film has a uniform thickness. The clip is self-locking and remains fixed securely in position.

Abstract: A method, together with suitable apparatus therefor, is provided useful in recovering heat from a high temperature cracked hydrocarbon gas, in which a liquid wash is injected into the tubes of a vertically oriented multitube transfer line heat exchanger to minimize deposition of coke. The wash liquid is introduced into a plenum chamber located above the top tube sheet and it then flows through a perforated plate. This distributes the liquid uniformly over the plate where it flows into the tubes to dissolve and/or flux condensates and coke.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for the thin layer evaporation of liquid in which the thin layer to be evaporated is formed by centrifugation.It is characterized in that the pointed part of the said cone is immersed in a reserve of liquid to be evaporated and a communication is established between the external face of the said pointed part of the cone and the internal face of this cone, so that the thin layer subjected to evaporation is formed on the internal face and on the external face of the cone.It concerns a device and installation for the distillation by evaporation in thin layers, particularly for hydrocarbons, and process for operating this device.

Abstract: A falling film heat exchanger in which a continuous weld circumferentially joins each tube to the outer surface of the upper, and desirably also the lower, tubesheet. The welds seal the crevices between the tubes and tubesheet holes and prevent corrosion. Since the circumferential welds cannot be deposited if the tube ends extend more than about 2 inches past the tubesheet, extensions can be added by welding.

Abstract: This invention relates to shell and tube vertical falling film heat exchangers. More particularly, this invention is concered with an improved heat exchanger which has an insert or cap on the upper ends of the tubes to direct the liquid against the inner surfaces of the tubes to form a thin falling film, thereby increasing heat exchange.

Abstract: A falling film heat exchanger of the shell and tube type has the tubes positioned in concentric rings. A liquid distribution box is positioned above the tube upper ends. Short pipes extend downwardly from the box to feed liquid between the rings of tubes to distribute the liquid uniformly to the tubes. The box desirably rotates slowly. Also, the pipes desirably extend between upwardly extending tube ends so as to provide a uniform pool of liquid which overflows uniformly into the tubes.

Abstract: A falling film heat exchanger having a plurality of tubes is provided with a liquid distribution member surrounding each tube which directs liquid against the tube external wall to control the falling film flow and to form uniform films on each tube. The liquid can be a feed liquid or a heat exchange liquid such as a refrigerant.

Abstract: Falling film heat exchanger includes circular areas for evenly distributing feed liquid and/or heat exchange liquid to the tube interior and/or exterior surfaces. The circular areas may be defined by a liquid porous material, slots in an O-ring or vertical slots in the holes through and to which the tubes are joined.

Abstract: A falling film evaporation type heat exchanger of the shell-tube type which includes an outer shell or main body portion and a plurality of individual heat transfer tubes disposed therein, with the heat transfer tubes extending substantially in a vertical direction. A liquid refrigerant is caused to freely fall from upper portions of the heat transfer tubes along the outer peripheral surfaces of the tubes and the evaporation of the thin refrigerant film, formed on the outer peripheral surface of the heat transfer tubes effects the transfer.

Abstract: A falling film heat exchanger having a plurality of tubes is provided with a liquid distribution member surrounding each tube which directs liquid against the tube external wall to control the falling film flow and to form uniform films on each tube. The liquid can be a feed liquid or a heat exchange liquid such as a refrigerant.

Abstract: An improved device for the distribution of liquids in a vertical heat-exchange apparatus which has reeds mounted on the top ends of vertical tubes to spread a liquid in film form over the internal surface of each tube of the tube bundle. The reeds of the invention are closed at their tops instead of being open as was common in conventional practice, and the reeds have an array of circumferential perforations near their closed tops for venting off gases and vapors which evolve from said liquid, while tangential perforations extend through the peripheral surface of the reeds in intermediate sections thereof. The pressure drop of gases and vapors can be adjusted within a wide range and corrosion in the top portion of the tubes is very efficiently prevented.

Abstract: A fluid distributor for mounting in the upper end of a vertical condenser tube, comprising a ferrule having a downwardly opening cavity therein, the cavity including a lower frusto-conical portion and an upper spherical portion which is tangential to said lower portion. The ferrule has an enlarged head portion containing at least one inlet orifice, the orifice extending upwardly at an angle from a horizontal plane passing through the upper end of the ferrule chamber, and the inner end thereof opening tangentially on the wall defining the spherical chamber portion. Fluid entering the ferrule chamber through the inlet orifice is directed thereby both laterally and downwardly, to establish an inverted vortex from which is formed a uniform hollow cylindrical film of fluid.

Abstract: A condenser/evaporator heat exchanger comprising a plurality of vertically oriented panel units spaced moderately from one another. Each panel unit comprises a pair of thin film plastic sheets bonded to one another along a plurality of vertically extending bond lines transversely spaced from one another at regular intervals. The two sheets form between adjacent pairs of bond lines a plurality of vertical tubular condensing chambers adapted to receive pressurized steam. Brine is directed onto the outer surfaces of the panel units at the upper ends thereof, the brine descending down the outer surfaces of the panel units to be in heat exchange relationship with the steam inside the tubular condensing chambers.

Abstract: The upper end portion of an upright tubular wall whose inner side is contacted by material requiring to be cooled, is surrounded by an annular receptacle for cooling water. An annular baffle extends from the receptacle towards but not into contact with the exterior of the wall; its free edge defines with the wall an annular gap. This gap is bridged by tufts of fibers which are arranged along the gap in one or more rows, so that water running from the receptacle over the baffle travels along the fibers whose free ends are in contact with the wall, and is applied to the wall of a film of uniform thickness.

Abstract: A distributor of liquid is disclosed, to be used in chemical apparatus having a bundle of tubes in the interior of which the liquid to be treated is distributed in the form of a thin film flowing on the internal surfaces of the tubes, the improvement consisting in the combination of a bell placed on the top surface of the tube plate and having liquid passageways formed along its bottom edge, a foraminous collar-like component placed at the bell top for feeding the liquid, and a plurality of distribution sleeves having the form of tubes through the sidewalls of which tangential bores are formed, there being one distribution sleeve for each tube of the bundle.

Abstract: A distributor of liquid is disclosed, to be used in chemical apparatus having a bundle of tubes in the interior of which the liquid to be treated is distributed in the form of a thin film flowing on the internal surfaces of the tubes, the improvement consisting in the combination of a bell placed on the top surface of the tube plate and having liquid passageways formed along its bottom edge, a foraminous collar-like component placed at the bell top for feeding the liquid, and a plurality of distribution sleeves having the form of tubes through the sidewalls of which tangential bores are formed, there being one distribution sleeve for each tube of the bundle.

Abstract: The heat exchanger comprises at least one heat-transfer wall which forms a separation between a hot primary fluid and a secondary fluid to be heated. Each heat-transfer wall is either a vertical cylinder having a cross-section in the form of a circle with a wavy profile in the case of a tubular heat exchanger or a vertical rectangular plate having wavy corrugations in the case of a plate-type exchanger, a series of assembled plates being intended to form leak-tight compartments for receiving primary fluid and secondary fluid in alternate succession. The secondary fluid is introduced into the upper end of the heat-transfer wall in the vicinity of the wave crests of the wall face which is directed towards the fluid.